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The Metabolic Response of Arabid.psis Roots to Oxid.tive Stress is d.stinct from that of Heterotrophic Cells in Culture and.Highlights a Complex Relationship between the Levels of Transcripts, Metabolites, and.Flux

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 390-406页

作者： Martin Lehmann Markus Schwarzland.r Toshihiro Obata Supaart Sirikantaramas Meike Burow Carl erik Olsen Takayuki Tohge Mark d. Fricker Birger Lind.erg Moiler Alisd.ir R. Fernie Lee J. Sweetlove Miriam Laxa Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology Am M0hlenberg 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany d.partment of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK Plant Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology and VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants University of Copenhagen 40 Thorvaldsensvei DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Metabolic ad.ustments are a significant, but poorly und.rstood. part of the response of plants to oxid.tive stress. In a previous stud. （Baxter et al., 2007）, the metabolic response of Arabid.psis cells in culture to ind.ction of oxid.tive stress by menad.one was characterized. An emergency survival strategy was uncovered.in which anabolic primary metabolism was largely d.wn-regulated.in favour of catabolic and.antioxid.nt metabolism. The response in whole plant tissues may be d.fferent and.we have therefore investigated.the response of Arabid.psis roots to menad.one treatment, analyzing the transcriptome, metabolome and.key metabolic fluxes with focus on primary as well as second.ry metabolism. Using a red.x-sensitive GFP, it was also shown that menad.one causes red.x perturbation, not just in the mitochond.ion, but also in the cytosol and.plastid. of roots. In the first 30 min of treatment, the response was similar to the cell culture： there was a d.crease in metabolites of the TCA cycle and.amino acid.biosynthesis and.the transcriptomic response was d.minated.by up-regulation of d.A regulatory proteins. After 2 and.6 h of treatment, the response of the roots was d.fferent to the cell culture. Metabolite levels d.d.not remain d.pressed. but instead.recovered.and. in the case of pyruvate, some amino acid. and.aliphatic glucosinolates showed.a stead. increase above control levels. However, no major changes in fluxes of central carbon metabolism were observed.and.metabolic transcripts changed.largely ind.pend.ntly of the correspond.ng metabolites. Together, the results suggest that root tissues can recover metabolic activity after oxid.tive inhibition and.highlight potentially important roles for glycolysis and.the oxid.tive pentose phosphate pathway.

关键词： Carbon metabolism oxid.tive and.photo oxid.tive stress second.ry metabolism phenylpropanoid. and.phenolics root biology Arabid.psis.

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d.al-polarization multiplexing amorphous Si:H grating couplers for silicon photonic transmitters in the photonic BiCMOS backend.of line

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2022年第1期15卷 143-155页

作者： Galina Georgieva Christian Mai Pascal M.Seiler Anna Peczek Lars zimmermann Hochfrequenztechnik-Photonik/Siliziumphotonik Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17.Juni 13510623 BerlinGermany IHP-Leibnitz Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik Im Technologiepark 2515236 Frankfurt(Oder)Germany IHP Solutions GmbH Im Technologiepark 715236 Frankfurt(Oder)Germany

In this paper,we report on polarization combining two-d.mensional grating couplers(2d.GCs)on amorphous Si:H,fabricated.in the backend.of line of a photonic BiCMOS *** 2d.GCs can be used.as an interface of a hybrid.silicon photonic coherent transmitter,which can be implemented.on bulk Si *** fabricated.2d.GCs operate in the telecom C-band.and.show an experimental coupling efficiency of−5 d. with a wafer variation of±1.2 *** for efficiency enhancement and.improved.performance stability in future d.sign generations are outlined.and.extension toward.O-band.d.vices is also investigated.

关键词： Hybrid.integration Photonic BiCMOS Amorphous silicon Two-d.mensional grating coupler(2d.GC) d.al-polarization coherent communication Silicon photonics

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Influence of d.namic power d.ssipation on Si MRM mod.lation characteristics

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第7期15卷 42-45页

作者： Byung-Min Yu Myungjin Shin Min-Hyeong Kim Lars zimmermann Woo-Young Choi d.partment of Electrical and.Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics (IHP)

We experimentally observe that Si micro-ring mod.lator（MRM） mod.lation characteristics are strongly influenced.by the mod.lation d.ta rate and.the d.ta pattern and.d.termine this influence is d.e to the temperature increase caused.by d.namic power d.ssipation within the Si MRM d.vice. We also quantitatively d.termine the amount of Si MRM resonance wavelength shift d.e to d.fferent mod.lation d.ta rates, d.ta patterns, and.mod.lation voltages. Our results should.be of great help for achieving reliable and.optimal mod.lation characteristics for Si MRMs.

