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Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 82-91页

作者： Runmiao Xue Ariel Donovan Haiting Zhang Yinfa Ma Craig Adams John Yang Bin Hua enos inniss Todd Eichholz Honglan Shi Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Center Missouri University of Science and Technology RoIIa MO 65409 USA Center for Single Nanoparticle Single Cell and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS3M) Missouri University of Science and Technology RollaMO 6S409 USA Department of Civil Engineering Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 USA Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Lincoln University of Missouri Jefferson City MO 65101 USA Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA Missouri Department of Natural Resources Jefferson City MO 65102 USA

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products（DBPs） may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine（NDMA）, may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment *** test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon（PAC） sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite（except 3-（dimethylaminomethyl）indole（DMAI） and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine（DMAP））. PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors（dimethylamine（DMA）, ethylmethylamine（EMA）, diethylamine（DEA）, dipropylamine（DPA）, trimethylamine（TMA）, DMAP, and DMAI） during the alum coagulation process.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Drinking water treatment Ammonia removal by zeolite N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) N-nitrosamines N-nitrosamine precursor removal by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

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Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者： Kyle E. MURRAY Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ enos C. inniss Frank G. HEALY Adria A. BODOUR Oklahoma Geological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0628 USA ERA Environmental Consulting Dollard des Ormeaux Montreal Quebec H9B 2C81 Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia MO 65211-2200 USA Department of Biology Trinity University One Trinity Place San Antonio TX 78212 USA Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) San Antonio TX 78236 USA

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastructure including groundwater wells. Sessile-state microorganisms may build up on well surfaces as biofilms and, if excessive, cause biofouling that reduces well productivity and water quality. Conditions can be improved using biocides and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the continuous introduction of microorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenance approaches are desirable for reducing biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfection-by- products. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of alternative treatments for inacti- vating microorganisms comprising biofilms. A novel approach was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel coupons suspended from ＇chandeliers＇. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantifed through cultivation. Ultraviolet-C （UV-C） and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, ozone （O3） and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-scale treatments. Microbial inactivation was assessed by comparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H2O2 was the most effective treatment, and decreased density below baseline by as much as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effective for the well having a lower density biofilm, decreasing density below baseline by as much as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and common aquifer source, which suggests that microbiological communities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from which they originate.

关键词： aquifer biofouling hydrogen peroxide sustainability well rehabilitation

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Small Water Distribution System Operations and Disinfection By Product Fate

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第8期5卷 35-41页

作者： Sandhya Rao Poleneni enos C. inniss Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia USA

The Stage-2 Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) regulations force water utilities to be more concerned with their finished and distributed water quality. Compliance requires changes to their current operational strategy, which affect the formation of DBPs over time. This study quantifies changes in DBP formation and chlorine decay kinetics under different operational conditions and pipe materials found at many small-scale water utilities. A physical model (Pipe Loop) of a distribution system was used to evaluate the change in water quality from conditions such as having a high chlorine dosage entering the distribution system, using a chlorine booster system in the distribution system, and operation of clearwells/storage tanks. The High Chlorine Run (HC) is least favorable option with approximately 64% and 30% higher TTHMs than Normal Run (NR) and Chlorine Booster Run (CB), respectively. High Chlorine conditions also minimize the wall effects. The location of Boosters should always be after the storage systems to avoid extra contact time that can produce approximately 23% - 78% higher TTHMs. The following trends are discovered from the data analysis: Chlorine residual HC > CB > NR and TTHM NR > CB > HC.

关键词： Trihalomethanes Pipe Loop Chlorination Distribution Systems Formation Kinetics

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Importance of Bromine-Substituted DBP’s in Drinking Water

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第8期5卷 28-34页

作者： Lisa Wulff enos inniss Tom Clevenger Water Resources Research Center University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia USA

Significant fractions of bromine-substituted disinfection byproducts (DBPs)—particularly trihalomethanes (THMs)— have been observed to form during treatment of water from the Missouri River. THM speciation was also noted to follow a seasonal pattern during a 2.5-year period, during which samples were collected multiple times per month. Although some treatment processes were effective at reducing the chloroform formation potential, no treatment used at this utility significantly reduced the formation of the three bromine-substituted THM species. Using chloramination rather than free chlorination for secondary disinfection, however, was effective at limiting increases in the concentration of all four regulated THM species in the distribution system.

