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Nano-scale coating wear measurement by introducing Raman-sensing underlayer

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第1期96卷 285-294页

作者： Nan Xu Chun Wang Liuquan Yang eric Kumi Barimah Gin Jose Anne Neville Ardian Morina Institute of Functional Surfaces School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom School of Chemical and Process engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom

For gaining fundamental insight into coating wear mechanisms and increasing operational efficiency and automation degree of equipment in important application fields of coating techniques,it is of great importance to developing novel wear measurement techniques enabling nanoscale studies of coating wear in the running process,but this remains a significant ***,a facile strategy is reported to achieve accurate coating thickness quantification at nanoscale level,which is based on a bilayer structure:a top target layer of a-C:H(hydrogenated amorphous carbon)film is considered as a light attenuating and anti-wear layer while underlayer of silicon serves as Raman-sensing *** constructing the relationship between the thickness of a-C:H and Raman intensity of attenuated silicon signal,the coating thickness quantification method is established and successfully applied to quantify coating wear in the friction *** approach can effectively avoid remarkable errors caused by tribo-induced effects in the interface regions,demonstrating its advantage in error *** about these tribo-induced effects are also elucidated by a combination of Raman spectroscopy,optical profilometer,eeLS,and *** particular,the proposed approach enables the possibility of measuring coating wear with oil film on top,which breaks an important limitation of existed wear measurement methods,i.e.,incapable of applying in oil-lubricated *** approach can be used to quantify the wear condition of diverse target coatings and has the potential of online wear monitoring when combining a compact laser excitation and detection system.

关键词： Coating Wear measurement Raman Layered structure Nanoscale

Indoor tanning bed use and risk of food addiction based on the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2017年第1期31卷 31-39页

作者： Wen-Qing Li John e.McGeary eunyoung Cho Alan Flint Shaowei Wu Alberto Ascherio eric Rimm Alison Field Abrar A.Qureshi Department of Dermatology Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI02903 United States Department of epidemiology School of Public Health Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States Providence VA Medical Center Providence RI 02908 United States Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women＇s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 United States Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 United States Department of epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 United States Department of Occupational and environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100083 China Division of Adolescent Medicine Boston Children＇s Hospital Boston MA 02115 United States Department of Dermatology Rhode Island Hospital Providence RI 02903 United States

The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some *** aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning,which we view as a sunogate for tanning addiction,and food addiction.A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses＇ Health Study ***2005,we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years,and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these *** addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress,assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction *** 23.3%（15,822） of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years.A total of 5,557（8.2%） women met the criteria for food *** observed a dose-response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction（P_（trend）〈 0.0001）,independent of depression,BMI,and other *** with never indoor tanners,the odds ratio（95%confidence interval） of food addiction was 1.07（0.99-1.17） for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year,1.25（1.09-1.43） for 3-5times/year,1.34（1.14-1.56） for 6-11 times/year,1.61（1.35-1.91） for 12-23 times/year,and 2.98（1.95-4.57） for 24 or more times/*** indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle *** data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning,which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer.

关键词： indoor tanning food addiction cohort study skin cancer epidemiology UV radiation

Advances in MoS_2-Based Field effect Transistors(FeTs)

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Nano-Micro Letters 2015年第3期7卷 203-218页

作者： Xin Tong eric Ashalley Feng Lin Handong Li Zhiming M.Wang Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

This paper reviews the original achievements and advances regarding the field effect transistor(FeT) fabricated from one of the most studied transition metal dichalcogenides: two-dimensional Mo S2. Not like graphene, which is highlighted by a gapless Dirac cone band structure, Monolayer Mo S2 is featured with a 1.9 e V gapped direct energy band thus facilitates convenient electronic and/or optoelectronic modulation of its physical properties in FeT structure. Indeed,many Mo S2 devices based on FeT architecture such as phototransistors, memory devices, and sensors have been studied and extraordinary properties such as excellent mobility, ON/OFF ratio, and sensitivity of these devices have been exhibited. However, further developments in FeT device applications depend a lot on if novel physics would be involved in them. In this review, an overview on advances and developments in the Mo S2-based FeTs are presented. engineering of Mo S2-based FeTs will be discussed in details for understanding contact physics, formation of gate dielectric, and doping strategies. Also reported are demonstrations of device behaviors such as low-frequency noise and photoresponse in Mo S2-based FeTs, which is crucial for developing electronic and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Mo S2FeTs engineering Low-frequency noise Optical properties Mo S2sensors Mo S2memory devices

Influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 121-129页

作者： Bryan M. KLUeVeR eric M. GeSe Steven J. DeMPSeY Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA

