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Modern internet search analytics and thyroidectomy:What are patients asking?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 49-58页

作者： Neeraj Suresh Christian Fritz emma De Ravin Karthik Rajasekaran Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:Thyroidectomy is among the most commonly performed head and neck surgeries,however,limited existing information is available on topics of interest and concern to patients.Study Design:Observational.Setting:Online.Methods:A search engine optimization tool was utilized to extract metadata on Google‐suggested questions that“People Also Ask”(PAA)pertaining to“thyroidectomy”and“thyroid surgery.”These questions were categorized by Rothwell criteria and topics of interest.The Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)benchmark criteria enabled quality assessment.Results:A total of 250 PAA questions were analyzed.Future‐oriented PAA questions describing what to expect during and after the surgery on topics such as postoperative management,risks or complications of surgery,and technical details were significantly less popular among the“thyroid surgery”group(P<0.001,P=0.005,and P<0.001,respectively).PAA questions about scarring and hypocalcemia were nearly threefold more popular than those related to pain(335 and 319 vs.113 combined search engine response page count,respectively).The overall JAMA quality score remained low(2.50±1.07),despite an increasing number of patients searching for“thyroidectomy”(r(77)=0.30,P=0.007).Conclusions:Patients searching for the nonspecific term“thyroid surgery”received a curated collection of PAA questions that were significantly less likely to educate them on what to expect during and after surgery,as compared to patients with higher health literacy who search with the term“thyroidectomy.”This suggests that the content of PAA questions differs based on the presumed health literacy of the internet user.

关键词： information quality online health education search analytics thyroid surgery thyroidectomy

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Extreme Weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An Eight-County Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao Fiona C.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko-Schoeny College of Social Work The Ohio State University Age Friendly Innovation Center College of Social Work The Ohio State University College of Public Health The Ohio State University

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第4期 36-37,50页

作者： emma Fox OLIVE CHU(PAGE DESIGN) 不详

许多类型的专业人士选择在社交媒体上聚焦他们的职业,有的是为了引起人们对其职业的兴趣、更正错误观念、吸引客户、赚取额外收入,有的只是为了好玩。观众也乐于关注他们。你是否想要迈出那一步来成为线上专家?你想不想和自己领域里的... 详细信息

许多类型的专业人士选择在社交媒体上聚焦他们的职业,有的是为了引起人们对其职业的兴趣、更正错误观念、吸引客户、赚取额外收入,有的只是为了好玩。观众也乐于关注他们。你是否想要迈出那一步来成为线上专家?你想不想和自己领域里的其他专业人士产生联结,并和群众分享资源?下面是一些决窍,告诉你如何利用自己在工作上已经建立的专长来打造个人品牌。

关键词：社交媒体个人品牌专业人士额外收入兴趣更正错误专家职业

The birth hour of mammals:insights from intra-specific variation in wild blue monkeys

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 499-506页

作者： Marina Cords emma Gometz Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology 695 Park AvenueNew YorkNY 10065USA

While most mammals show birth hour peaks at times of the 24-h cycle when they are less active,there are exceptions to this general pattern.Such exceptions have been little explored,but may clarify evolutionary reasons for the diel timing of births.We investigated intraspecific variation in birth hour in wild blue monkeys Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni,a diurnal primate,to identify factors that differentiated daytime versus nighttime births.Behavioral and life history data from 14 groups over 14 years revealed that 4%of 484 births occurred during the day.Probability of daytime birth varied with mother’s age,peaking at 15.7 years.Births whose annual timing deviated most from the population’s peak birth months were 5 times more likely to occur during daytime than those that deviated less.There was no evidence that mother’s rank or infant sex influenced birth hour,and mixed evidence that daytime births were more probable in larger groups.Survivorship did not differ significantly for infants born during the day versus night.Prime-aged mothers may be able to handle the consequences of an unusual birth hour more successfully than mothers with less experience or those weakened by age.Daytime birth may be more advantageous in the off-season because nights are colder at that time of year.These findings are consistent with hypotheses relating birth hour to the risk of losing social protection in group-living animals,but are not consistent with those emphasizing risk of conspecific harassment.Patterns of within-species variation can help in evaluating evolutionary hypotheses for non-random birth hour.