关键词： Disinfection By-Products Bromine Missouri River Treatment Chlorination Chloramination

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The use of oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women in sub-Saharan Africa:considerations,barriers,and recommendations

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 41-45页

作者： enos Moyo Grant Murewanhema Perseverance Moyo Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Andrew Ross School of Nursing&Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of ZimbabweHarareZimbabwe Medical Centre Oshakati OshakatiNamibia School of Health Systems and Public Health University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were among women,particularly adolescent girls,and young *** is a high incidence of HIV among pregnant and lactating women(PLW)in *** is estimated that the risk of HIV-acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period more than *** this article,we discuss the safety and effectiveness of drugs used for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),considerations for initiating PrEP in PLW,the barriers to initiating and adhering to PrEP among them and suggest recommendations to address these ***/emtricitabine,the most widely used combination in SSA,is safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective among *** PLW who requests PrEP and has no medical contraindications should receive *** users who are pregnant or lactating may experience barriers to starting and adhering for a variety of reasons,including personal,pill-related,and healthcare facility-related *** address the barriers,we recommend an increased provision of information on PrEP to the women and the communities,increasing and/or facilitating access to PrEP among the PLW,and developing strategies to increase adherence.

关键词： Pre-exposure prophylaxis Pregnancy Lactation Safety Barriers Recommendations

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Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Rich Glass Ceramic Materials：A Model for Steel Industry Waste Reuse

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第11期32卷 1105-1110页

作者： Riccardo Carlini Ilaria Alfieri Gilda Zanicchi Francesco Soggia enos Gombia Andrea Lorenzi Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of GenoaVia Dodecaneso 3116146 GenovaItaly Department of Chemistry University of ParmaParco area delle Scienze 17/a43124 ParmaItaly IMEM-CNR Parco Area delle Sdenze 37/a43124 ParmaItaly

Wastes deriving from steel industry, containing large amounts of iron oxides and heavy metals, when collected in landfills are subjected to atmospheric agents, with consequent release of toxic substances in the soil and groundwater. The reuse of these wastes as raw materials for the production of advanced materials is a viable way both to overcome the environmental impact and to reduce the disposal costs,proposing new technologically advanced materials. This work aims to simulate these interesting glassceramics by using glass cullet coming from recycled municipal waste and high amount of iron（III） oxide（from 25 wt% to 50 wt%）, the prevalent component of steel waste. The oxide was mixed with glass cullet and vitrified. The samples composition and the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and X-ray diffraction（XRD） was used to evaluate the nature of the crystalline *** chemical stability of the materials, in terms of ionic release into saline solution, was assessed. The electrical behavior of the samples was also investigated by varying the iron ions content and controlling the crystallization process. It is possible to obtain chemically stable materials with a nearly semiconducting behavior.

关键词： Glass-ceramics Electrical properties Leaching tests Iron rich waste Vitrification

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Ensemble Machine Learning greatly improves ERA5 skills for wind energy applications

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Energy and AI 2023年第3期13卷 197-206页

作者： Mattia Cavaiola Peter enos Tuju Francesco Ferrari Gabriele Casciaro Andrea Mazzino DICCA Department of CivilChemical and Environmental Engineering.University of GenoaVia Montallegro 1Genoa16145GenoaItaly INFN National Institute of Nuclear PhysicsGenoa sectionVia Dodecaneso 33Genoa16146GenoaItaly EGO Data S.r.l. Via Felice Romani 9/5Genoa16122GenoaItaly

The skill of ERA5 has been assessed in relation to the prediction of the wind energy associated with 28 SYNOP stations located in Italy for a time span of 20 years(2001–2020).For comparison,a WRF-based high-resolution downscaling(3 km horizontally)was also produced for the same *** found that simple predictions based on materialized past wind measures outperform the wind energy predictions from *** result can be ascribed to the particularly complex characteristics of the Italian *** by this expected behavior,we have implemented a Quantile Random Forest(QRF)calibration which greatly alleviates the problems encountered in the ERA5 reanalysis *** technique provides a calibrated ensemble prediction system for the wind speed at the ***,the calibrated ERA5 outperforms wind energy estimations from the high-resolution 3-km *** properly calibrated,the high-resolution downscaling provides predictions very similar to the calibrated *** our conclusions to the estimation of wind energy over a long time span(here 20 years),having at disposal a high-resolution wind-field dataset does not necessarily mean greater accuracy.A careful calibration of the original coarser wind-field dataset produces better results than the raw high-resolution dataset.

关键词： Wind energy ERA5 reanalysis Quantile random forest Machine learning calibration

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Assessing the influence of digital technologies on antenatal care visits in Zimbabwe:insights from 2019 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

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Global Health Journal 2023年第3期7卷 167-174页

作者： Elliot Mbunge Garikayi Bernard Chemhaka Tafadzwa Dzinamarira enos Moyo Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of EswatiniKwaluseniManziniM201Eswatini Department of Statistics and Demography Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of EswatiniKwaluseniManziniM201Eswatini School of Health Systems and Public Health University of PretoriaPretoria 0028South Africa Schoolof Nursing and Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 3601South Africa

