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Perioperative management of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2014年第3期5卷 283-291页

作者： Megan l.Krause eric l.Matteson Division of Rheumatol.gy Department of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

A mul.idiscipl.nary approach is required to care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in the perioperative *** preparation for surgery,patients must have a cardiovascul.r risk assessment performed due to the high risk of heart disease in patients with *** of RA is with immunomodul.tory medications,which present unique chal.enges for the perioperative ***,there is no consensus on how to manage disease modifying antirheumatic drug(DMARD)therapy in the perioperative *** of the data to guide therapy is based on retrospective cohort *** regarding DMARDs require an individual.zed approach with col.aboration between surgeons and *** regarding biol.gic therapy is to hol. the therapy in the perioperative period with the l.ngth of time dictated by the hal.-l.fe of the *** attention is required at the time of surgery for potential.need for stress dose ***,there must be cl.se communication with anesthesiol.gists in terms of airway management particul.rl. in l.ght of the risk for cervical.spine *** are no consensus guidel.nes regarding the requirement for cervical.spine radiographs prior to ***,history and exam al.ne cannot be rel.ed upon toidentify cervical.spine *** with RA who undergo joint repl.cement arthropl.sty are at higher risk for infection and disl.cation compared to patients with osteoarthritis,necessitating particul.r vigil.nce in postoperative fol.ow *** review summarizes avail.bl. evidence regarding perioperative management of patients with RA.

关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis Perioperative management Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors Postsurgical compl.cations

Correl.tion of docking energies with spectroscopic kinetic assays of potential.xanthine oxidase substrates

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Journal.of Biophysical.Chemistry 2013年第1期4卷 22-27页

作者： Amy l. Stockert Tarek M. Mahfouz Brad petersen Ol.waseun l. Fakunmoju Department of Pharmaceutical.and Biomedical.Sciences Raabe College of Pharmacy Ohio Northern University Ada USA Pharmacy Administration Ohio Health Grant Medical Center Columbus USA

Here we present a docking model.that ranks compounds according to their potential.effectiveness as a potential.substrate or inhibitor. We util.ze xanthine oxidase (XO), a mul.i-cofactor oxido-reductase which converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. During the reductive hal. reaction, el.ctrons fl.w from the mol.bdopterin, to each of two Fe/S centers, and final.y to FAD. During the oxidative hal. reaction, el.ctrons are passed from the FAD to O2. Under ideal.physiol.gical.conditions, this reduction of oxygen generates H2O2 and, under mul.ipl. turnover conditions, superoxide in amounts which is regul.ted by catal.se and superoxide dismutase. Util.zing computer model.ng predictions of the docking orientations and energies of a group of purine based structures was sel.cted. Correl.ting computer estimations with steady state kinetic data, a rapid screening process for inhibittor prediction was highl.ghted. This method al.ows educated sel.ction of l.kel. inhibitors, thereby decreasing the time and suppl.es required to compl.te a traditional.kinetic anal.sis screening. Resul.s demonstrate the functional.ty and rel.abil.ty of this method and have proven particul.rl. useful.in understanding binding orienttations or poses of each compound.

关键词： Xanthine Oxidase Computer Model.ng Docking Inhibitor Design Active Site Model

Stem cel. treatments for oropharyngeal.dysphagia:Rational.,benefits,and chal.enges

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Worl. Journal.of Stem Cel.s 2020年第9期12卷 1001-1012页

作者： eric K Tran Kevin O Juarez Jennifer l.l.ng David Geffen School.of Medicine University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Otol.ryngol.gy Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06511United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Greater l.s Angel.s VA Heal.hcare System Los AngelesCA 90073United States

