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Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 806-813页

作者： Claire Stenhouse emma Hurst Richard j.Mellanby Cheryl j.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK Current Affiliation Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843‑2471USA Clinical Sciences Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian ***,the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D sta-tus throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and *** abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC–MS/MS at gestational days(GD)18,30,45,60 and 90(n=5–11 gilts/GD).Maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased between GD18 and GD30(P<0.05).The relationship between maternal vitamin D metabolite concentrations and litter characteristics of interest including gilt weight,ovulation rate,mean litter weight,number of live foetuses,percentage prenatal survival,and sex ratio of the litter was *** 25(OH)D(P=0.059)concentrations tended to be positively associated with percentage prenatal survival on *** GD90,maternal 25(OH)D(P<0.05)concentrations were inversely associated with gilt *** plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of male foetuses in the litter on GD90(P<0.05).This study has provided novel insights into temporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout ges-tation and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and the economically important litter characteristics of gilt weight,percentage prenatal survival and percentage of male foetuses in the *** the understanding of the role of vitamin D across important developmental timepoints in relation to foetal growth is essential to improve reproductive success in livestock species.

关键词： Porcine Pregnancy Vitamin D

Effects of L-arginine,guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 225-234页

作者： Hiep Thi Dao Amy F.Moss emma j.Bradbury Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia Faculty of Animal Science Vietnam National University of AgricultureTrau Quy TownGia Lam DistrictHanoi100000Vietnam Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNew South Wales2145Australia

The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying *** study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine(Arg),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),and L-citrulline(Cit)supplementation to Argdeficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology,strength,and mineralization status of laying *** housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of *** consisted of a standard protein diet(17%crude protein,SP),a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg(13%crude protein,RP),and RP supplemented with Arg(0.35%Arg,RP-Arg),GAA(0.46%GAA equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-GAA),or Cit(0.35%Cit equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-Cit)to reach the Arg level of SP *** fed the SP diet had similar bone weight,ash,length,width,Seedor index,breaking strength,and serum mineral concentration,but higher toe B level(P<0.001)compared to those fed the RP diet at wk *** fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet(P<0.01).Birds fed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility(P=0.01)and higher B retention(P<0.01)compared to those offered the RP *** of Arg,GAA,and Cit to the RP diet increased relative femur weight and length(P<0.001).Citrulline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash,and Zn digestibility(P<0.05).Supplementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca,P,and Mg levels,decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level,but increased Al,Fe,Zn,and Mn digestibility(P<0.05).The current findings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral ***,bone morphology and breaking strength,and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP *** Arg,GAA,or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and

关键词： Ash Breaking strength Femur Low protein Minerals Digestibility

The Representation of Soil Moisture−Atmosphere Feedbacks across the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2063-2081页

作者： joshua TALIB Omar V.MÜLLER emma j.BARTON Christopher M.TAYLOR Pier Luigi VIDALE U.K.Centre of Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordOX108BBU.K. National Centre for Atmospheric Science ReadingRG66BBU.K. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático(CEVARCAM)Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias HídricasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina National Centre for Earth Observation WallingfordOX108BBU.K. Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReadingRG66BBU.K.

Thermal processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)influence atmospheric conditions on regional and global *** this,previous work has shown that soil moisture−driven surface flux variations feed back onto the *** soil moisture is a source of atmospheric predictability,no study has evaluated soil moisture−atmosphere coupling on the TP in general circulation models(GCMs).In this study,we use several analysis techniques to assess soil moisture−atmosphere coupling in CMIP6 simulations including:instantaneous coupling indices;analysis of flux and atmospheric behaviour during dry spells;and a quantification of the preference for convection over drier *** these metrics we partition feedbacks into their atmospheric and terrestrial *** with previous global studies,we conclude substantial inter-model differences in the representation of soil moisture−atmosphere coupling,and that most models underestimate such *** on dry spell analysis,most models underestimate increased sensible heat during periods of rainfall *** example,the model-mean bias in anomalous sensible heat flux is 10 W m−2(≈25%)smaller compared to *** dry-spell sensible heat fluxes lead to a weaker atmospheric *** also find that most GCMs fail to capture the negative feedback between soil moisture and deep *** poor simulation of feedbacks in CMIP6 experiments suggests that forecast models also struggle to exploit soil moisture−driven *** improve the representation of land−atmosphere feedbacks requires developments in not only atmospheric modelling,but also surface processes,as we find weak relationships between rainfall biases and coupling indexes.

