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Limb symmetry index in competitive alpine ski racers:Reference values and injury risk identification according to age-related performance levels

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 405-415页

作者： Lisa Steidl-müller Carolin Hildebrandt erich müiller Christian Fink Christian Raschner Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology University of SalzburgSalzburg 5400Austria Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports medicine and Injury Prevention Institute of Psychology(ISA GJThe Health&Life Sciences University(UMIT)Innsbruck 6020Austria Gelenkpunkt-Sports and Joint Surgery Innsbruck 6020Austria

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess differences of limb symmetry index(LSI) in strength-and coordination-related tasks between high-level, competitive, noninjured ski racers of different age-related performance levels and to prospectively assess limb differences as a possible risk factor for traumatic and overuse injury in youth ski ***: The study(Study 1) included 285 high-level competitive ski racers(125 females, 160 males) of 3 age-related performance levels and based on the school system: 95 youth(10à14 years, secondary modern school), 107 adolescent(15à19 years, grammar school), and 83 elite athletes(20à34 years). To investigate the second aim(Study 2), 67 of the 95 youth athletes were included and any traumatic or overuse injuries were prospectively recorded over 2 seasons. All athletes performed 4 unilateral tests(strength related: one-leg counter movement jump(OL-CmJ) and one-leg isometric/isokinetic press strength test(OL-ILS); coordination related: one-leg stability test(OL-ST) and one-leg speedy jump test(OL-SJ)). The LSI was calculated by dividing the dominant leg by the nondominant leg and multiplying by 100. Kruskal-Wallis H tests and binary logistic regression analyses were ***: There were significant differences between the LSI of the 3 age-related performance-level groups only in the strength-related tests: the OL-CmJ(x2(2, 285) = 9.09; p = 0.01) and the OL-ILS(x2(2, 285) = 14.79; p matic injury in youth ski racers(Wald = 7.08; p mb differences of ms to be appropriate for elite athletes, but for youth and adolescent athletes it has to be critically discussed. It seems to be necessary to define thresholds based o

关键词：年龄相关风险因素滑雪损害竞争大规模集成电路性能索引

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“When you’re down, stay down”:A lesson for all competitive alpine skiers supported by an ACL rupture measured in vivo

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 14-20页

作者： Jörg Spöorri erich müller Josef Kröoll Sports medical Research Group Department of OrthopaedicsBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurich 8008Switzerland University Centre for Prevention and Sports medicine Department of OrthopaedicsBalgrist University HospitalUniversity of ZurichZurich 8008Switzerland Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology University of SalzburgHallein-Ri 5400Austria

Background:During an experiment,a ski racer equipped with various measurement devices suffered an anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)rupture in his right *** aim of this study was to describe the underlying injury mechanism from a functional ***:Eight giant slalom turns(i.e.,4 left turns),followed by 1 left turn at which the ACL injury occurred,were recorded by 2 video cameras,electromyography of 4 relevant muscle groups,inertial measurement units to measure knee and hip angles,and pressure insoles to determine ground reaction ***:Due to a loss of balance,the ski racer began to slide sideways at the apex of a left *** sliding,his right(outside)leg was actively abducted upward without touching the *** ski racer then attempted to stand up again by dropping his leg back towards the snow *** end of this dropping was accompanied by a decrease in electromyographic activity in the knee stabilizing *** the inside edge of the outer ski caught the snow surface,a rapidly increasing peak force,knee flexion,and an aggressive sudden activation of the vastus medialis muscle were observed,while biceps femoris and rectus femoris further decreased their activation *** likely resulted in excessive anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur,causing damage to the ***:Our example emphasizes that ski racers should not get up until they stop ***:“When you’re down,stay down.”

关键词： Alpine skiing Athletes Injury mechanism Injury prevention Knee injuries

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Strength, deformability and permeability of kakiritic rocks from the Gotthard base tunnel

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第9期15卷 2224-2237页

作者： martin Vogelhuber erich Pimentel Georgios Anagnostou ETH Zurich ZurichSwitzerland

