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Involvement of the Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 in the Virological Treatment Failure of First Line Antiretroviral in Kinshasa

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World Journal of AIDS 2017年第1期7卷 23-33页

作者： erick Ntambwe Kamangu Richard Lunganza Kalala Georges Lelo Mvumbi Dolores Vaira Marie-Pierre Hayette Molecular Biology Unit Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) AIDS Reference Laboratory (ARL) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Université de Liège (CHU-Lg) Liège Belgium Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Université de Liège (CHU-Lg) Liège Belgium

Background: Genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus affects the treatment and the emergence of resistance. Some subtypes would develop resistance more frequently than others. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of virological treatment failure and the involvement of genetic diversity and different mutations in this failure in Kinshasa. Methods: Of the 153 Antiretroviral-naive patients who were included in the cohort, 138 patients have been received for the appointment of the 6th month. Clinical parameters were recorded on individual patient charts. The determination of Viral Load (VL) was done at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Clinical and biological parameters of the 6th month were compared with those taken at baseline of the cohort to determine the evolution of patients under treatment. Results: At the consultation of the 6th month, 138 patients (90.2%) had returned out of the 153 included. Eighty-one (58.7%) patients were women and 57 (41.3%) men. The age of patients is between 18 and 65 with an average of 37 years. Ten deaths (6.5%) and 5 (3.3%) lost have been reported. One hundred twenty-five patients (90.5%) were in clinical stage 3 and 13 (9.5%) in clinical stage 4. The median CD4 T cells is 560 cells mm3. The median VLs of patients was 0.90 log10 RNA copies/ml. Of the 34 patients in virological failure, 8 (23.5%) are minimal failure, 23 (67.7%) in moderate failure and 3 (8.8%) in severe failure. According to the Pearson’s test, VLs at 6th months were highly correlated with that of inclusion, with V75 and K70 mutations for NRTIs, with V108 mutation for NNRTI well as the virological failure of treatment. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the hypothesis that high Viral Load at the start of the treatment is a poor prognosis for the development of therapy. Transmitted mutations are involved in treatment failure.

关键词： HIV Subtypes Resistance Treatment Failure Kinshasa

Cutaneous leishmaniasis control in Alta Verapaz (northern Guatemala): evaluating current efforts through stakeholders' experiences

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 14-25页

作者： Renata Mendizabal-Cabrera Isabel Perez Victor Becerril Montekio Freddy Perez erick Duran Mei L.Trueba Center for Health Studies(CHS) Universidad del Valle de Guatemala(UVG)18 Avenida 11-95zona 15V.H.3Guatemala CityGuatemala Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica(INSP) CuernavacaMexico Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department Pan American Health OrganizationWashingtonDCUSA. Leishmaniasis Sub-Program National Ministry of Health of GuatemalaGuatemala CityGuatemala Department of Global Health and Infection(GHI) Brighton and Sussex Medical School(BSMS)University of SussexBrightonUK.

Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),endemic in Guatemala,mostly affects poor people living in the northern region.A national control program that ineludes surveillanee,diagnose,and treatment offered free of cost by the Ministry of Health(MoH)has been in place since ***,the incidence is increasing and treatment rates are not optimal,suggesting that current efforts are not being *** study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators of CL control in Guatemala as experienced and perceived by key stakeholders in order to comprehend what works well and does not and suggest evidence-informed ***:The study was conducted in the Coban municipality,the most endemic of Guatemala,situated in the Department of Alta *** were collected during May and June 2019 via focus groups and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders,including local and national health personnel and residents of four communities of the endemic *** and content analysis of the collected data was conducted using ***:Three overarching issues hamper the effectiveness of current CL efforts:resource scarcity,treatment challenges,and knowledge-action *** economic resources from the MoH and community residents negatively impact incidence,detection of cases and treatment rates in that preventive action is insufficient and healthcare access is *** addition,local health workers often lack specialized CL training and access to the national CL control *** regards to the population living in the study area,misunderstanding of disease causation,shame associated with CL lesions,treatment pain fear,and long(often uncertain)waiting times for diagnose and treatment negatively affect people's willingness to seek help,treatment adherence,and their trust on the healthcare ***:Culturally sensitive CL preventive action must be *** the scarce economic resources available for CL control in the country,the

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis Control effort Qualitative evaluation Stakeholders'experiences Alta Verapaz Guatemala

Disinfection of Primary Municipal Wastewater Effluents Using Continuous UV and Ozone Treatment

