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Effects of l-arginine,guanidinoacetic acid and l-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 225-234页

作者： Hiep Thi Dao Amy F.Moss emma J.Bradbury Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia Faculty of Animal Science Vietnam National University of AgricultureTrau Quy TownGia Lam DistrictHanoi100000Vietnam Baiada Poultry Pty limited Pendle HillNew South Wales2145Australia

The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying *** study was implemented to determine the effects of l-arginine(Arg),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),and l-citrulline(Cit)supplementation to Argdeficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology,strength,and mineralization status of laying *** housed Hy-line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of *** consisted of a standard protein diet(17%crude protein,SP),a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg(13%crude protein,RP),and RP supplemented with Arg(0.35%Arg,RP-Arg),GAA(0.46%GAA equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-GAA),or Cit(0.35%Cit equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-Cit)to reach the Arg level of SP *** fed the SP diet had similar bone weight,ash,length,width,Seedor index,breaking strength,and serum mineral concentration,but higher toe B level(Plso excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet(Plower Cu digestibility(P=0.01)and higher B retention(Plative femur weight and length(Plline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash,and Zn digestibility(Plementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca,P,and Mg levels,decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level,but increased Al,Fe,Zn,and Mn digestibility(Playing hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral ***,bone morphology and breaking strength,and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP *** Arg,GAA,or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and

关键词： Ash Breaking strength Femur low protein Minerals Digestibility

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Smelling fit： scent marking exposes parasitic infection status in the banded mongoose

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 237-247页

作者： Jessica MITCHEll Michael A. CANT emma I.K. VITIKAINEN Hazel J. NICHOlS School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 AF UK Centrefor Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus TRIO 9FE UK

Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.

关键词： Isospora olfaction parasite scent scent preferences Toxocara.

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Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第3期13卷 260-271页

作者： Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann emma l Redman David R Webb emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant Diabetes Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom The Hanning Sleep laboratory University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research CentreLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom leicester Diabetes Centre University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East MidlandsLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Diabetes University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerby DE223NEUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger *** To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with *** A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 *** and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood *** and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk *** A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in *** diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older *** results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other *** age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and *** The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardi

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Early-onset adult type 2 diabetes Age of onset Cardiovascular risk Young adults Glycaemic control Obesity

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4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) pH sensors as liposomal cellular imaging agents: The effect of substituent patterns on PET directional quenching

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 61-75页

作者： Miguel Martinez-Calvo Sandra A.Bright emma B.Veale Adam F.Henwood D.Clive Williams Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute(TBSI) Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute(TBSI) Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares(CIQUS)and Departamento de Quimica Organica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Rua Jenaro de la Fuente s/n15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain

Four new fluorescent sensors(1-4)based on the 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores(Naps)have been synthesized based on the classical fluorophore-spacer-receptor *** four compounds all gave rise to emission bands centred at ca.535 nm,which were found to be highly pH dependent,the emission being‘switched on’in acidic media,while being quenched due to PET from the amino moieties to the excited state of the Nap at more alkaline *** luminescent pH dependence for these probes was found to be highly dependent on the substitution on the imide site,as well as the polyamine chain attached to the position 4-amino *** the case of sensor 2 the presence of the 4-amino-aniline dominated the pH dependent ***,at higher pH,PET quenching was also found to occur from the polyamine ***,2 is better described as a receptor1-spacer1-fluorophore-spacer2-receptor2 system,where the dominant PET process is due to(normally less favourable)‘directional’PET quenching from the 4-amino-aniline unit to the Nap *** trends and pH fluorescence dependences were also seen for 3 and *** compounds were also tested for their imaging potential and toxicity against Hela cells(using DRAQ5 as nuclear stain which does now show pH dependent changes in acidic and neutral pH)and the results demonstrated that these compounds have reduced cellular viability at moderately high concentrations(with IC50 values between ca.8-30μmol?l^?1),but were found to be suitable for intracellular pH determination at 1μmol?l^?1 concentrations,where no real toxicity was *** allowed us to employ these as lysosomal probes at sub-toxic concentrations,where the Nap based emission was found to be pH depended,mirroring that seen in aqueous solution for 1-4,with the main fluorescence changes occurring within acidic to neutral pH.

