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Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction： Applications to Central East African Rift

Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 221-236页

作者： Alexander Koptev Evgueni Burov eric calais Sylvie Leroy Taras Gerya Laurent Guillou-Frottier Sierd Cloetingh Sorbonne Universites UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP) 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France Ecole Normale Superieure Department of Geosciences PSL Research University CNRS UMR 8538 Paris France ETH-Zurich Institute of Geophysics Sonnegstrasse 5 Zurich Switzerland BRGM Georesources Division Orleans France Utrecht University Netherlands

The East African Rift system （EARS） provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rifr, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plumelithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities （suture zones） along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic （western） and magmatic （eastern） branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that

关键词： Plume-lithosphere interaction Continental rifting East African Rift System 3D numerical modeling

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Evidence of Correlation between High Frequency Geomagnetic Variations and Seismicity in the Caribbean

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2021年第2期10卷 30-41页

作者： Bladimir Moreno eric calais Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismológicas CENAIS Santiago de Cuba Cuba Ecole Normale Superieure Department of Geoscience Paris France

An analysis between the hourly distribution of earthquakes in three areas of the Caribbean and the high-frequency variations of the geomagnetic field is presented. The number of earthquakes selected for each zone is between 10,000 and 43,000, which guarantees a statistically significant distribution. The hourly distributions of seismicity in all areas show a bay-shape distribution with a significant increase in the number of earthquakes at night, from 11 PM to 5 AM. For example, in eastern Cuba 36.7% of earthquakes occur at that time, representing 11.7% over 25% in the absence of any time preference. Geomagnetic disturbances were compiled from several years to be able to make a statistically significant hourly distribution of their occurrence, being determined by sudden changes in the magnetic field at a short period of 1 minute. In this sense, geomagnetic data were processed between the years 2011-2016, recorded by the geostationary satellite GOES13 and the magnetic ground station SJG in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The result shows a significant correlation between hourly earthquakes distribution and high-frequency geomagnetic variations. The time-varying conductivity response of Earth’s interior also correlates with seismicity. The theory behind this correlation could be related to the piezoelectric phenomena and the electromagnetic force induced when the magnetic field is disturbed.

关键词： Caribbean Seismicity Conductivity Response Geomagnetic Storms Hourly Earthquakes Frequency Electromagnetic Induction Eddy Currents Geomagnetic Field

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Real-time mechanical characterization of DNA degradation under therapeutic X-rays and its theoretical modeling

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 9-17页

作者： Grégoire Perret Thomas Lacornerie Fabio Manca Stefano Giordano Momoko Kumemura Nicolas Lafitte Laurent Jalabert Mehmet C.Tarhan eric F.Lartigau Fabrizio Cleri Hiroyuki Fujita Dominique Collard LIMMS/CNRS-IIS UMI 2820 Institute of Industrial ScienceThe University of Tokyo4-6-1 Komaba Meguro KuTokyo 153-8505Japan IEMN UMR8520CNRSAvenue PoincaréCitéScientifiqueBP 60069Villeneuve d’AscqCedex 59652France CNRS/IIS/COL/Lille 1 SMMiL-E project CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie2 rue de CanonniersLilleCedex 59046France Centre Oscar Lambret Universitéde LilleDépartement Universitaire de RadiothérapieCentre Oscar LambretLille 59000France Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8505Japan

The killing of tumor cells by ionizing radiation beams in cancer radiotherapy is currently based on a rather empirical understanding of the basic mechanisms and effectiveness of DNA damage by *** contrast,the mechanical behaviour of DNA encompassing sequence sensitivity and elastic transitions to plastic responses is much better understood.A novel approach is proposed here based on a micromechanical Silicon Nanotweezers *** instrument allows the detailed biomechanical characterization of a DNA bundle exposed to an ionizing radiation beam delivered here by a therapeutic linear particle accelerator(LINAC).The micromechanical device endures the harsh environment of radiation beams and still retains molecular-level detection *** this study,the first real-time observation of DNA damage by ionizing radiation is *** DNA bundle degradation is detected by the micromechanical device as a reduction of the bundle stiffness,and a theoretical model provides an interpretation of the *** first real-time observations pave the way for both fundamental and clinical studies of DNA degradation mechanisms under ionizing radiation for improved tumor treatment.

关键词： biomechanical measurements DNA damage microfluidic radiotherapy real-time Silicon Nanotweezers

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