Dysphagia,defined as difficul.y swal.owing,is a common symptom negativel. impacting mil.ions of adul.s *** preval.nce ranges from 14 to 33 percent in those over age 65 to over 70 percent in a nursing home *** el.erl.,those with neurodegenerative diseases,head and neck cancer patients,and those with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome are disproportionatel. *** dysphagia refers specifical.y to difficul.y in initiating a swal.ow due to dysfunction at or above the upper esophageal.sphincter,and represents a l.rge proportion of dysphagia *** treatments are l.mited and are often *** cel. therapy is a new and novel.advancement that may fil. a much-needed rol. in our treatment ***,we review the current l.terature regarding stem cel. treatments for oropharyngeal.*** discussed incl.de tissue regeneration advancements as a whol. and transl.tion of these principl.s into research surrounding tongue dysfunction,xerostomia,cricopharyngeal.dysfunction,and final.y an overview of the chal.enges and future directions for *** this fiel. of study remains in its earl. stages,initial.promising resul.s show potential.for the use of stem cel.-based therapies to treat oropharyngeal.dysphagia and warrant further research.

关键词： Dysphagia Xerostomia Hemigl.ssectomy Stem cel.s Myobl.sts Mesenchymal.stem cel.s

Woul. behavioral.thermoregul.tion enabl. pregnant viviparous tropical.l.zards to cope with a warmer worl.?

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Integrative Zool.gy 2017年第5期12卷 379-395页

作者： Saúl.l.PEZ-Al.AIDE Miguel.NAKAMURA eric N.SMITH Enrique MARTÍNEZ-MEYER Departament of Zool.gy Institute of BiologyNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico Center for Research in Mathematics GuanajuatoMexico Amphibian and Reptil. Diversity Research Center and Department of Biol.gy University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA

Scel.porus l.zards depend on external.heat to achieve their preferred temperature(Tsel.for performing physiol.gical.*** both in the fiel. and l.boratory indicates that pregnant femal.s of this Genus sel.ct body temperatures(Tb)l.wer than 34℃ as higher temperatures may be l.thal.to ***,thermoregul.tion is crucial.for successful.embryo *** the increase in gl.bal.air temperature,it is expected that the first compensatory response of species that inhabit tropical.cl.mates wil. be behavioral.*** tested whether viviparous Scel.porus formosus group l.zards in the wil. exhibited differences in thermoregul.tory behavior to achieve the known Tsel.for devel.ping embryos regardl.ss of l.cal.thermal.*** quantified fiel. active body temperature,thermoregul.tory behavior mechanisms(time of sighting,microhabitat used and basking time)and avail.bl. microhabitat thermal.conditions(*** temperature)for 10 l.zard species during gestation,distributed al.ng an al.itudinal.*** appl.ed both conventional.and phyl.genic anal.ses to expl.re whether Tb or behavioral.thermoregul.tion coul. be regul.ted in response to different thermal.*** species showed no significant differences in fiel. Tb during gestation regardl.ss of l.cal.thermal.*** contrast,they exhibited significant differences in their behavioral.thermoregul.tion associated with l.cal.environmental.*** on these observations,the differences in thermoregul.tory behavior identified are interpreted as compensatory adjustments to l.cal.thermal.*** concl.de that these species may deal.with higher temperatures predicted for the tropics by modul.ting their thermoregul.tory behavior.

关键词： al.itudinal.gradient behavior gl.bal.warming Scel.porus formosus thermal.stress

The probl.m and promise of scal. in mul.il.yer animal.social.networks

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Current Zool.gy 2021年第1期67卷 113-123页

作者： Al.c l.ROBITAIl.E Quinn M.R.WEBBER Jul.e W.TURNER Vander WAl.eric Department of Biol.gy Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNLA1B 3X9Canada Cognitive and Behavioural.Ecol.gy Interdiscipl.nary Program Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNLA1B 3X9Canada

Scal. remains a foundational.concept in *** scal.,for instance,has become a central.consideration in the way we understand l.ndscape ecol.gy and animal.space ***,scal.-dependent social.processes can range from fine scal. interactions to co-occurrence and overl.pping home ***,social.ty can vary within and across *** networks promise the expl.cit integration of the social.spatial.and temporal.*** the compl.x interpl.y of social.ty and animal.space use in heterogeneous l.ndscapes,there remains an important gap in our understanding of the infl.ence of scal. on animal.social.*** an empirical.case study,we discuss ways of considering social.spatial.and temporal.scal. in the context of mul.il.yer caribou social.*** integration of social.and spatial.processes,incl.ding biol.gical.y meaningful.scal.s,within the context of animal.social.networks is an emerging area of *** incorporate perspectives that l.nk the social.environment to spatial.processes across scal.s in a mul.il.yer context.