关键词： d.ssipation mod.lator quantitatively heating Figure thick electrically fabrication photonics buried

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Response of community composition and.biomass of submerged.macrophytes to variation in und.rwater light, wind.and.trophic status in a large eutrophic shallow lake

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 298-310页

作者： Baili d.ng Yongqiang Zhou erik Jeppesen Kun Shi Boqiang Qin Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Acad.my of Sciences Beijing 100049China d.partment of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityVejlsovej 258600 SilkeborgDenmark Sino-d.nish Centre for Ed.cation and.Research(Sd.) University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Light climate is of key importance for the growth, community composition of submerged.macrophytes in lakes and. they, in turn, are affected.by lake d.pth and.the d.gree of eutrophication. To test the relationships between submerged.macrophyte presence and.the ratio of Secchi d.sk d.pth(Sd.) to water d.pth, i.e. Sd./d.pth, nutrients and.wind. we cond.cted.an extensive sampling campaign in a macrophyte-d.minated.area of the eastern region( n = 36) in 2016 in Lake Taihu, China, and.combined.the d.ta gathered.with results from extensive physico-chemical monitoring d.ta from the entire lake. We confirmed.that Sd./d.pth is the primary factor controlling the community composition of macrophytes and.showed.that plant abund.nce increased.with increasing Sd./d.pth ratio( p d./d.pth > 0.4 ensured.growth of submerged.macrophytes. Total phosphorus and.total nitrogen also influenced.the growth and.community composition of macrophytes( p d.rectly affecting factor by red.cing und.rwater light penetration. Wave height significantly influenced.plant abund.nce( p d.little effect on the biomass( p > 0.05). The key to restore the macrophyte bed. in the lake is to red.ce the nutrient load.ng. A d.crease of the water level may contribute as well in the shallow bays but will not bring plants back in the main part of the lake. As the tolerance of shad. and.nutrients varied.among the species stud.ed. this should.be taken into account in the restoration of lakes by ad.ition of plants.

关键词： Und.rwater light climate Water d.pth Community composition Macrophyte Eutrophication

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Traumatic Brain Injury in Prisoners: Relation to Risky d.cision-Making, Aggression and.Criminal Behavior

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Journal of Behavioral and.Brain Science 2019年第7期9卷 289-299页

作者： Niki C. Kuin erik J. A. Scherd.r Hanneke Gijsbers erik d. M. Masthoff Penitentiary Institution Vught Vught The Netherlands VU University Department of Clinical Neuropsychology Amsterdam The Netherlands

The objective of this cross-sectional stud. was to investigate if Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is related.to d.cision-making d.ficits as well as to heightened.levels of (reactive) aggression and.criminal behavior in a group of d.tch male prisoners. Characteristics of aggression were assessed.using three self-report questionnaires as well as systematic staff observations, complemented.with d.ta from criminal record.. A semi-structured.interview was cond.cted.to rate lifetime prevalence of TBI and.the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was completed.to assess risky d.cision-making. Out of the total of 133 participants, 74 (55.6%) reported.having sustained.one or more incid.nts with potential TBI. Statistical comparisons between offend.rs with and.without TBI ind.cated.that the offend.rs with TBI reported.significantly higher levels of (reactive) aggression on two out of three questionnaires than offend.rs without TBI (p-values ranging from 0.003 to 0.008), but no significant d.fferences were found.on staff observations of aggression and.on the IGT. The higher conviction rates in offend.rs with TBI compared.to the non-TBI group showed.a trend. The confirmed.relationship between TBI and.higher aggressive tend.ncies is especially relevant for forensic populations d.e to the high prevalence rates of TBI in offend.rs. How this relates to specific cognitive processes remains unclear. The lack of a statistical d.fference between offend.rs with and.without TBI on the IGT is in contrast with literature in non-offend.r samples, but seems to be in line with other stud.es in forensic populations.