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第1期6卷 16-21页

作者： Yaneth Bustos Mabel Vaca Raymundo López erick Bandala Luis Torres Neftalí Rojas-Valencia Departamento de Energía Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco México Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental Universidad de las Américas Puebla. Sta. Catarina Mártir Cholula México Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología Instituto Politécnico Nacional México D. F. México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ingeniería Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental México D. F. México

UV radiation and ozonation were investigated as disinfection alternatives for the wastewater treatment plant. The inactivation of total and fecal coliforms using ozone and ultraviolet radiation as separate treatments was evaluated. Different ozone concentrations (3 to 40 mg O3/L) were applied and UV fluencies ranging from 8.5 to 12 mJ/cm2 at different pH values (from 5 to 9) were tested. Best results were obtained for ozone doses near 20 mg/min with removals of 72% and 78% of fecal and total coliforms, respectively. The ozone also was capable of oxidizing organic matter in the effluent measured as COD (the highest removal obtained was 36% for 20 mg O3/min). Maximum bacterial resistance was observed at pH 7 in both cases. The UV light offered a high bacterial inactivation (over 80%) and the lowest bacterial inactivation was observed at pH 7. Finally, we obtained the electric energy per order (EEO, kWh/m3/order), defined as the electric energy (kW-h) required to degrade a contaminant by one order of magnitude in a unit volume of contaminated water, being noteworthy that EEO values for the UV process resulted were lower than those determined for the process with ozone in all the water flow tested.

关键词： Disinfection Ozone Treatment UV Treatment Wastewater

Genome-wide identification and analysis of the CNGC gene family in upland cotton under multiple stress conditions

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棉花研究(英文) 2023年第3期6卷 195-208页

作者： KIRUNGU Joy Nyangasi MAGWANGA Richard Odongo SHIRAKU Margaret Linyerera OKUTO erick CAI Xiaoyan XU Yanchao HOU Yuqing AGONG' Stephen Gaya WANG Kunbo WANG Yuhong ZHOU Zhongli LIU Fang State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science(ICR-CAAS)AnyangHenan 455000China School of Biological PhysicalMathematics and Actuarial Sciences(SBPMAS)Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology(JOOUST)Bondo210‑40601Kenya School of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China

Background The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(CNGC)gene family plays a significant role in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations,and has a role in enhancing tolerance to various forms of abiotic stresses as well as the modulation of the heavy metal toxicity to plant through the absorption of heavy *** A complete genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton CNGC genes was carried out,in which 55,28,and 29 CNGC genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum,***,and ***,*** protein encoded by the CNGC genes exhibited GRAVY value below zero,indicating their hydrophilic *** genes were unevenly distributed in 19 out of 26 chromosomes,in which the highest density were observed on Ah05,with 8 *** gene coverage was observed among the diploid cotton species,with CNGC genes mapped on all A chromosomes and on 11 out of 13 of D *** majority of CNGC proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum,nucleus,and plasma *** expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)across various forms of abiotic ***,down-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)in CNGCs silenced plants caused the significantly reduced ability to tolerate drought and salt *** CNGCs silenced plants were recorded to have significantly low content of antioxidants but relatively higher content of oxidant,including MDA and H_(2)O_(2).Furthermore,SPAD,CMS(cell membrane stability),ELWL(excised leaf water loss),SDW(shoot dry matter weight),and RDW(root dry matter weight)were all lower in CNGCs silenced plants compared with the wild type *** Significant reduction in antioxidant content and negative effects of physiological and morphological characters in CNGCs silenced plants has revealed the novel role of CNGC genes in enhancing cell integrity under abiotic stress *** results provide vital information

关键词： Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel Abiotic stress Differential expression VIGS-plants Chromosome Tetraploid cotton

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一场华丽的转身

缤纷 2008年第1期 68-75页

作者：美智 erick Saillet TPG

室内建筑师HervéMoreau绝对是一个完美主义者,一位对细节吹毛求疵的人,他在里昂郊外创造出一件绝妙的现代艺术设计作品。将一幢曾经由他设计的房子,改造成了全新的现代风格的智能住宅。

关键词：完美主义者设计方面细节室内建筑工作室房间房子贴面里昂智能住宅

Small-Scale Tomato Cultivators’ Perception on Pesticides Usage and Practices in Buea Cameroon

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Health 2014年第21期6卷 2945-2958页

作者： Tinyami erick Tandi Choi Jae Wook Tumenta Terence Shendeh Eko Alain Eko Chick Ofilia Afoh Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health Korea University Seoul Korea School of Medicine Graduate School of Public Health Korea University Seoul Korea Ministery of Public Health Yaounde Cameroon District Hospital Kumba Cameroon