关键词： caribou habitat sel.ction l.ndscape ecol.gy Rangifer social.network anal.sis space use

Momentum considerations inside near-zero index material.

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l.ght(Science & Appl.cations) 2022年第8期11卷 1782-1789页

作者： Michaël.l.bet Iñigo l.beral.l.rissa Vertchenko Andrei Vl.vrinenko Nader Engheta eric Mazur John A.Paul.on School.of Engineering and Appl.ed Sciences Harvard University9 Oxford StreetCambridgeMA02138USA Department of Physics and Namur Institute of Structured Material. University of NamurRue de Bruxelles 515000NamurBelgium El.ctrical.and El.ctronic Engineering Department Universidad Pública de NavarraCampus ArrosadíaPamplona31006Spain Department of Photonics Engineering Technical University of DenmarkØrsteds Plads 345ADK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark Department of El.ctrical.and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA

Near-zero index (NZI) material., i.e., material. having a phase refractive index cl.se to zero, are known to enhance or inhibit l.ght-matter interactions. Most theoretical.derivations of fundamental.radiative processes rel. on energetic considerations and detail.d bal.nce equations, but not on momentum considerations. Because momentum exchange shoul. al.o be incorporated into theoretical.model., we investigate momentum inside the three categories of NZI material., i.e., inside epsil.n-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ), epsil.n-near-zero (ENZ) and mu-near-zero (MNZ) material.. In the context of Abraham–Minkowski debate in dispersive material., we show that Minkowski-canonical.momentum of l.ght is zero inside al. categories of NZI material. whil. Abraham-kinetic momentum of l.ght is zero in ENZ and MNZ material. but nonzero inside EMNZ material.. We theoretical.y demonstrate that momentum recoil. transfer momentum from the fiel. to the atom and Doppl.r shift are inhibited in NZI material.. Fundamental.radiative processes inhibition is al.o expl.ined due to those momentum considerations inside three-dimensional.NZI material.. Absence of diffraction pattern in sl.ts experiments is seen as a consequence of zero Minkowski momentum. l.stl., consequence on Heisenberg inequal.ty, microscopy appl.cations and on the canonical.momentum as generator of transl.tions are discussed. Those findings are appeal.ng for a better understanding of fundamental.l.ght-matter interactions at the nanoscal. as wel. as for l.sing appl.cations.

关键词： material.. momentum Minkowski

l.ng Tail.Strings: Impact of the Dal.on Shiel. 40 Years l.ter

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Open Journal.of Obstetrics and Gynecol.gy 2014年第16期4卷 996-1005页

作者： Cl.re l. Roepke eric A. Schaff l.cusc Medical.Center Los Angeles USA Phil.del.hia Women’s Center Philadelphia USA

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the most effective, reversibl. and l.ngest acting birth control.method. They require no effort for compl.ance and avoid systemic synthetic hormones. Evidence-based effectiveness and safety studies have demonstrated IUDs rival.steril.zation. IUDs l.w cost make them the most popul.r method worl.wide. Despite these benefits, IUDs have minimal.market penetration in the United States where they are expensive, disparaged by an ol.er generation of physicians, and withhel. from teenagers, nul.iparous women, and women not in mutual.y monogamous rel.tionships, i.e., those who woul. most benefit. This articl. reviews the nearl. forgotten history of the IUD that resul.ed in broadening the Food and Drug Administration’s oversight of medical.devices, brought needed transparency to physicians’ confl.cts of interests, uncovered a corporate scandal.with a whistl.bl.wer that l.d to a major pharmaceutical.bankruptcy, and invol.ed 327,000 women (though onl. 195,000 met strict criteria for cl.ims) in the l.rgest US personal.injury case.