关键词： sensors pH photoinduced electron transfer cellular imaging confocal microscopy

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Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas:A case study for Russian Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)reserves

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 2-15页

作者： Michiel H.H.HÖTTE Igor A.KOlODIN Sergei l.BEREZNUK Jonathan C.SlAGHT linda l.KERlEY Svetlana V.SOUTYRINA Galina P.SAlKINA Olga Y.ZAUMYSlOVA emma J.STOKES Dale G.MIQUEllE Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Phoenix Fund VladivostokRussian Federation Zoological Society of london Regent’s ParkLondonEngland Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik Primorskii KraiRussian Federation lazovskii State Nature Zapovednik Primorskii KraiRussian Federation Department of Ecology Far Eastern Federal UniversityAyaksRusski Island

Although considerable conservation resources have been committed to develop and use law enforcement monitoring and management tools such as SMART,measures of success are ill-defined and,to date,few reports detail results ***,we present 4 case studies from protected areas with Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Russia,in which indicators of success were defined and evaluated at *** ultimate goal was an increase in tiger numbers to 1 individual/100 km^(2)at each *** predicted that improvements in law enforcement effectiveness would be followed by increases in prey numbers and,subsequently,tiger *** used short-term and long-term indicators of success,including:(i)patrol team effort and effectiveness;(ii)catch per unit effort indicators(to measure reductions in threats);and(iii)changes in target species *** addition to implementing a monitoring system,we focused on improving law enforcement management using an adaptive management *** 4 years,we noted clear increases in patrol effort and a partial reduction in *** we did not detect clear trends in ungulate numbers,tiger populations remained stable or increased,suggesting that poaching of tigers may be more limiting than prey *** effectiveness is needed before a clear reduction in threats can be noted,and more time is needed before detecting responses in target ***,delineation of concrete goals and indicators of success provide a means of evaluating progress and *** monitoring should be a central component of law enforcement strategies for protected areas.

关键词： adaptive patrol management Amur tiger anti-poaching law enforcement monitoring SMART

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Acrylamide fragment inhibitors that induce unprecedented conformational distortions in enterovirus 713C and SARS-CoV-2 main protease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第10期12卷 3924-3933页

作者： Bo Qin Gregory B.Craven Pengjiao Hou Julian Chesti Xinran lu emma S.Child Rhodri M.l.Morgan Wenchao Niu lina Zhao Alan Armstrong David J.Mann Sheng Cui NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100076China Department of life Sciences Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusWood LaneLondon W120BZUK CAS Key laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy PhysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

RNA viruses are critically dependent upon virally encoded proteases to cleave the viral polyproteins into functional *** of these proteases exhibit a similar fold and contain an essential catalytic cysteine,offering the opportunity to inhibit these enzymes with electrophilic small *** we describe the successful application of quantitative irreversible tethering(qIT)to identify acrylamide fragments that target the active site cysteine of the 3C protease(3Cpro)of Enterovirus 71,the causative agent of hand,foot and mouth disease in humans,altering the substrate binding ***,we re-purpose these hits towards the main protease(Mpro)of SARS-CoV-2 which shares the 3C-like fold and a similar active *** hit fragments covalently link to the catalytic cysteine of Mpro to inhibit its *** demonstrate that targeting the active site cysteine of Mpro can have profound allosteric effects,distorting secondary structures to disrupt the active dimeric unit.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Protease inhibitors Covalent fragments Allosteric inhibition EV71

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Monitoring magnesium degradation using microdialysis and fabric-based biosensors

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Science China Materials 2018年第4期61卷 643-651页

作者： M.Su Natasha Radha S.P.Malon Dedy H.B.Wicaksono emma P.Córcoles Hendra Hermawan Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology Swiss German University Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM) CSIC Campus UAB Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & CHU de Québec Research Center

This paper describes the development of a monitoring system capable of detecting the concentration of magnesium ions(Mg^(2+)) released during the degradation of magnesium implants. The system consists of a microdialysis probe that samples fluid adjacent to the implant and a catalytic biosensor specific to Mg^(2+)ions. The biosensor was fabricated on a cotton fabric platform, in which a mixture of glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase enzymes was immobilized on the fabric device via a simple matrix entrapment technique of the cotton fibers. Pure magnesium was used as the implant material. Subsequently, the concentration of ions released from the degradation of the magnesium specimen in Ringer's solution was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry technique. The device demonstrated a pseudo-linear response from 0.005 to 0.1 mmol l^(-1) with a slope of 67.48 μA mmol^(-1) l. Detectable interfering species were lesser than 1%indicating a high selectivity of the fabric device. Furthermore,the device requires only 3 μl of fluid sample to complete the measurement compared to spectroscopic method(±50 μl),hence providing a higher temporal resolution and reduced sampling time. The system could potentially provide a real time assessment of the degradation behavior, a new studied aspect in biodegradable metals research.