关键词： model evaluation land-atmosphere feedbacks Tibetan Plateau precipitation surface energy balance

Comparisons of jOULE 1 rocket thermospheric wind observations in high latitudes with GITM simulations

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2017年第3期60卷 412-418页

作者： DENG Yue LARSEN Miguel F ridley Aaron j ZHAN TianYu Department of Physics University of Texas at Arlington Department of Physics Clemson University Center for Space Environment Modeling The University of Michigan

4 Summary and conclusion The jOULE sounding rocket 1 experiment was carried out at Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska around 1200 UT on March 27th,2003 with two instrumented rockets and one chemical tracer *** the released TMA trails,neutral wind measurements from approximately 85 to 160 km altitude showed a vertically propagating wave and a jet structure around 120 km *** shears appeared at the bottom side of the jet with Richardson numbers close to or smaller than the critical value of 0.25,which implies the possible existence of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities caused by the vertical shear in the fast flows.

关键词：探空火箭焦耳中高纬风观测模拟热层垂直传播化学示踪剂

Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites:Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 363-377页

作者： emma j.STOKES Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronxNew YorkUSA

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95%over the past *** the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source *** 2008-2010,standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring(LEM)was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement ***-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance,although,until recently,it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation *** present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST,a computerized management information system for ranger-based data *** framework addresses many of the technical,practical and institutional challenges involved in the design,implementation,sustainability and evaluation of *** of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts,to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to *** combined with independent,systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey,LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.

关键词： law enforcement monitoring MIST protected areas protection tigers

Barriers and facilitators to participating in cardiac rehabilitation and physical activity:A cross-sectional survey

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World journal of Cardiology 2022年第2期14卷 83-95页

作者： Matthew james Fraser Stephen j Leslie Trish Gorely emma Foster Ronie Walters Division of Biomedical Science University of the Highlands and IslandsInverness IV23JHUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiology NHS HighlandInverness IV23UJUnited Kingdom Department of Nursing and Midwifery University of the Highlands and IslandsInverness IV23JHUnited Kingdom Cardiac Unit NHSH NHS HighlandInverness IV23JHUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)have been shown to be the greatest cause of death worldwide and rates continue to *** is recommended that CVD patients attend cardiac rehabilitation(CR)following a cardiac event to reduce mortality,improve recovery and positively influence behaviour around CVD risk *** the recognised benefits and international recommendations for exercisebased CR,uptake and attendance remain suboptimal.A greater understanding of CR barriers and facilitators is required,not least to inform service *** understanding current cardiac patients’attitudes and opinions around CR and physical activity(PA)could inform patient-led ***,through understanding aspects of CR and PA that participants like/dislike could provide healthcare providers and policy makers with information around what elements to target in the *** To investigate participants’attitudes and opinions around CR and *** This study employed a cross-sectional survey design on 567 cardiac *** patients who were referred for standard CR classes at a hospital in the Scottish Highlands,from May 2016 to May 2017 were *** part of a larger survey,the current study analysed the free-text responses to 5 open-ended questions included within the wider *** were related to the participants’experience of CR,reasons for non-attendance,ideas to increase attendance and their opinions on *** data were analysed using a 6-step,reflexive thematic *** Two main topic areas were explored:“Cardiac rehabilitation experience”and“physical activity”.Self-efficacy was increased as a result of attending CR due to exercising with similar individuals and the safe environment *** ranged from age and health to distance and starting times of the classes which increased travel time and ***,responses demonstrated a lack of information and communication around the *** h

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Cardiac rehabilitation Physical activity Barriers Facilitators Patient experience

Fine root litter quality regulates soil carbon storage efficiency in subtropical forest soils

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Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第4期5卷 65-80页