关键词： birth timing Cercopithecus mitis circadian pattern diel cycle guenon parturition

Advances in In Vitro and In Vivo Bioreactor-Based Bone Generation for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 203-216页

作者： emma Watson Antonios G.Mikos Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77030USA

Craniofacial reconstruction requires robust bone of specified geometry for the repair to be both functional and aesthetic.While native bone from elsewhere in the body can be harvested,shaped,and implanted within a defect,using either an in vitro or in vivo bioreactors eliminates donor site morbidity while increasing the customizability of the generated tissue.In vitro bioreactors utilize cells harvested from the patient,a scaffold,and a device to increase mass transfer of nutrients,oxygen,and waste,allowing for generation of larger viable tissues.In vivo bioreactors utilize the patient’s own body as a source of cells and of nutrient transfer and involve the implantation of a scaffold with or without growth factors adjacent to vasculature,followed by the eventual transfer of vascularized,mineralized tissue to the defect site.Several different models of in vitro bioreactors exist,and several different implantation sites have been successfully utilized for in vivo tissue generation and defect repair in humans.In this review,we discuss the specifics of each bioreactor strategy,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each and the future directions for the engineering of bony tissues for craniofacial defect repair.

关键词： defect implantation utilize

Synaptopathy in CHMP2B frontotemporal dementia highlights the synaptic vesicle cycle as a therapeutic target

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 315-316页

作者： Miranda Robbins emma L.Clayton MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Department of Zoology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience InstituteLondonUK

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD)are both devastating neurodegenerative conditions.Despite affecting different regions of the nervous system(FTD affecting primarily the frontal and temporal lobes,whilst ALS presents with motor neuron loss),there is significant overlap between these conditions in terms of genetics,pathology,and disease mechanisms,and they are therefore often grouped as a spectrum of symptoms under the heading FTD/ALS(Abramzon et al.,2020).Significantly,there is currently no cure for ALS or FTD.However,recent mechanistic insight points to a novel pathway to target for potential therapeutic intervention.

关键词： therapeutic pathology

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Cytotoxic FCER1G^(+) innate-like T cells:new potential for tumour immunotherapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第7期7卷 2133-2134页

作者： emma Morrish Jurgen Ruland Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany TranslaTUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site MunichMunichGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Chou and colleagues define a new evolutionarily conserved class of tumour-elicited immune response mediated by a distinct population of T cell receptor(TCR)-positive FCER1G-expressing innate-like T cells with high cytotoxic potential(αβILTCKs).1 Targeted immunotherapies and most prominently immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapies,brought clinical benefits to tumour patients that were inconceivable 15 years ago.2 These ICBs target inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 on tumour infiltrating CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)that can recognise mutated cancer cell antigens and thereby enable tumour cell killing.Yet,a significant cohort of cancer patients are non-responsive to ICB treatment and therefore,there is a strong need to discover additional anti-cancer immunomechanisms.Recent work in Nature by Chou and colleagues identifies a population ofαβILTCKs that exhibit reactivity to unmutated tumour antigens.

关键词： tumour clinical lymphocytes

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巧克力美味奥秘

环球科学 2024年第6期 52-53页

作者：艾玛·戴维斯不详

巧克力是一种化学成分非常复杂的美食,它含有500多种各具特色的风味物质,还有一些兴奋剂和抗氧化剂。多样的成分,让制作巧克力理所当然地成了一门科学,考验着制作者对温度的精确掌控。首先,可可脂有六种不同的结晶形式,每一种结晶形式... 详细信息

巧克力是一种化学成分非常复杂的美食,它含有500多种各具特色的风味物质,还有一些兴奋剂和抗氧化剂。多样的成分,让制作巧克力理所当然地成了一门科学,考验着制作者对温度的精确掌控。首先,可可脂有六种不同的结晶形式,每一种结晶形式所需的温度不尽相同。为了得到最佳风味,巧克力成品中可可脂结晶的类型、大小和形状都必须恰到好处。

关键词：可可脂巧克力抗氧化剂风味物质结晶形式兴奋剂化学成分美食

Genomic structural variation in tomato and its role in plant immunity

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 91-100页

作者： emma Jobson Robyn Roberts Montana State University Extension Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59717United States Agricultural Biology Department College of Agricultural SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA

It is well known that large genomic variations can greatly impact the phenotype of an organism.Structural Variants(SVs)encompass any genomic variation larger than 30 base pairs,and include changes caused by deletions,inversions,duplications,transversions,and other genome modifications.Due to their size and complex nature,until recently,it has been difficult to truly capture these variations.Recent advances in sequencing technology and computational analyses now permit more extensive studies of SVs in plant genomes.In tomato,advances in sequencing technology have allowed researchers to sequence hundreds of genomes from tomatoes,and tomato relatives.These studies have identified SVs related to fruit size and flavor,as well as plant disease response,resistance/susceptibility,and the ability of plants to detect pathogens(immunity).In this review,we discuss the implications for genomic structural variation in plants with a focus on its role in tomato immunity.We also discuss how advances in sequencing technology have led to new discoveries of SVs in more complex genomes,the current evidence for the role of SVs in biotic and abiotic stress responses,and the outlook for genetic modification of SVs to advance plant breeding objectives.

关键词： Immunity Structural variation Tomato Genetic engineering Disease Sequencing