关键词： biodegradable metal biosensor fabric device magnesium microdialysis

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Conventional type 1 dendritic cells protect against age-related adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 260-275页

作者： Elena Hernández-García Francisco J.Cueto emma C.l.Cook Ana Redondo-Urzainqui Sara Charro-Zanca Iñaki Robles-Vera Ruth Conde-Garrosa Ivana Nikolić Guadalupe Sabio David Sancho Salvador Iborra Department of Immunology Ophthalmology and ENTSchool of MedicineUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares(CNIC) Madrid 28029Spain

Conventional dendritic cells(cDCs)scan and integrate environmental cues in almost every tissue,including exogenous metabolic *** cDCs are critical in maintaining immune balance,their role in preserving energy homeostasis is ***,we showed that Batf3-deficient mice lacking conventional type 1 DCs(cDC1s)had increased body weight and adiposity during *** led to impaired energy expenditure and glucose tolerance,insulin resistance,dyslipidemia,and liver ***1 deficiency caused adipose tissue inflammation that was preceded by a paucity of NK1.1+invariant NKT(iNKT)***,among antigen-presenting cells,cDC1s exhibited notable induction of IFN-γproduction by iNKT cells,which plays a metabolically protective role in lean adipose ***3l treatment,which expands the dendritic cell(DC)compartment,mitigated diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in a Batf3-dependent *** effect was partially mediated by NK1.1+*** results reveal a new critical role for the cDC1-iNKT cell axis in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis.

关键词： Dendritic Cells NKT Obesity ageing FlT3l

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Regulating the morphology of fluorinated non-fullerene acceptor and polymer donor via binary solvent mixture for high efficiency polymer solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第9期62卷 1221-1229页

作者： Mengxue Chen Zhuohan Zhang Wei li Jinlong Cai Jiangsheng Yu emma l. K. Spooner Rachel C. Kilbride Donghui li Baocai Du Robert S. Gurney Dan liu Weihua Tang David G. lidzey Tao Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China State Key laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7RH UK

Fluorinated non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs) usually have planar backbone and a higher tendency to crystallize compared to their non-fluorinated counterparts, which leads to enhanced charge mobility in organic solar cells(OSCs). However, this selforganization behavior may result in excessive phase separation with electron donors and thereby deteriorate device ***, we demonstrate an effective approach to tune the molecular organization of a fluorinated NFA(INPIC-4 F), and its phase separation with the donor PBDB-T, by varying the casting solvent. A prolonged film drying time encourages the crystallization of INPIC-4 F into spherulites and consequently results in excessive phase separation, leading to a low device power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.1%. Contrarily, a drying time leads to fine mixed domains with inefficient charge transport properties,resulting in a moderate device PCE of 11.4%. An intermediate film drying time results in the formation of face-on π-π stacked PBDB-T and INPIC-4 F domains with continuous phase-separated networks, which facilitates light absorption, exciton dissociation as well as balanced charge transport towards the electrode, and achieves a remarkable PCE of 13.1%. This work provides a rational guide for optimizing the molecular ordering of NFAs and electron donors for high device efficiency.

关键词： organic solar cells non-fullerene acceptors solvent morphology efficiency

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An external quantum efficiency of>20%from solutionprocessed poly(dendrimer)organic light-emitting diodes

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npj Flexible Electronics 2018年第1期2卷 213-218页

作者： Fatemeh Maasoumi Ross D.Jansen-van Vuuren Paul E.Shaw emma V.Puttock Ravi Chandra Raju Nagiri Jake A.McEwan Mark Bown Jenny l.O’Connell Christopher J.Dunn Paul l.burn Ebinazar B.Namdas Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics(COPE) School of Chemistry&Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics&PhysicsUniversity of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia CSIRO Manufacturing Research WayClaytonVIC 3168Australia

Controlling the orientation of the emissive dipole has led to a renaissance of organic light-emitting diode(OlED)research,with external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)of>30%being reported for phosphorescent *** highly efficient OlEDs are generally manufactured using evaporative methods and are comprised of small-molecule heteroleptic phosphorescent iridium(III)complexes blended with a host and additional layers to balance charge injection and *** area OlEDs for lighting and display applications would benefit from low-cost solution processing,provided that high EQEs could be ***,we show that poly(dendrimer)s consisting of a non-conjugated polymer backbone with iridium(III)complexes forming the cores of firstgeneration dendrimer side chains can be co-deposited with a host by solution processing to give highly efficient *** bilayer devices comprising the emissive layer and an electron transport layer gave an EQE of>20%at luminances of up to≈300 cd/m^(2),showing that polymer engineering can enable alignment of the emissive dipole of solution-processed phosphorescent materials.

关键词： quantum dipole light

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