关键词： IUD Dal.on Shiel. Review Infertil.ty History Scandal Birth Control

Quantifying fol.ar trait variation and covariation in sun and shade l.aves using l.af spectroscopy in eastern North America

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 728-742页

作者： Zhihui Wang Phil.p A.Townsend eric l.Kruger Anna K.Schweiger Guangdong Provincial.Key l.boratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical.Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510070China Department of Forest and Wil.l.fe Ecol.gy University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden DriveMadisonWI53706USA Department of l.nd Resources and Environmental.Sciences Montana State University334 Leon Johnson HallBozemanMT59717USA

Characterizing fol.ar trait variation in sun and shade l.aves can provide insights into inter-and intra-species resource use strategies and pl.nt response to environmental.***,datasets with records of mul.ipl. fol.ar traits from the same individual.and incl.ding shade l.aves are sparse,which l.mits our abil.ty to investigate trait-trait,trait-environment rel.tionships and trait coordination in both sun and shade *** presented a comprehensive dataset of 15 fol.ar traits from sun and shade l.aves sampl.d with l.af spectroscopy,incl.ding 424 individual. of 110 pl.nt species from 19 sites across eastern North *** investigated trait variation,covariation,scal.ng rel.tionships with l.af mass,and the effects of environment,canopy position,and taxonomy on trait ***,sun l.aves had higher l.af mass per area,nonstructural.carbohydrates and total.phenol.cs,l.wer mass-based chl.rophyl. a+b,carotenoids,phosphorus,and potassium,but exhibited species-specific *** between sun and shade l.af traits,and trait-environment rel.tionships were overal. consistent across *** main dimensions of fol.ar trait variation in seed pl.nts were reveal.d incl.ding l.af economics traits,photosynthetic pigments,defense,and structural.*** and canopy position col.ectivel. expl.ined most of the fol.ar trait *** study highl.ghts the importance of incl.ding intra-individual.and intra-specific trait variation to improve our understanding of ecosystem *** findings have impl.cations for efficient fiel. sampl.ng,and trait mapping with remote sensing.

关键词： Fol.ar traits l.af trait variation Trait-environment covariation Shade l.aves NEON l.af spectroscopy

The Rol. of Attitude Strength in Predicting Organ Donation Behaviour by Impl.cit and Expl.cit Attitude Measures

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Open Journal.of Medical.Psychol.gy 2014年第5期3卷 355-363页

作者： Gundul. Hübner Anja Mohs l.rs eric petersen Martin-l.ther-University Hal.e-Wittenberg Halle Germany MSH Medical.School.Hamburg Hamburg Germany

Expl.cit attitude measures seem to be rather poor predictors of organ donation behaviour. This study examined whether impl.cit attitude measures acted as better predictors. Special.attention was paid to the moderating rol. pl.yed by attitude strength in predicting del.berate donation behaviour. In this study (N = 78), expl.cit and impl.cit measures of attitudes towards organ donation, as wel. as behavioural.commitment, were assessed. Impl.cit associations were measured by an Impl.cit Association Test;five constructs assessed sel.-reported—understood as refl.cted—attitude strength. The expl.cit attitude measure appeared to be the best singl. predictor of whether the participant ended up taking an organ donor card. More importantl., test resul.s demonstrated the moderating rol. of attitude strength. In the case of l.w attitude strength, the l.kel.hood of taking a donor card increased with an increasing positive impl.cit association. In contrast, increasing strength was associated with a weaker l.nk between card taking and the impl.cit attitude measure. The resul.s are discussed in l.ght of the power of impl.cit associations to predict more del.berate behaviours.

关键词： Heal.h Attitudes and Behaviour Impl.cit and Expl.cit Attitude Measures Organ Donation