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Collagen scaffolds functionalized with triple-helical peptides support 3D HUVEC culture

Regenerative Biomaterials 2020年第5期7卷 471-482页

作者： jean-Daniel Malcor emma j.hunter Natalia Davidenko Daniel V.Bax Ruth Cameron Serena Best Sanjay Sinha Richard W.Farndale Department of Biochemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21QWUK Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK Division of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB20AWUK Present address:CambCol Laboratories Ltd Oak Lane Business ParkLittleportElyCambridgeshireCB79RPUK

Porous biomaterials which provide a structural and biological support for cells have immense potential in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for tissue *** biomaterials that can host endothelial cells represent promising tools for the vascularization of engineered ***-dimensional collagen scaffolds possessing controlled architecture and mechanical stiffness are obtained through freeze–drying of collagen suspensions,followed by chemical cross-linking which maintains their ***,cross-linking scaffolds renders their biological activity suboptimal for many cell types,including human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),by inhibiting cell–collagen ***,we have improved crucial HUVEC interactions with such cross-linked collagen biomaterials by covalently coupling combinations of triple-helical peptides(THPs).These are ligands for collagen-binding cell-surface receptors(integrins or discoidin domain receptors)or secreted proteins(SPARC and von Willebrand factor).THPs enhanced HUVEC adhesion,spreading and proliferation on 2D collagen *** grafted to 3D-cross-linked collagen scaffolds promoted cell survival over seven *** study demonstrates that THP-functionalized collagen scaffolds are promising candidates for hosting endothelial cells with potential for the production of vascularized engineered tissues in regenerative medicine applications.

关键词： collagen biomaterial endothelial cells 3D cell scaffold collagen-mimetic peptides

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Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites:Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 363-377页

作者： emma j.STOKES Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronxNew YorkUSA

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95%over the past *** the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source *** 2008-2010,standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring(LEM)was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement ***-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance,although,until recently,it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation *** present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST,a computerized management information system for ranger-based data *** framework addresses many of the technical,practical and institutional challenges involved in the design,implementation,sustainability and evaluation of *** of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts,to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to *** combined with independent,systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey,LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.

关键词： law enforcement monitoring MIST protected areas protection tigers

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Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 806-813页

作者： Claire Stenhouse emma Hurst Richard j.Mellanby Cheryl j.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK Current Affiliation Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843‑2471USA Clinical Sciences Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian ***,the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D sta-tus throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and *** abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC–MS/MS at gestational days(GD)18,30,45,60 and 90(n=5–11 gilts/GD).Maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased between GD18 and GD30(P<0.05).The relationship between maternal vitamin D metabolite concentrations and litter characteristics of interest including gilt weight,ovulation rate,mean litter weight,number of live foetuses,percentage prenatal survival,and sex ratio of the litter was *** 25(OH)D(P=0.059)concentrations tended to be positively associated with percentage prenatal survival on *** GD90,maternal 25(OH)D(P<0.05)concentrations were inversely associated with gilt *** plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of male foetuses in the litter on GD90(P<0.05).This study has provided novel insights into temporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout ges-tation and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and the economically important litter characteristics of gilt weight,percentage prenatal survival and percentage of male foetuses in the *** the understanding of the role of vitamin D across important developmental timepoints in relation to foetal growth is essential to improve reproductive success in livestock species.

关键词： Porcine Pregnancy Vitamin D

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Discrete composition control of two-dimensional morphologic all-inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 257-275,I0006页

作者： Andrew hunter Davis Weiwei Zheng Department of Chemistry Syracuse University13244 SyracuseUnited States

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)exhibit impressive optical and electronic properties,making them an important class of functional materials with promising applications in solar cells,light emitting diodes(LEDs),photodetectors,and *** addition to the widely studied 0-dimensional(0 D)metal halide perovskite NCs,such as nanocubes,low dimensional perovskites,such as 2 D all-inorganic perovskite(AIP)NCs,subsist with directionally relevant quantum *** anisotropic NCs have the propensity to exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties that are exceedingly difficult to introduce into 0 D systems,yet as of late are largely *** this review,we discuss the recent synthetic progress of 2 D all-inorganic metal halide perovskite NCs with ABX3 ***,we highlight the discrete composition control of the cations(A and B sites)and anions(X site)by dopant incorporation and alloying in 2 D metal halide perovskite *** will also discuss more complex perovskite crystal structures,such as Ruddlesden-Popper double perovskites,and compare these materials to 0 D perovskite ***,our work culminates in the future interests and perspectives of this field with a focus on the wide applicability of 2 D systems and the large variance in structure capable with discrete compositional tuning.