It has been shown that farmers with limited knowledge of the use and safe handling of pesticides may suffer exposure which results in adverse health effects. In Buea, Cameroon, small-scale tomato farmers commonly use pesticides for pest control. Information was obtained from these tomato farmers to determine the extent and types of their pesticide use, their knowledge of pesticide use and effectiveness, and their perception of potential harm resulting from pesticide use. A standardized questionnaire, interviews, field observations and an analytical ranking game were used to describe the pesticide use of 93 tomato farmers. Many farmers (47.6%) used pyrethiod and organophosphorus insecticides and identified these chemicals as the most effective in pesticide control;these are WHO Class II pesticides which are the most hazardous to humans. Most farmers (83.8%) used knapsack sprayers to apply pesticides, with 76.3% using no or partial personal protective equipment (PPE). It was notable that 55.5% of farmers expressed no concern regarding the wind direction (pesticide drift) during spraying. The results showed a significant association between the method of pesticides application and farm size (P < 0.001). Most farmers (85.0%) reported at least one symptom of acute pesticide poisoning following spraying. This study revealed that the tomato farmers have a high exposure to pesticides secondary to inadequate knowledge of the safe and judicious use of pesticides. Strategies that provide training on the appropriate use of pesticides, how to reduce exposure to and health risks of pesticides and alternative options of pest management and control are required. The study also raised concerns that further control of the sale and distribution of pesticides may be indicated.

关键词： Small-Scale Farming Tomato Cultivation Pesticides Poisoning Cameroon

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禅意LOFT

缤纷 2006年第11期 62-69页

作者：菲菲 erick Saillet TPG

想到Dovy Elamlan．会立刻会联想起Giacometti的一尊塑像:瘦瘦高高．教养良好,个性出众．“我的设计生涯始于1988年．那时我设计了位于圣·埃铁尔市(St- Etienne)的Pato vapor商店．就是我的第一件作品．”他解释道．Fosses路上的商店... 详细信息

想到Dovy Elamlan．会立刻会联想起Giacometti的一尊塑像:瘦瘦高高．教养良好,个性出众．“我的设计生涯始于1988年．那时我设计了位于圣·埃铁尔市(St- Etienne)的Pato vapor商店．就是我的第一件作品．”他解释道．Fosses路上的商店后来成了他设计的通行证．也正因为这件作品．

关键词：禅意设计师设计生涯室内空间作品平方米卫生间个性改造获得

透明的心脏荷兰乌得勒支大学AA Hijmans van den Bergh生物医学院

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室内设计与装修 2008年第5期 70-75页

作者： erick Van Egeraat 焦阳

从1995年开始，荷兰的乌得勒支大学（Utrecht University，简称UU）委托O.M．A．承担校园规划项目，自那以后又曾邀请多位知名的荷兰建筑师来参与乌得勒支大学De Uithof校区的建设。本案为AA Hijmans van den Berah生物医学院，是UU最... 详细信息

从1995年开始，荷兰的乌得勒支大学（Utrecht University，简称UU）委托O.M．A．承担校园规划项目，自那以后又曾邀请多位知名的荷兰建筑师来参与乌得勒支大学De Uithof校区的建设。本案为AA Hijmans van den Berah生物医学院，是UU最新建成的教学楼之一，它的操刀者是荷兰著名设计师erick Van Egeraat。该项目还获得了2007年Rietveldprijs建筑奖。

关键词：校园规划建筑师荷兰乌得勒支大学

Computational Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Simulation of a Radiant Off-Gases Cooling System for Copper Smelting in a Pierce Smith Converter

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International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application 2014年第5期3卷 236-247页

作者： Yerko Aguilera-Carvajal Sebastián Pérez-Cortés Juan Hurtado-Cruz erick Morales-Quezada Faculty of Engineering University of Santiago Santiago Chile ESSS Chile Santiago Chile

In copper sulfide concentrates smelting, the off-gases from the Pierce Smith converter (PSC) furnace must be treated to prevent environmental impacts as they are highly corrosive and toxic. The purpose of this research project is to present a methodology for the simulation of a capture and cooling system of the smelting off-gases from a Pierce Smith copper converter, using computational fluid dynamics. Through this methodology, it is possible to obtain a simulation model of the smelting off-gases behavior with an average error of 9.88%. Basically, it demonstrates that the simulated tendencies of the metallurgical off-gases on the cooling hood and chamber can be reliable to predict the thermo-fluid dynamic behavior of the off-gases inside the studied off-gases handling system.

关键词： Capture Hood Radiant Cooling System Copper Sulfide Smelting Off-Gases Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation