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Review of primary sclerosing cholangitis with increased IgG4 levels

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3126-3144页

作者： Charis D Manganis Roger W Chapman emma L Culver Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre John Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(Psc) is a chronic progressive liver disease. Subtypes of Psc have been described, most recently Psc with elevated serum and/or tissue IgG4 subclass. We aim to summarise the clinical phenotype,disease associations, differential diagnosis, response to therapy and pathogenic mechanisms underlying Psc-high IgG4 subtype. We reviewed Pub Med,MEDLINE and Embase with the search terms "primary sclerosing cholangitis","IgG4", and "IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis(IgG4-sc)". Elevated serum IgG4 are found in up-to one-quarter, and abundant IgG4-plasma cell infiltrates in the liver and bile ducts are found in up-to one-fifth of Psc patients. This group have a distinct clinical phenotype, with some studies reporting a more aggressive course of liver and associated inflammatory bowel disease, compared to Pscnormal IgG4 and the disease mimic IgG4-sc. Distinguishing Psc-high IgG4 from IgG4-sc remains challenging, requiring careful assessment of clinical features,organ involvement and tissue morphology. Calculation of serum IgG4:IgG1 ratios and use of a novel IgG4:IgG RNA ratio have been reported to have excellent specificity to distinguish IgG4-sc and Psc-high IgG4 but require validation in larger cohorts. A role for corticosteroid therapy in Psc-high IgG4 remains unanswered, with concerns of increased toxicity and lack of outcome data. The immunological drivers underlying prominent IgG4 antibodies in Psc are incompletely defined. An association with Psc-high IgG4 and HLA class-II haplotypes(B*07, DRB1*15), T-helper2 and T-regulatory cytokines(IL4, IL10,IL13) and chemokines(CCL1, CCR8) have been described. Psc-high IgG4 have a distinct clinical phenotype and need careful discrimination from IgG4-sc,although response to immunosuppressive treatments and long-term outcome remains unresolved. The presence of IgG4 likely represents chronic activation to persistent antigenic exposure in genetically predisposed individuals.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis IgG4 IgG4-related disease IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis

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Chronic exposure to high-density polyethylene microplastic through feeding alters the nutrient metabolism of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 143-158页

作者： Xing Lu Dong-Fang Deng Fei Huang Fabio Casu emma Kraco Ryan J.Newton Merry Zohn Swee J.Teh Aaron M.Watson Brian Shepherd Ying Ma Mahmound A.O.Dawood Lorena M.Rios Mendoza school of Freshwater sciences University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53204USA South Carolina Department of Natural Resources CharlestonSC 29412USA USDA/ARS/school of Freshwater sciences University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53204USA school of Veterinary Medicine Department of AnatomyPhysiologyand Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Natural sciences Marine Resources Research InstituteUniversity of WisconsinSuperiorWI 54880USA Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuhanChina Fisheries College Jimei UniversityXiamenChina. Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-SheikhEgypt.

Microplastics are emergent contaminants threatening aquatic organisms including aquacultured *** study investigated the effects of high-density polyethylene(HDPE,100 to 125 mm)on yellow perch(Perca flavescens)based on integrative evaluation including growth performance,nutritional status,nutrient metabolism,fish health,and gut microbial *** test diets(0,1,2,4,or 8 g HDPE/100 g diet)containing 41%protein and 10.5%lipid were fed to juvenile perch(average body weight,25.9±0.2 g;n=15)at a feeding rate of 1.5%to 2.0%body weight *** feeding trial was conducted in a flow-through water system for 9 wk with 3 tanks per treatment and 15 yellow perch per *** mortality or HDPE accumulation in the fish was found in any *** gain and condition factor of fish were not significantly impacted by HDPE(P>0.05).Compared to the control group,fish fed the 8%HDPE diet had significantly decreased levels of protein and ash(P<0.05).In response to the increasing levels of HDPE exposure,the hepatosomatic index value,hepatocyte size,and liver glycogen level were increased,but lipid content was reduced in the liver *** to the control treatment,fish fed the 8%HDPE diet had significant accumulations of total bile acids and different metabolism pathways such as bile acid biosynthesis,pyruvate metabolism,and carnitine *** enterocyte necrosis was documented in the foregut of fish fed the 2%or 8%HDPE diet;and significant cell sloughing was observed in the midgut and hindgut of fish fed the 8%HDPE *** fed the 2%HDPE diet harbored different microbiota communities compared to the control *** study demonstrates that HDPE ranging from 100 to 125 mm in feed can be evacuated by yellow perch with no impact on ***,dietary exposure to HDPE decreased whole fish nutrition quality,altered nutrient metabolism and the intestinal histopathology as well as microbiota community of yellow *** results indicate that extende

关键词： Dietary exposure Intestinal microbiota Liver metabolomics Microplastics Nutrient composition Yellow perch

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Tight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3117-3126页

作者： Jonathan Landy emma Ronde Nick English Sue K Clark Ailsa L Hart Stella C Knight Paul J Ciclitira Hafid Omar Al-Hassi IBD Unit St Mark's Hospital Harrow London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Antigen Presentation Research Group Department of Immunology Imperial College London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology Imperial College London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology The Rayne Institute St Thomas' Hospital London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterised by inflammation that compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier. The intestinal epithelium is not only a static barrier but has evolved complex mechanisms to control and regulate bacterial interactions with the mucosal surface. Apical tight junction proteins are critical in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and control of paracellular permeability. The characterisation of alterations in tight junction proteins as key players in epithelial barrier function in inflammatory bowel diseases is rapidly enhancing our understanding of critical mechanisms in disease pathogenesis as well as novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we give an overview of recent literature focusing on the role of tight junction proteins, in particular claudins, in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer.

