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empirical studies of escape behavior find mixed support for the race for life model

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 305-313页

作者： Kwasi WReNsFORD Jahaziel GUTIeRReZ William e.COOPeRJR Daniel T.BLUMs.e.N Department of Integrative Biology Museum of Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of California6121 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

escape theory has been exceptionally successful in conceptualizing and accurately predicting effects of numerous factors that affect predation risk and explaining variation in flight initiation distance(FID;predator–prey distance when escape begins).Less.e.plored is the relative orientation of an approaching predator,prey,and its.e.entual *** relationship between an approaching threat and its refuge can be expres.e. as an angle we call the“interpath angle”or“Φ,”which describes the angle between the paths of predator and prey to the prey’s refuge and thus.e.pres.e. the degree to which prey must run toward an approaching *** general,we might expect that prey would escape at greater distances if they must flee toward a predator to reach its ***“race for life”model makes formal predictions about howΦshould affect *** evaluated the model by studying escape decisions in yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventer,a s.e.ies which flees to *** found support for some of the model’s predictions,yet the relationship betweenΦand FID was less *** may not as.e.sΦin a continuous fashion;but we found that binning angle into 445°bins.e.plained a similar amount of variation as models that analyzed angle *** studies ofΦ,es.e.ially those that focus on how different s.e.ies perceive relative orientation,will likely enhance our understanding of its importance in flight decisions.

关键词： antipredator behavior escape behavior escape theory escape trajectory race for life model

AN ACCURATe NUMeRICAL sOLUTION OF A TWO DIMeNsIONAL HeAT TRANs.e. PROBLeM WITH A PARABOLIC BOUNDARY LAYeR

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1998年第1期16卷 27-39页

作者： C.Clavero J.J.H.Miller e.O'Riordan G.I.shishkin Universidad de Zaragoza 西班牙 Trinity College 爱尔兰 Dublin City University 爱尔兰 Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics 俄罗斯

A singularly perturbed linear convection-diffusion problem for heat trans.e. in two dimensions with a parabolic boundary layer is solved numerically The numerical method consists of a s.e.ial piecewise uniform mesh condensing in a neighbourhood of the parabolic layer and a standard finite difference operator satisfying a discrete maximum principle. The numerical computations demonstrate numerically that the method is.e.silon-uniform in the sense that the Fate of convergence and error constant of the method are independent of the singular perturbation parameter epsilon. This means that no matter how small the singular perturbation parameter epsilon is, the numerical method produces solutions with guaranteed accuracy depending solely on the number of mesh points used.

关键词： linear convection-diffusion parabolic layer piecewise uniform mesh finite difference

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Mycosis Fungoides in Iraqi Patients—Clinical, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical study

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Journal of Cos.e.ics, Dermatological sciences and Applications 2015年第2期5卷 116-124页

作者： Hayder R. Al-Hamamy Khalifa e. sharquie Adil A. Noaimi Waqas s. Abdulwahhab scientific Council of Dermatology and Venereology Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations Baghdad Teaching Hospital Medical City Baghdad Iraq scientific Council of Dermatology and Venereology Iraqi and Arab Board for Medical Specializations Department of Dermatology College of Medicine University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq Arab Board for Medical s.e.ializations Department of Dermatology and Venereology Baghdad Teaching Hospital Medical City Baghdad Iraq

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is not an uncommon T-cell lymphoma in Iraqi population which is increasing over years. There are many diagnostic techniques to confirm the diagnosis including histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. Objectives: To evaluate all cases of MF including clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests with CD markers. Patients and Methods: This clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical outpatient based study took place in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from May 2012-september 2013. Twenty five patients with MF were included in the present work. History was obtained from each patient regarding all socio-demographic as.e.ts related to the disease. Also, clinical evaluation was carried out for all patients. Incisional biops.e. for ordinary histopathology and immunohistochemical tests were done. Then staging was carried out depending on TNMB classification for all patients. Results: All cases of MF were confirmed after clinical evaluation, histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age of onset at presentation was 47.45 ± 16.9 years. Itching was found in 84% of cases. The patch stage was s.e. in 36% patients. The hypopigmentaed MF was presented in 12% cases. The lower extremities were s.e. in 80%. Lymph node involvement as a manifestation of the disease was s.e. in 44% cases. The histopathological features of MF went parallel with the clinical stage of disease. Immunohistochemical study aids in the diagnosis of patch and erythrodermic stages. The most patients presented with stage IB (36%). Conclusion: MF s.e.s to be not uncommon problem in Iraqi population and is increasing over years. The disease was diagnosed early commonly with patch stage (stage IB) while hypopigmented MF was not a common variant when compared with neighboring countries.