作者： Shan Xu Fanglong Su emma j.Sayer Shu Kee Lam Xiankai Lu Chengshuai Liu Derrick Y.F.Lai Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510070China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O.Box 0843-03092BalboaAnconPanamaRepublic of Panama School of Agriculture and Food The University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science&TechnologyGuangzhou 510650China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

●High-quality and low-quality root litter had contrasting patterns of mass loss.●Greater litter-derived C was incorporated into soils under high-quality root litter.●Root litter decay rate or litter-derived C were related to soil microbial diversity.●Root litter quality had little effect on soil physicochemical properties.●High root litter quality was the main driver of enhanced soil C storage *** root litter is a major contributor to soil carbon(C)storage in forest *** decomposition,the quality of root litter could play a critical role in soil C ***,it is unclear whether root litter quality influences soil C storage *** conducted a two-year greenhouse decomposition experiment using 13C-labeled fine root litter of two tree species to investigate how root litter quality,represented by C to nitrogen(C/N)ratios,regulates decomposition and C storage efficiency in subtropical forest soils in China.‘High-quality’root litter(C/N ratio=26)decayed faster during the first year(0−410 days),whereas‘low-quality’root litter(C/N ratio=46)decomposed faster toward the end of the two-year period(598−767 days).However,over the two years of the study,mass loss from high-quality root litter(29.14±1.42%)was lower than‘low-quality’root litter(33.01±0.54%).Nonetheless,root litter C storage efficiency(i.e.,the ratio of new root litter-derived soil C to total mineralized root litter C)was significantly greater for high-quality root litter,with twice as much litter-derived C stored in soils compared to low-quality root litter at the end of the *** litter quality likely influenced soil C storage via changes in microbial diversity,as the decomposition of high-quality litter declined with increasing bacterial diversity,whereas the amount of litter-derived soil C from low-quality litter increased with fungal *** results thus reveal that root litter quality mediates decomposition and C storage in subtropical forest soils in Ch

关键词： fine root litter quality root litter decomposition litter carbon storage efficiency soil organic carbon accumulation subtropical forest

磁暴期间亚极光区极化流(SAPS)的DMSP观测与RAM模拟的比较研究

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地球物理学报 2009年第6期52卷 1419-1428页

作者：王慧马淑英 A．j．ridley 武汉大学电子信息学院教育部地球空间环境与大地测量重点实验室武汉430079 中国科学院空间天气学国家重点实验室北京100080 美国密西根大学空间环境模拟研究中心

亚极光区极化流(Subauroral Polarization Streams,SAPS)为快速流动的西向等离子体流,位于昏侧-子夜前亚极光区,是磁层-电离层-热层耦合的重要过程之一.本文利用密西根大学的RAM(Ring current-AtmosphereInteraction Model)模型对一次... 详细信息

亚极光区极化流(Subauroral Polarization Streams,SAPS)为快速流动的西向等离子体流,位于昏侧-子夜前亚极光区,是磁层-电离层-热层耦合的重要过程之一.本文利用密西根大学的RAM(Ring current-AtmosphereInteraction Model)模型对一次典型磁暴期间发生的SAPS事件进行了模拟,并与DMSP卫星观测值进行了比较.结果表明:模拟结果能大致反映观测现象;模拟得到的SAPS峰值速度所在纬度随磁暴时间的变化与观测值有较大差别;SAPS速度观测值在约18:00 UT和约20:00 UT左右出现两个峰值,而模拟值只有一个峰值,出现在约18:00 UT,主要原因是模型对亚暴过程的模拟存在不足.

关键词：亚极光区极化流 RAM模型磁暴亚暴

Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis

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World journal of Diabetes 2022年第3期13卷 260-271页

作者： Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann emma L Redman David R Webb emma G Wilmot Tom Yates jian Yeo Melanie j Davies jack A Sargeant Diabetes Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom The Hanning Sleep Laboratory University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research CentreLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Leicester Diabetes Centre University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East MidlandsLeicester LE54PWUnited Kingdom Department of Diabetes University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerby DE223NEUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger *** To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with *** A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 *** and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood *** and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk *** A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in *** diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older *** results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other *** age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and *** The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardi

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Early-onset adult type 2 diabetes Age of onset Cardiovascular risk Young adults Glycaemic control Obesity