关键词： All-inorganic perovskites Two-dimensional nanocrystals Composition Doping Alloying Ion exchange

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Early postoperative feeding in resectional gastrointestinal surgical cancer patients

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第4期2卷 187-191页

作者： emma j Osland Muhammed Ashraf Memon Department of Surgery and Nutrition Ipswich HospitalIpswichQueensland 4305Australia Department of Mathematics and Computing Australian Centre for Sustainable CatchmentsUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueensland 4305Australia Department of Surgery University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4305Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQueensland 4305Australia School of Health and Social Sciences University of BoltonBoltonLancashire BL3 5ABUnited Kingdom

Malnutrition is present in the majority of patients presenting for surgical management of gastrointestinal malignancies,due to the effects of the tumour and preoperative anti-neoplastic *** traditional practice of fasting patients until the resumption of bowel function threatens to further contribute to the malnutrition experienced by these ***,the rationale behind this traditional practice has been rendered obsolete through developments in anaesthetic agents and changes to postoperative analgesia ***,there is a growing body of literature that consistently demonstrates that providing oral or tube feeding proximal to the anastomosis within 24 h postoperatively,is not only safe,but might be associated with significant benefits to the postoperative *** post operative feeding should therefore be adopted as a standard of care in oncology patients undergoing gastrointestinal resections.

关键词： Early feeding Surgery Meta-analysis Randomised controlled trials

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Interconnection Gridlock Threatens Transition to Renewable Energy

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 3-5页

作者： emma Hiolski Senior Technology Writer

In October 2023,the International Energy Agency(IEA)released a report identifying inadequate grid infrastructure as a key threat to meeting the climate goals laid out by the Paris Agreement[1],the landmark 2015 international treaty in which 196 parties agreed to limit global warming to well below 2℃ above preindustrial levels[2].Importantly,funding for the treaty’s calledfor transition from fossil fuels to clean energy has accelerated[3],with recently legislated massive governmental subsidies and other incentives(e.g.,the Inflation Reduction Act[4])aimed specifically at promoting renewable ***,a commensurate surge in investment in electrical grids has not materialized;instead,it has stagnated for the past decade at around 300 billion USD per year worldwide[1].

关键词： Transition instead massive

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Does the scent of a potential mate prevent the resorption of oocytes by apoptosis in Nauphoeta cinerea？

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Insect Science 2009年第5期16卷 393-398页

作者： emma L. B. Barrett Allen j. Moore Patricia j. Moore Centre for Ecology and Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn Cornwall UK

We expect organisms to have evolved mechanisms to gather and use the information available within their environments, to steer resource investment decisions toward the traits that will give the greatest fitness returns. Pheromones are social signals, a common purpose of which is to act as indicators of mate presence. Consequently, pheromones have the potential to act as signals to increase or maintain reproductive investment over that of competing life-history traits. In the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea （Oliver）, females pay costs of maintaining investment in reproduction when there are no males, and males produce pheromones that are known to effect female reproductive outcomes. Whether the pheromones have an influence on resource physiology is unknown. We subjected newly eclosed females to either a synthetic blend of male pheromones or control. We dissected females at 7, 12, 17 or 22 days. We measured apoptosis levels and size of all oocytes within the vitellerium, and measured dry fat body mass. Synthetic male pheromone blend did not have an effect on any measure of female reproductive or somatic resource physiology. Although negative results are always problematic, the success of the synthetic pheromone method in the past suggests that females may be insensitive to male pheromones in the pre-oviposition period, and may rely on mating stimulus rather than pheromone as the cue for oocyte maintenance and growth. Previous studies reporting effects of male pheromones on female reproduction suggest that the period of pheromone sensitivity may be between mating and birth.