The 57-km long,new Gotthard Base Tunnel(GBT)crosses over a 1.1-km long stretch containing kakirites,*** rocks which,depending on the degree of tectonisation,may exhibit severe squeezing behaviour upon tunnel *** tunnel stretch was already identified as a key problem in the early planning phase,necessitating intensive geological exploration and laboratory investigations over a 14-year period,including research and development in experimental *** laboratory investigations for the GBT provided not only a considerable amount of data about the geotechnical parameters of the kakirites,but also valuable information about their basic behaviour and the adequacy of various testing techniques for this type of ***,by using specially designed testing equipment and procedures,it was shown that,(1)conventional rock mechanics triaxial tests cannot provide reliable results for kakirites;(2)the kakirites obey the principle of effective stress in Terzaghi’s classical form and consequently it is indispensable to measure the pore pressure during triaxial testing,analogously to the consolidated drained(CD)and consolidated undrained(CU)tests in soil mechanics;(3)the effects of a possible loss of water and desaturation during sampling,transport,storage and preparation of specimens can be successfully mitigated by subjecting the specimens to flow-through before the actual triaxial testing;and,(4)CD tests on partially saturated specimens that are obtained by means of flow-through can provide reliable and reproducible *** saves a significant amount of time,allows a greater number of tests to be performed,and allows results to be obtained more quickly,which is particularly important for decision-making during tunnel advance.

关键词： Squeezing Pore pressure Triaxial testing

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Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games:Commitments to science and public health

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 1-2页

作者： Yu Liu Barbara E.Ainsworth erich müller Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of ministry of Education Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Barbara E.Ainsworth Guest Editor School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology University of SalzburgSalzburg5400Austria

The Beijing 24th 2022 Winter Olympic Games present a unique opportunity to promote the spirit and values of the Olympic Games in relation to their impact on physical activity and global health,sports medicine,and sports *** 2022 Winter Olympic Games mark the 98th year since the first Winter Games were held in Chamonix,France,in *** inaugural Winter Olympic Games sponsored 16 events,and 250 athletes from 16 nations participated.1 In contrast,the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games will sponsor 109 events.

关键词： Winter Games sports

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基于山地测量法的程序化地形生成算法的研究与实现

基于山地测量法的程序化地形生成算法的研究与实现

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作者： erich Lamontagne 四川大学

学位级别：硕士

大规模高质量地生成逼真的地形,是游戏、元宇宙等应用的关键技术之一。噪声函数作为被广泛使用的一种程序化地形生成技术,通过叠加多组噪声函数的方式,来帮助开发人员快速地创建地形,建立数字虚拟世界的基本面貌。但这种构造地形的方式... 详细信息

大规模高质量地生成逼真的地形,是游戏、元宇宙等应用的关键技术之一。噪声函数作为被广泛使用的一种程序化地形生成技术,通过叠加多组噪声函数的方式,来帮助开发人员快速地创建地形,建立数字虚拟世界的基本面貌。但这种构造地形的方式,往往需要仔细调整多层噪声函数的参数,才能生成视觉上合理的地形。此外,通过噪声函数来生成地形,也很难控制生成地形的特征以及编辑地形生成的结果。另一方面,山地测量法为分析现实世界中的地形提供了一套统计工具。它通过定义鞍座、突出度、隔离度等一系列特征,能够用一种稀疏方式,来描述地形的宏观特征。但是通过山地测量法来生成地形,又不能满足无限生成地形这一要求。本文尝试将山地测量法应用到程序化地形生成中,用来解决基于噪声函数地形生成中的问题。在20个不同区域的真实山峰的地形测量数据的基础上,本论文提出并实现了一个利用山峰隔离度将山峰放在有限网格上的解决方案。山峰通过最小生成树连接,在连接的山峰之间产生山鞍。山鞍的位置和高度由山地测量数据调整。山峰之间的山脊是用贝塞尔曲线中的鞍座作为控制点来计算的。此外,细胞噪声被调整为在任意点上提供一个连续的高度函数。在内容创作方面,这种噪声算法保留了传统噪声算法的灵活性,如噪声的比例和频率编辑控制,但只用一层本文的噪声就能创造出一个具有非均匀高度的地形环境。本论文回顾和讨论了问题领域,全面审查和评估了地形生成的常见方法,定义了山地测量法中的重要元素。本论文介绍并评估了用于地形生成的山地测量法和内插法方法,将所提方法的结果与常用方法进行了比较,根据效率和效果对结果进行了评估。其结果是一个考虑到但不严格遵守山地测量法特征的噪声函数。这种基于实例的方法仅用一层就能产生具有山脊、不均匀的山峰、域内特征密度不一致的地形。不同于以前的地形分析方法,它可以随时与其他噪声算法配合使用,生成多样化的地形。它比以前的山地测量法的方法更快,给出的结果比标准的基于噪声的地形更可信。

关键词：程序化地形生成山地测量法噪声函数实时地形生成无限程序地形

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Perceptions of trust and power are associated with tax compliance:A cross-cultural study

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Economic and Political Studies 2023年第3期11卷 365-381页