Anthropogenic manipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or communities is commonly employed by conservation and management agencies. One such action in arid regions is the construction and maintenance of water developments （i.e., wildlife guzzlers） adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence animal movements, or af- fect distributions of certain species of interest. Despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers remains largely untested. We employed a before-after control-impact （BACI） design over a 4-year period on the US Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA, to determine whether water avaiJability at wildlife guzzlers influenced relative abundance of black-tailed jackrabbits Lepus californicus and relative use of areas near that resource by coyotes Canis latrans, and whether coyote visitations to guzzlers would decrease following elimination of water. eliminating water availability at guzzlers did not influence jackrabbit relative abundance. Coyote relative use was impacted by water availability, with elimination of water reducing use in areas associated with our treatment, but not with areas associated with our control. Visitations of radio-collared coyotes to guzzlers declined nearly 3-fold following elimination of water. Our study provides the first evidence of a potential direct effect of water sources on a mammalian carnivore in an arid environment, but the ecological relevance of our finding is debatable. Future investigations aimed at determining water effects on terrestrial mam- mals could expand on our findings by incorporating manipulations of water availability, obtaining absolute estimates of population parameters and vital rates and incorporating fine-scale spatiotem- poral data.

关键词： arid black-tailed jackrabbit Canis latrans coyote Lepus cafifornicus.

Anti program death-1/anti program death-ligand 1 in digestive cancers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第8期7卷 95-101页

作者： eléonore de Guillebon Pauline Roussille eric Frouin David Tougeron Medical Oncology Department Poitiers University Hospital Radiation Oncology Department Poitiers University Hospital Pathology Department Poitiers University Hospital David Tougeron Laboratory Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331 Poitiers University Gastroenterology Department Poitiers University Hospital

Human tumors tend to activate the immune system regulatory checkpoints as a means of escaping immunosurveillance. For instance, interaction between program death-1(PD-1) and program death-ligand 1(PD-L1) will lead the activated T cell to a state of anergy. PD-L1 is upregulated on a wide range of cancer cells. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies(m Abs), called immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), have consequently been designed to restore T cell activity. Accumulating data are in favor of an association between PD-L1 expression in tumors and response to treatment. A PD-L1 expression is present in 30% to 50% of digestive cancers. Multiple anti-PD-1(nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and anti-PD-L1 m Abs(MPDL3280A, Medi4736) are under evaluation in digestive cancers. Preliminary results in metastatic gastric cancer with pembrolizumab are highly promising and phase Ⅱ will start soon. In metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC), a phase Ⅲ trial of MPDL3280 A as maintenance therapy will shortly be initiated. Trials are also ongoing in metastatic CRC with high immune T cell infiltration(i.e., microsatellite instability). Major challenges are ahead in order to determine how, when and for which patients we should use these ICIs. New radiologic criteria to evaluate tumor response to ICIs are awaiting prospective validation. The optimal therapeutic sequence and association with cytotoxic chemotherapy needs to be established. Finally, biomarker identification will be crucial to selection ofpatients likely to benefit from ICIs.

关键词： Program death-1 Program death-ligand 1 Antibody Digestive cancer

Transcranial direct current stimulation for auditory verbal hallucinations:a systematic review of clinical trials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 666-671页

作者： Samaneh Rashidi Myles Jones eric Murillo-Rodriguez Sergio Machado Youguo Hao Ali Yadollahpour Department of Medical Physics School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran Department of Psychology University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Anáhuac MayabMéridaYucatánMéxico Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate ProgramSalgado de Oliveira UniversityNiteróiBrazil Department of Rehabilitation Shanghai Putuo People’s HospitalShanghaiChina

Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has been reportedly beneficial for different neurodegenerative *** has been reported as a potential adjunctive or alternative treatment for auditory verbal hallucination(AVH).This study aims to review the effects of tDCS on AVH in patients with schizophrenia through combining the evidence from randomized clinical trials(RCTs).The databases of PsycINFO(2000–2019),PubMed(2000–2019),eMBASe(2000–2019),CINAHL(2000–2019),Web of Science(2000–2019),and Scopus(2000–2019)were systematically *** clinical trials with RCT design were selected for final analysis.A total of nine RCTs were eligible and included in the *** RCTs were included in the final *** them,six RCTs reported a significant reduction of AVH after repeated sessions of tDCS,whereas three RCTs did not show any advantage of active tDCS over sham *** current studies showed an overall decrease of approximately 28%of AVH after active tDCS and 10%after sham *** tDCS protocols targeting the sensorimotor frontal-parietal network showed greater treatment effects compared with the protocols targeting other *** this regard,cathodal tDCS over the left temporoparietal area showed inhibitory effects on *** most effective tDCS protocol on AVHs was twice-daily sessions(2 mA,20-minute duration)over 5 consecutive days(10 sessions)with the anode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the left temporal *** patient-specific and diseasespecific factors such as young age,nonsmoking status,and higher frequencies of AVHs seemed to be the predictors of treatment *** together,the results of tDCS as an alternative treatment option for AVH show controversy among current literatures,since not all studies were ***,the studies targeting the same site of the brain showed that the tDCS could be a promising treatment option to reduce *** RCTs,with larger sample sizes,should be con