关键词： Claudin Tight junction Ulcerative colitis Pouchitis Crohn’s disease

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Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 542-552,I0026-I0032页

作者： Thanh N Nguyen Diogo C Haussen Muhammad M Qureshi Hiroshi Yamagami Toshiyuki Fujinaka Ossama Y Mansour Mohamad Abdalkader Michael Frankel Zhongming Qiu Allan Taylor Pedro Lylyk Omer F Eker Laura Mechtouff Michel Piotin Fabricio Oliveira Lima Francisco Mont'Alverne Wazim Izzath Nobuyuki Sakai Mahmoud Mohammaden Alhamza R Al-Bayati Leonardo Renieri Salvatore Mangiafico David Ozretic Vanessa Chalumeau Saima Ahmad Umair Rashid Syed Irteza Hussain Seby John emma Griffin John Thornton Jose Antonio Fiorot Rodrigo Rivera Nadia Hammami Anna M Cervantes-Arslanian Hormuzdiyar H Dasenbrock Huynh Le Vu Viet Quy Nguyen Steven Hetts Romain Bourcier Romain Guile Melanie Walker Malveeka Sharma Don Frei Pascal Jabbour Nabeel Herial Fawaz Al-Mufti Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir Ozlem Aykac Dheeraj Gandhi Chandril Chugh Charles Matouk Pascale Lavoie Randall Edgell Andre Beer-Furlan Michael Chen Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer Vitor Mendes Pereira Patrick Nicholson Vikram Huded Nobuyuki Ohara Daisuke Watanabe Dong Hun Shin Pedro sc Magalhaes Raghid Kikano Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez Mudassir Farooqui Amal Abou-Hamden Tatsuo Amano Ryoo Yamamoto Adrienne Weeks Elena A Cora Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann Roberto Crosa Markus Möhlenbruch Simon Nagel Hosam Al-Jehani Sunil A Sheth Victor S Lopez Rivera James E Siegler Achmad Fidaus Sani Ajit S Puri Anna Luisa Kuhn Gianmarco Bernava Paolo Machi Daniel G Abud Octavio M Pontes-Neto Ajay K Wakhloo Barbara Voetsch Eytan Raz Shadi Yaghi Brijesh P Mehta Naoto Kimura Mamoru Murakami Jin Soo Lee Ji Man Hong Robert Fahed Gregory Walker Eiji Hagashi Steve M Cordina Hong Gee Roh Ken Wong Juan F Arenillas Mario Martinez-Galdamez Jordi Blasco Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez Luisa Fonseca M Luis Silva Teddy Y Wu Simon John Alex Brehm Marios Psychogios William J Mack Matthew Tenser Tatemi Todaka Miki Fujimura Roberta Novakovic Jun Deguchi Yuri Sugiura Hiroshi Tokimura Rakesh Khatri Michael Kelly Lissa Peeling Yuichi Murayama Hugh Stephen Winters Johnny Wong Mohamed Teleb Jeremy Payne Hiroki Fukuda Kosuke Miyake Junsuke Shimbo Yusuke Sug Neurology RadiologyBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Marcus Stroke&Neuroscience CenterGrady Memorial HospitalEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Radiology Radiation OncologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurosurgery National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurology Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt Radiology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Xinqiao HospitalChongqingChina Neurosurgery University of Cape TownRondeboschWestern CapeSouth Africa Neurosurgery Interventional NeuroradiologyClinica La Sagrada FamiliaBuenos AiresArgentina Neuroradiologie Neurologie VasculaireHospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Neurologie Vasculaire Hospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Interventional Neuroradiology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de RothschildParisÎle-de FranceFrance Neurology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Interventional Neuroradiology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Neuroradiology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Department of Neurosurgery Kobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan Interventional Neurovascular Unit University Hospital CareggiFirenzeToscanaItaly Neuroradiology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia Interventional Neuroradiology Hopital BicetreLe Kremlin-BicetreFrance Stroke and Interventional Neuroradiology Lahore General HospitalLahorePakistan Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Department of Radiology Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland Neurology Stroke UnitHospital-Estadual CentralVitoriaBrazil Neuroradiology Instituto de Neurocirugia Dr AsengoSantiagoChile Interventional Neuroradiology Institut National de NeurologieTunisTunisia Neurology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurosurgery Boston Medical Center

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were *** study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar *** We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke *** with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysmal SAH,ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,*** 3-month cumulative volume,monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before(1 year and immediately before)and during the pandemic,defined as 1 March-31 May *** prior 1-year control period(1 March-31 May 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal *** There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,p<0.0001).Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative *** analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,p<0.0001).A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this *** There was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 *** findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies,such as stroke and myocardial infarction.

关键词： diagnosis representing subarachnoid

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