作者： Christoph Kogler Jerome Olsen erich Kirchler Larissa m.Batrancea Anca Nichita Department of Social Psychology School of Social and Behavioural SciencesTilburg UniversityTilburgThe Netherlands max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods BonnGermany Department of Occupational Economic and Social PsychologyFaculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria Institute for Advanced Studies(IHS) ViennaAustria Department of Business Babes¸-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania Department of Business Administration and marketing Faculty of EconomicsUniversity of Alba IuliaAlba IuliaRomania

The slippery slope framework(SSF)of tax compliance postulates that taxpayers’compliance behaviour depends on the two dimensions:trust in authorities and power of *** an attempt to overcome common-method biases,the present study tests the main assumptions of the SSF with a sample of 44 countries/***/region-level trust and power indices are calculated based on experimental data involving 14,509 participants and related to shadow economy estimates and–as an alternative indicator of non-compliance–corruption *** results indicate that both trust and power are negatively related to the size of the shadow economy and the extent of *** results emphasise the importance of both SSF dimensions in combating tax evasion and counterproductive behaviour within a society in general.

关键词： Trust power shadow economy corruption tax compliance tax evasion

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Declaring income versus declaring taxes in tax compliance experiments:Does the design of laboratory experiments affect the results?

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Economic and Political Studies 2023年第3期11卷 334-349页

作者： Stephan muehlbacher Andre Hartmann erich Kirchler James Alm Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria Department of Occupational Economic and Social PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria Institute for Advanced Studies ViennaAustria Department of Economics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA

Laboratory experiments are frequently criticised,in part because of the sensitivity of the results to specific features of the *** paper addresses an important question regarding the key aspect of the experimental environment:How should the dependent variable–participants’choices–be operationalised?For the specific context of laboratory research on income tax compliance,we compare the effects of the two most common operationalisation types:the declaration of gross income versus the declaration of tax *** is found that compliance is higher when participants indicate their tax payment than when they declare their *** is also discovered that the effects of the three policy parameters of the economic model(the tax rate,audit probability and fine rate)are stronger when participants declare their taxes than when they declare their *** results are relevant for interpreting prior and future experimental evidence on tax compliance and can explain some contradictory previous *** broadly,this study suggests that the results of laboratory experiments may depend on specific features of the experimental design,which proposes a strong need for more systematic methodological research.

关键词： Laboratory experiments experimental design tax compliance tax rate audit probability fine rate

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Using coalgebras and the Giry monad for interpreting game logics a tutorial

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2017年第6期11卷 948-970页

作者： Ernst-erich DOBERKAT math++ Software Bochum 44879 Germany

The stochastic interpretation of Parikh＇s game logic should not follow the usual pattern of Kripke models, which in turn are based on the Kleisli morphisms for the Giry monad, rather, a specific and more general approach to proba- bilistic nondeterminism is required. We outline this approach together with its probabilistic and measure theoretic basis, in- troducing in a leisurely pace the Giry monad and its Kleisli morphisms together with important techniques for manipu- lating them. Proof establishing specific techniques are given, and pointers to the extant literature are provided. After working through this tutorial, the reader should find it easier to follow the original literature in this and related areas, and it should be possible for her or him to appreciate measure theoretic arguments for original work in the areas of markov transition systems, and stochastic effectivity func- tions.

关键词： coalgebras modal logics monads Giry monad,upper closed monad composition of monads game logics

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Performance and safety in elite skiing sports:A big challenge on specificity,individuality,and complexity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 379-380页

作者： erich müller Yu Liu Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology University of SalzburgSalzburg A-5020Austria Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of ministry of Education Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Winter sports, including those with a focus on gliding with skis on snow, have become extremely complex in the last few decades. During the Olympic Games held in Pyeongchang,

关键词：滑雪运动复杂性特性安全性能个性冬季运动滑雪板

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Plasma Spray Forming of Nanostructured Composite Coatings

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2002年第3期18卷 287-288页

作者： XianliangJIANG erich.Jordan 等 InstituteofSurfaceandCoatingsTechnology CentralSouthUniversityChangsha410083China InstituteofmatrialsScience UniversityofConnecticutStorrsCT06269USA

The nanostructured composite coating is obtained via plasma spraying with Al2O3-13 wt pct TiO2 powder. Brittle and hard lamellae result from melted nanostructured powders. The ductile nanostructured matrix forms from unmelted nanostructured particles. Through the adjustment of constituent and nanostructure, hardness/strength and toughness/ductility can be balanced and the overall properties of the nanostructured composite coating can be achieved.

关键词： Plasma spray forming Nanostructured coating mechanical Property

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