关键词： Mycosis Fungoides T-Cell Lymphoma Immunohistochemical examination TNMB Classification

Pillararene-based supramolecular sys.e.s for theranostics and bioapplications

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science China Chemistry 2021年第5期64卷 688-700页

作者： Huangtianzhi Zhu Qi Li Laila e.Khalil-Cruz Niveen M.Khashab Guocan Yu Feihe Huang state Key Laboratory of Chemical engineering Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory(sHMs) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

As an emerging type of important macrocycles for supramolecular chemistry,pillararenes and their derivatives have been widely studied and applied in numerous fields,which intensively promotes the development of chemistry,materials science and ***-based theranostic sys.e.s are of s.e.ial interest in the biological and medical areas as they have shown very promising *** to easy preparation,reliable guest affinity,good biocompatibility and stability,pillararenes are frequently used to construct functional *** one hand,pillararenes can either be used individually or form diversiform self-as.e.blies such as micelles,nanoparticles and vesicles to increase water solubility and biocompatibility of *** the other hand,it is promising to modify solid materials like framework materials,silica nanoparticles and graphene oxides with pillararene derivatives to enhance their functions and *** this review,we summarize recent endeavors of pillararene-based supramolecular sys.e.s with theranostics and other biological applications comprising drug delivery/chemotherapy,photodynamic/photothermal therapy,antimicrobials,bioimaging,*** introducing several typical examples,the design principles,preparation strategies,identifications and bio-applications of these pillararene-based supramolecular sys.e.s are *** challenges and directions of this field are also outlined.

关键词： pillararenes self-as.e.bly theranostics drug delivery supra-amphiphiles

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高温气冷堆下联箱热气混合的数值模拟和几何优化

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原子能科学技术 2010年第12期44卷 1457-1463页

作者：王航 e.Laurien 王捷清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院北京100084 斯图加特大学核工程和能源系统研究院德国斯图加特d70569

高温气冷堆下联箱用于混合温度不均的堆芯出口气体。已有研究显示,当前下联箱设计方案的气体混合能力尚待提高,由其导致的压力损失则需进一步降低。本文采用数值模拟方法,并对比实验数据,讨论了适用于下联箱几何优化的网格类型和网格规... 详细信息

高温气冷堆下联箱用于混合温度不均的堆芯出口气体。已有研究显示,当前下联箱设计方案的气体混合能力尚待提高,由其导致的压力损失则需进一步降低。本文采用数值模拟方法,并对比实验数据,讨论了适用于下联箱几何优化的网格类型和网格规模,通过合并原有的肋片状流道以及扩展热气导管起始端,对下联箱的几何形状进行了优化,并通过对比不同优化方案选出了兼具提升气体混合率和减小压力损失的改进方案。本文的研究结果可为高温气冷堆下联箱的改进设计提供参考依据。

关键词：下联箱高温气冷堆混合优化数值模拟

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synthesis and fungicidal activity of some sulphide derivatives of O-phenyl-N-substituted phenylcarbamates

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2011年第3期1卷 122-127页

作者： F. e. Adelowo I. A. O. Ojo O. s. Amuda 不详

Monosulphides of O-phenyl-N-substituted phenylcar- bamates were prepared by the reaction between O- phenyl-N-substituted phenylcarbamates and sulph- ur dichloride while the corresponding disulphides were prepared by the reaction between O-phenyl-N- substituted phenylcarbamates and sulphur monoch- loride. The synthesized compounds were characte-rized by elemental analysis, thin layer chromatogra-phy (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance s.e.troscopic techniques. In vitro fungicidal assay of these sulphides against Fusarium oxysporum, As.e.gillus niger, As.e.gillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer showed that they were more fungicidal than their parent carbamates. The synthesized sulphides were more active towards As-pergillus niger and As.e.gillus flavus. There was little or no variations in the fungicidal activities of the synthesized monosulphides and disulphides of O-phen- yl-N-substituted phenyl carbamates.