关键词： auditory verbal hallucinations dorsolateral prefrontal cortex effective protocol randomized clinical trial,schizophrenia temporoparietal area transcranial direct current stimulation treatment efficacy

To mask or not to mask:Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 293-308页

作者： Steffen e.eikenberry Marina Mancuso enahoro Iboi Tin Phan Keenan eikenberry Yang Kuang eric Kostelich Abba B.Gumel School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

Face mask use by the general public for limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial,though increasingly recommended,and the potential of this intervention is not well *** develop a compartmental model for assessing the communitywide impact of mask use by the general,asymptomatic public,a portion of which may be asymptomatically *** simulations,using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington,suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and ***,mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness(as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked)and coverage rate(as a fraction of the general population),while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes(death,hospitalizations)is highly nonlinear,indicating masks could synergize with other nonpharmaceutical ***,masks are found to be useful with respect to both preventing illness in healthy persons and preventing asymptomatic *** mask adoption scenarios,for Washington and New York state,suggest that immediate near universal(80%)adoption of moderately(50%)effective masks could prevent on the order of 17e45%of projected deaths over two months in New York,while decreasing the peak daily death rate by 34e58%,absent other changes in epidemic *** very weak masks(20%effective)can still be useful if the underlying transmission rate is relatively low or decreasing:InWashington,where baseline transmission is much less intense,80%adoption of such masks could reduce mortality by 24e65%(and peak deaths 15e69%),compared to 2e9%mortality reduction in New York(peak death reduction 9e18%).Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden

关键词： Face mask Non-pharmaceutical intervention Cloth mask N95 respirator Surgical mask SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19

Motor Neuron Disease Associated with Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Antibodies

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2011年第2期2卷 68-70页

作者： eric M. Thompson Robert A. e gan 不详

Introduction: Antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels have been implicated in causing a host of peripheral and central nervous system disorders. However, the presence of these antibodies has not been previously associated with motor neuropathy. We describe the first case of acquired motor neuron disease associated with voltage-gated potas-sium channel antibodies. Case Report: The patient is an 81-year-old female who developed signs and symptoms of an idiopathic motor neuron disease. The patient was found to have increased antibodies to voltage-gated potassium chan-nels in the absence of a known metastatic or autoimmune process. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated increased signal in the anterior horn regions of the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord on T2-weighted imaging. The patient’s disease progression was refractory to both intravenous immunoglobulin and ster-oid therapy. Conclusion: Voltage-gated potassium channels may be causal or simply associated with motor neuron disease;this relationship needs to be elucidated. Testing for these antibodies may be warranted in cases of idiopathic rapidly progressing motor neuron disease.

关键词： Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Motor Neuron Disease Antibody Central Nervous System Disorders

First demonstration of an all-solid-state optical cryocooler

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 922-931页

作者： Markus P.Hehlen Junwei Meng Alexander R.Albrecht eric R.Lee Aram Gragossian Steven P.Love Christopher e.Hamilton Richard I.epstein Mansoor Sheik-Bahae Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O.Box 1663Los AlamosNM 87545USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Solid-state optical refrigeration uses anti-Stokes fluorescence to cool macroscopic objects to cryogenic temperatures without *** such as Yb3+-doped YLiF4(YLF:Yb)have previously been laser-cooled to 91 *** this study,we show for the first time laser cooling of a payload connected to a cooling crystal.A YLF:Yb crystal was placed inside a Herriott cell and pumped with a 1020-nm laser(47 W)to cool a HgCdTe sensor that is part of a working Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectrometer to 135 *** first demonstration of an all-solid-state optical cryocooler was enabled by careful control of the various desired and undesired heat *** heating of the payload was minimized by using a single-kink YLF thermal link between the YLF:Yb cooling crystal and the copper coldfinger that held the HgCdTe *** adhesive-free bond between YLF and YLF:Yb showed excellent thermal *** laser-cooled assembly was then supported by silica aerogel cylinders inside a vacuum clamshell to minimize undesired conductive and radiative heat loads from the warm *** structure can serve as a baseline for future optical cryocooler devices.

关键词： optical pumped desired