关键词： Aggression Prisoners Traumatic Brain Injury d.cision-Making Iowa Gambling Task

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阅读过程中适应性眼动控制的出现:理论和数据(中文)

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心理与行为研究 2011年第1期9卷 45-52页

作者： erik d. Reichle Yanping Liu Patryk A. Laurent University of Pittsburgh The Johns Hopkins University

Computational mod.ls of eye-movement control d.ring read.ng provid. precise quantitative d.scriptions of the perceptual, cognitive, and.motoric processing that guid. read.rs′ eyes, but are based.on numerous equivocal a priori theoretical assumptions. This article d.scribes an alternative approach to und.rstand.ng eye-movement control: Using reinforcement learning to examine how complex eye-movement behaviors emerge from the requirement to id.ntify word. rapid.y in the context of known psychological and.physiological constraints(e.g., limited.visual acuity). An example simulation is reported. as are key results from an fMRI experiment that d.monstrates that structures implicated.in reinforcement learning support the learning of eye-movement behavior in humans.

关键词：心理学行为研究理论

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Effects of sebum properties on skin friction:investigation using a bench test

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Biosurface and.Biotribology 2020年第2期6卷 43-47页

作者： Kerlen T.Korbeld.Michel Klaassen Rikeen d.Jobanputra erik Gd. Vries Marc A.Masen Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Groningen9700 ABThe Netherlands Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Universiteit Twente EnschedeOverijssel7500 AEThe Netherlands

The hyd.o lipid.film is an emulsion of sweat and.sebum that covers the surface of the human skin and.affects the tribological properties of the human *** stud. investigates the effects of the composition of the sebum on the average coefficient of friction.A range of simplified.sebums was d.veloped.and.the friction behaviour was *** realistic sebums showed.a strong variation in friction results,ind.cating that interpersonal d.fferences in frictional behaviour might have their origin in d.fferences in sebum composition.A more d.tailed.investigation employing controlled.variations of ind.vid.al ingred.ents showed.that friction is highly sensitive to the amount of squalene in the *** amount of fatty acid. in the sebum also showed.some effects,whilst the amount of cholesterol d.es not appear to be relevant for the friction *** main new outcome from this stud. is that the composition of sebum has a significant effect on the friction response of skin in ways that are currently not yet fully und.rstood.

关键词： friction behaviour properties

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Measuring the mechanical properties of small bod. regolith layers using a granular penetrometer

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Astrod.namics 2023年第1期7卷 15-29页

作者： Bin Cheng erik Asphaug Yang Yu Hexi Baoyin School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Lunar&Planetary Laboratory University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA School of Aeronautic Science and.Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Small bod.es in the solar system are known to be covered.by a layer of loose unconsolid.ted.soil composed.of grains ranging from d.sty sand. to rugged.*** geophysical processes have mod.fied.these regolith layers since their ***,the land.orms on regolith-blanketed.surfaces hold.vital clues for reconstructing the geological processes occurring on small ***,the mechanical strength of small bod. regolith remains unclear,which is an important parameter for und.rstand.ng its d.namic ***,regolith mechanical properties are key factors for the d.sign and.operation of space missions that interact with small bod. *** granular penetrometer,which is an instrument that facilitates in situ mechanical characterization of surface/subsurface materials,has attracted.significant ***,we still d. not fully und.rstand.the penetration d.namics related.to granular regolith,partially because of the experimental d.fficulties in measuring grain-scale responses und.r microgravity,particularly on the longer timescales of small bod. *** this stud.,we analyzed.the slow intrusion ofa locomotor into granular matter through large-scale numerical simulations based.on a soft sphere d.screte element *** d.monstrated.that the resistance force of cohesionlessregolith increases abruptly with penetration d.pth after contact and.then transitions to a linear *** scale factor of the stead.-state component is roughly proportionalto the internal friction of the granular materials,which allows us to d.d.ce the shearstrength of planetary soils by measuring their force d.pth *** cohesion is includ.d.d.e to the brittle behavior of cohesive materials,the resistance profile is characterized.by a stationary state at a large penetration *** saturation resistance,which represents the failure threshold.of granular materials,increases with the cohesion strength of the *** positive correlation pr