关键词： Fungicidal Activity sulphide Derivatives synthesis

electric-controlled tunable thermal switch based on Janus monolayer Mosse

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2483-2489页

作者： Donghai Wei e Zhou Xiong Zheng Huimin Wang Chen s.e. Hongbin Zhang Zhenzhen Qin Guangzhao Qin state Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan University410082ChangshaP.R.China Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano energy Materials&Device and school of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University411105XiangtanHunanChina Institute of Materials science Technical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str.264287DarmstadtGermany school of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University450001ZhengzhouChina

The high-performance,wide-range tunable thermal switches play a significant role in the thermal management,high-power-density intelligent devices.e.ergy sys.e.s,***,traditional thermal switch components,such as thermal diodes,suffer from poor stability,small adjustability,low time efficiency,and difficult ***,we propose the superior electric-controlled thermal switch(eCTs)based on Janus monolayer *** high-effective and asymmetric regulation of the thermal conductivity driven by electric field demonstrates a wide-range adjustable thermal switch ratio,where the peak value reaches 2.09 under the electric field of 0.04 VÅ^(−1).The underlying mechanism is revealed by electronic structures that the interactions between electrons and phonons are renormalized due to the electric field driving charge density redistribution,which ultimately modulates the phonon *** high-efficiency adjustable eCTs component is.e.pected to provide new inspiration for next-generation thermal management and information processing.

关键词： tunable thermal switch

Lower Ionospheric Turbulence Variations during the Intense Tectonic Activity of October, 2018 at Zakynthos Area, Greece

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Open Journal of earthquake Research 2019年第4期8卷 255-266页

作者： Michael e. Contadakis Dimitrios N. Arabelos George s. Vergos.e.manuel M. scordilis Department of Geodesy and surveying Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Geophysics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

In this paper we investigate the ionospheric turbulence from TeC observations before and during the intense seismic activity of October of 2018 at Zakynthos area (λ = 20.51°e, φ = 37°34'N), (Main shock: ML 6.6, 60.6 km sW of Zakynthos). The Total electron Content (TeC) data of 5 Global Positioning sys.e. (GPs) stations of the eUReF network, which are being provided by IONOLAB (Turkey), were analyzed using Discrete Fourier Analysis in order to investigate the TeC variations. The results of this investigation indicate that the High-Frequency limit fo, of the ionospheric turbulence band content, increases as the site and the moment of the earthquake occurrence are approaching, pointing to the earthquake locus. We conclude that the LAIC mechanism through acoustic or gravity wave could explain this phenomenology.

关键词： seismicity Lower Ionosphere Ionospheric Turbulence Brownian Walk

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第四章形态学与解剖学的适应

河南科技大学学报(农学版) 1985年第2期 31-39页

作者： e.s.e.Hafez 赵树科

家畜通过人工的或自然的选择,不断地适应各种变化的环境。因而,在群体和亚群之间或之内存在着基因型和表现型的很大变异性。所有的动物都在形态学方面为适应环境条件而进化;某些动物比其它动物具有更大程度的进化(Heroux,1961;Macfarlan... 详细信息

家畜通过人工的或自然的选择,不断地适应各种变化的环境。因而,在群体和亚群之间或之内存在着基因型和表现型的很大变异性。所有的动物都在形态学方面为适应环境条件而进化;某些动物比其它动物具有更大程度的进化(Heroux,1961;Macfarlane1964)。最突出的是对热环境的结构适应,

关键词：脂肪组织结缔组织动物体表面积形态学解剖学