Background and objective:To provide good health and well-being as established by the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)3,access to digital technologies can act as conduits to achieve such progress in a *** guided by the World Health Organization,antenatal care(ANC)attendance is one of the measures promoted to curtail the global health burden of maternal and infant *** services are seldom utilized to their full potential in *** study explores if any of the women's digital technology characteristics were associated with antenatal care ***:The study analyzed population-based cross-sectional data with a subsample of 1932 women aged 15-49 years from the 2019 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster *** of associations with chi-square test,bivariate,and multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors of adequate(4-7)and optimal(≥8)ANC visits relative to undesirable(1-3)antenatal care visits among women who had given births 2 years before the ***:The results indicate that 64.5%(1246/1932)of the women attained adequate ANC while about 9.8%(189/1932)attained optimal *** a newspaper/magazine at least once a week(odds ratio[OR] 1.73,β'=0.551,t=2.030,P=0.043)and watching television at least once a week(OR 1.72,β=0.545,t=2.454,P=0.015),listening to the radio less than once a week(OR 1.28,β'=0.247,t=1.750,P=0.080),and owning a mobile phone(OR 1.48,β'=0.394,t=3.020,P=0.003)were positively associated with adequate *** ANC was significantly associated with women being able to read a newspaper at least once a week(OR 2.93,β'=1.074,t=3.120,P=0.002),listen to the radio less than 0nce a week(OR 2.07,p'=0.73,t=2.700,P=0.007)and have ownership of a mobile phone(OR 1.88,β'=0.631,t=2.620,P=0.009).Conclusion:Access to a newspaper,radio,television,and mobile phone were important predictors of a woman's ability to achieve her ANC *** to improve the knowledge of ANC pa

关键词： Digital technologies Maternal and child health Africa Child mortality Maternal mortality Prenatal care

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Leadership,communication,and science:three pillars essential to public health emergency response and closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations

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Global Health Journal 2023年第4期7卷 182-185页

作者： Tafadzwa Dzinamarira enos Moyo Perseverance Moyo Munashe Chimene Grant Murewanhema School of Health Systems and Public Health University of PretoriaPretoria 0028South Africa School of Public Health Medicine University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4041South Africa Medical Centre Oshakati OshakatiNamibia Department of Public Health Africa UniversityMutareZimbabwe University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUnit of Obstetrics and GynaecologyHarareMP167Zimbabwe

Globally,there have been multiple public health emergencies in recent *** rates of morbidity,occasionally mortality,and economic instability are usually associated with *** of the epidemics that has significantly increased morbidity and mortality worldwide is the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)*** has a disproportionately negative impact on key *** leadership,effective communication,and sound science are necessary for public health emergency(PHE)responses to be *** three PHE response pllars are also essential for bridging the HIV response gap among key populations in the setting of restrictive *** this review,we explored the importance of these three pillars of successful PHEs responses,and how they are essential to closing the gap in the HIV response among key *** must make decisions and instil a sense of authority in the populace during PHEs to foster trust and *** should base their choices on scientific *** communication during PHEs should be proactive,polite,imaginative,innovative,and *** address gaps in the HIV response among key populations,leaders must create a supportive environment for effective communication and scientific research,communication should be used to raise awareness of HIV and to dispel stigma and discrimination,while science should provide evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of interventions amongkey populations.

关键词： Public health emergencies Leadership Communication Science Key populations HIV response

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Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of medicinal plants used by the Bentian tribe from Indonesia

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2014年第3期3卷 191-196页

作者： Irawan Wijaya Kusuma Murdiyanto enos Tangke Arung Syafrizal Yong-ung Kim Department of Forest Products Faculty of ForestryMulawarman UniversitySamarinda 75118Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematic and Natural SciencesMulawarman UniversitySamarinda 75118Indonesia Department of Herbal Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Herbal Bio-industryDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsangbuk-doSouth Korea

Some selected medicinal plants used by Bentian tribe from Indonesia were evaluated for potential antimicrobial and antioxidant *** leaves stem bark and root of the plants were extracted with n-hexane,ethyl acetate and ethanol to give respective *** activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Candida albicans was determined by an agar well diffusion *** activity was assayed by the DPPH radical scavenging activity *** results showed that n-hexane,ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Cananga odorata,ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata,and ethanolic extracts of Hyptis capitata and Ampelocissus cinnamomeae displayed good activity against *** at 25–400μg/well of the extracts *** n-hexane and ethanol extracts of Chromolaena odorata and ***,and the n-hexane,ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Cananga odorata displayed more activity against *** than others at 25–400μg/well of the extracts *** most antioxidant activities against DPPH were displayed by the ethanol extracts of Ficus variegata stem bark,Leucosyke quadrinerva root and Clausena excavata leaves exhibiting 91%,91%and 86%inhibition,*** present results showed potential of some medicinal plants used by Bentian tribe from Indonesia as natural anti-microbial and anti-oxidant and potentially anti-inflammatory agents.

关键词： Antimicrobial activity Antioxidant activity Natural products Phytochemicals Medicinal plants

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