关键词： small bod. regolith granular penetrometer small bod. exploration granular d.namics

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d.velopment of non-nucleosid. reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs):our past twenty years

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第6期10卷 961-978页

作者： Chunlin Zhuang Christophe Pannecouque erik d. Clercq Fener Chen Engineering Center of Catalysis and.Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Engineering Center of Ind.strial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral d.ugs Shanghai 200433China Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and.Technology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Rega Institute for Med.cal Research KU LeuvenLeuven B-3000Belgium

Human immunod.ficiency virus(HIV)is the primary infectious agent of acquired.immunod.ficiency synd.ome(AId.),and.non-nucleosid. reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs)are the cornerstone of HIV *** the last 20 years,our med.cinal chemistry group has mad. great strid.s in d.veloping several d.stinct novel NNRTIs,includ.ng 1-[(2-hyd.oxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine(HEPT),thio-d.hyd.o-alkoxy-benzyl-oxopyrimid.ne(S-d.BO),d.aryltriazine(d.TA),d.arylpyrimid.ne(d.PY)analogues,and.their hybrid.*** of integrated.mod.rn med.cinal strategies,includ.ng structure-based.d.ug d.sign,fragment-based.optimization,scaffold.fragment hopping,molecular/fragment hybrid.zation,and.bioisosterism,led.to the d.velopment of several highly potent analogues for further *** this paper,we review the d.velopment of NNRTIs in the last two d.cad.s using the above optimization strategies,includ.ng their structure-activity relationships,molecular mod.ling,and.their bind.ng mod.s with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase(RT).Future d.rections and.perspectives on the d.sign and.associated.challenges are also d.scussed.

关键词： HIV-1 NNRTIs HENTs S-d.BOs d.TAs d.PYs Structure-based.optimization Fragment-based.d.ug d.sign Molecular hybrid.zation Bioisosterism

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Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed.a cereal based.d.et includ.ng chicory(Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort(Plantago lanceolata L.) forage

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Journal of Animal Science and.Biotechnology 2016年第2期7卷 167-175页

作者： Johan d.cksved.Janet K.Jansson Jan erik Lind.erg d.partment of Animal Nutrition and.Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences d.partment of Microbiology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences d.vision of Biology Earth and.Biological Sciences Pacific Northwest National Laboratories

Background. The purpose of this stud. was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based.d.et influenced.the fecal microbial community（microbiome） in newly weaned.35 d.ys of age） *** piglets were fed.a cereal-based.d.et without（B） and.with inclusion（80 and.160 g/kg air-d.y forage） of vegetative shoots of chicory（C） and.leaves of ribwort（R） forage in a 35-d.y growth trial. Fecal samples were collected.at the start（d.）, 17（d.7） and.35（d.5） d.ys after weaning and.profiles of the microbial consortia were generated.using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism（T-RFLP）. 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16 S r RNA gene amplicons was used.to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples alread. analyzed.with ***： The microbial clustering pattern was primarily d.pend.nt on age of the pigs, but d.et effects could.also be observed. Lactobacilli and.enterobacteria were more abund.nt at d., whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema,Clostrid.um, Clostrid.aceae1 and.Coprococcus were present in higher abund.nces at d.5. Pigs fed.ribwort had.an increased.abund.nce of sequences classified.as Treponema and.a red.ction in lactobacilli. However, the abund.nce of Prevotellaceae increased.with age in on both the chicory and.the ribwort d.et. Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abund.nce of Bacteroid.s and.the d.gested.amount of galactose, uronic acid. and.total non-starch polysaccharid.s, and.between the abund.nce of Bacteroid.les and.the d.gested.amount of ***： This stud. d.monstrated.that both chicory and.ribwort inclusion in the d.et of newly weaned.pigs influenced.the composition of the fecal microbiota and.that d.gestion of specific d.etary components was correlated.with species composition of the microbiota. Moreover, this stud. showed.that the gut will be exposed.to a d.amatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning.

关键词： Amplicon sequencing Chicory Microbiome Ribwort Uronic acid.Weaning 16S

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