关键词： apoptosis environment oocyte ovary pheromone predictable trade-off

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An assessment of African lion Panthera leo sociality via social network analysis： prerelease monitoring for an ex situ reintroduction program

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 301-311页

作者： emma j. DUNSTON jackie ABEL Rebecca E. DOYLE jacqui KIRK Victoria B. HILLEY Andrew FORSYTH emma jENKINS Rafael FREIRE School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia Social and Conservation Psycology Coventry University Coventry CV1 5FB UK African Lion & Environmental Research Trust Melrose Farm Livingstone 23345 Zambia Animal Welfare Science Centre The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia African Lion & Environmental Research Trust Antelope Park Gweru Midlands Zimbabwe Siyafunda The Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve Harmony 27 Hoedspruit 0895 South Africa

The wild population of the African lion Panthera leo continues to decline, requiring alternate conservation programs to be considered. One such program is ex situ reintroduction. Prior to release, longterm monitoring and assessment of behavior is required to determine whether prides and coalitions behave naturally and are sufficiently adapted to a wild environment. Social network analysis （SNA） can be used to provide insight into how the pride as a whole and individuals within it, function. Our study was conducted upon 2 captive-origin prides who are part of an ex situ reintroduction program, and 1 wild pride of African lion. Social interactions were collected at all occurrence for each pride and categorized into greet, social grooming, play, and aggression. Betweenness centrality showed that offspring in each pride were central to the play network, whereas degree indicated that adults received （indegree） the greatest number of overall social interactions, and the adult males of each pride were least likely to initiate （outdegree） any interactions. Through the assessment of individual centrality and degree values, a social keystone adult female was identified for each pride. Social network results indicated that the 2 captive-origin prides had formed cohesive social units and possessed relationships and behaviors comparable with the wild pride for the studied behaviors. This study provided the first SNA comparison between captive-bred origin and a wild pride of lions, providing valuable information on individual and pride sociality, critical for determining the success of prides within an ex situ reintroduction program.

关键词： African lion Panthera leo conservation ex situ reintroduction social interactions.

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Mercury photoreduction and photooxidation in lakes：Effects of filtration and dissolved organic carbon concentration

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 151-159页

作者： Nelson j.O’Driscoll emma Vost Erin Mann Sara Klapstein Robert Tordon Matthew Lukeman Department of Earth & Environmental Science Acadia University Wolfville B4P 2R6 Nova Scotia Canada Environment Canada Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada Department of Chemistry Acadia University Wolfville B4P 2R6 Nova Scotia Canada

Mercury is a globally distributed, environmental contaminant. Quantifying the retention and loss of mercury is integral for predicting mercury-sensitive ecosystems. There is little information on how dissolved organic carbon（DOC） concentrations and particulates affect mercury photoreaction kinetics in freshwater lakes. To address this knowledge gap,samples were collected from ten lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia（DOC： 2.6–15.4 mg/L）. Filtered（0.2 μm） and unfiltered samples were analysed for gross photoreduction, gross photooxidation, and net reduction rates of mercury using pseudo first-order curves. Unfiltered samples had higher concentrations（p = 0.04） of photoreducible divalent mercury（Hg（II）RED）（mean of 754 ± 253 pg/L） than filtered samples（mean of 482 ± 206 pg/L）;however, gross photoreduction and photooxidation rate constants were not significantly different in filtered or unfiltered samples in early summer. DOC was not significantly related to gross photoreduction rate constants in filtered（R2= 0.43; p = 0.08） and unfiltered（R2= 0.02; p = 0.71） samples; DOC was also not significantly related to gross photooxidation rate constants in filtered or unfiltered samples. However, DOC was significantly negatively related with Hg（Ⅱ）RED in unfiltered（R2= 0.53; p = 0.04）, but not in filtered samples（R2= 0.04;p = 0.60）. These trends indicate that DOC is a factor in determining dissolved mercury photoreduction rates and particles partially control available Hg（Ⅱ）RED in lake water. This research also demonstrates that within these lakes gross photoreduction and photooxidation processes are close to being in balance. Changes to catchment inputs of particulate matter and DOC may alter mercury retention in these lakes and could partially explain observed increases of mercury accumulation in biota.

关键词： Mercury Photoreduction Photooxidation Dissolved organic carbon(DOC) Particulates Kejimkujik National Park

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Design of two-dimensional carbon-nitride structures by tuning the nitrogen concentration

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 562-569页

作者： Saiyu Bu Nan Yao Michelle A.hunter Debra j.Searles Qinghong Yuan State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy School of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast China Normal University3663 N.Zhongshan RoadShanghai 200062PR China Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia College of Teacher Education East China Normal University3663 N.Zhongshan RoadShanghai 200062PR China School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Nitrogen-doped graphene(NG)has attracted increasing attention because its properties are significantly different to pristine graphene,making it useful for various applications in physics,chemistry,biology,and materials ***,the NGs that can currently be fabricated using most experimental methods always have low N concentrations and a mixture of N dopants,which limits the desirable physical and chemical properties.

关键词： dimensional carbon structures

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