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Impact of deforestation on habitat connectivity thresholds for large carnivores in tropical forests

Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 214-224页

作者： Miriam A.Zemanova Humberto l.Perotto-Baldivieso emily l.dickins Andrew B.Gill John P.leonard David B.Wester School of Energy Environment and AgrifoodCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUK Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of BernBaltzerstrasse 63012 BernSwitzerland Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene MorenoAvenida Irala 565Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia Hensmans Farm Nearton EndSwanbourne MK170SLUK Cape Eleuthera Institute EleutheraBahamas

Introduction:Deforestation significantly impacts large carnivores that depend on large tracts of interconnected forest habitat and that are sensitive to human *** the relationship between habitat use and spatial distribution of such species across human modified landscapes is critical when planning effective conservation *** study assessed the presence of potential landscape connectivity thresholds resulting from habitat fragmentation associated with different deforestation patterns using a scale-based approach that links species-specific home ranges with the extent of anthropogenic *** objectives were(1)to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of natural vegetation for five common deforestation patterns and(2)to evaluate the connectivity associated with these patterns and the existence of potential thresholds affecting jaguar *** Bolivian lowlands,located within jaguar conservation units,were analysed with landscape metrics to capture the spatial and temporal changes within deforested areas and to determine potential impact on jaguar connectivity and connectivity thresholds for ***:Over the period of 1976–2005,the amount of natural vegetation has decreased by more than 40%in all locations with the biggest changes occurring between 1991 and *** spatial structure around jaguar locations showed that jaguars used areas with mean proportion of natural areas=83.14%(SE=3.72%),mean patch density=1.16 patches/100 ha(SE=0.28 patches/100 ha),mean patch area=616.95 ha(SE=172.89 ha)and mean edge density=705.27 m/ha(SE=182.19 m/ha).We observed strong fragmentation processes in all study locations,which has resulted in the connectivity of jaguar habitat decreasing told zone was observed when the proportion of natural vegetation was less than 58.4%(SE=1.3).Conclusions:Assessing fragmentation and connectivity for carnivores within the extent of human-modified la

关键词： Bolivian lowlands Habitat fragmentation landscape metrics Panthera onca Threshold

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Continuity of care by a primary midwife(caseload midwifery):a cost analysis using results from the COSMOS randomised controlled trial

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 94-101页

作者： emily J Callander Hannah Jackson Helen l Mclachlan Mary-Ann Davey Della A Forster University of Technology Sydney SydneyNew South WalesAustralia The Royal Women's Hospital MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Faculty of Health University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia Judith lumley Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Nursing and Midwifery a Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia

Introduction Caseload midwifery(continuity of midwifery carer)offers benefits including lower caesarean section rates,lower risks of preterm birth and stilbirth,and improved maternal satisfaction of *** these advantages,concerns about additional costs hinder widespread *** study examinesthecost of caseload midwifery compared with standard maternity care from the perspective of both public hospitals and public *** A cost analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial of 2314 low-risk pregnant women in Melbourne,*** randomised to caseload care received antenatal,intrapartum and postpartum care from a primary midwife,with some care provided by a‘back-up'*** in standard care received midwifery-led care with varying levels of continuity,junior obstetric care or community-based medical *** cost analysis compared differences in mean costs of health resources to public hospitals and to public ***,a budget impact analysis estimated total costs to the health system between 2023 and *** For public hospitals,there was no significant difference in overall costs between women receiving caseload midwifery(n=1146)versus standard care(n=1151)($SA12363(SD:$A4967)vs$A12323(SD:$A7404);p=0.85).Conversely,public funders incurred lower expenditures for women receiving caseload midwifery($A20330(SD:$A8312))versus standard care($A21637(SD:$A11818);plysis estimated savings of sA625million to the health system over the next 5 years with expanded access to caseloadmidwifery *** Caseloadmidwifery in low-risk women is cost-neutral to public hospitals and cost-saving to public *** abstract Continuity of midwifery for low-risk women reduces costs to public funders,with no additional costs to hospitals.

关键词： random continuity Continuity

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An Automated,Highly Selective Reaction Monitoring Instrument Using Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第2期2卷 57-62页

作者： Ann Adele Byars Khushi R.Kompally emily Mechnick Reilly E.Sonstrom Alexander Mikhonin Justin l.Neill Ruth Boetzel James MacGregor Courtney Talicska Jian li Yizhou liu BrightSpec Inc.CharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Pfizer R&D UK limited Sandwich CT139NJUnited Kingdom Analytical Research and Development Pfizer Research and DevelopmentGrotonConnecticut 06340United States

Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these *** this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and extraordinarily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated reaction monitoring *** interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated sample loop,coupled to a temperature controlled inlet for analyte volatilization,was developed and *** reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction to form an imine product and an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol *** spectrometer was able to provide kinetic information about the reaction and determine reaction *** the future,this system can be extended to detect and quantify impurities and characterize reaction selectivity,in addition to the reaction progress.

关键词： molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy reaction monitoring reaction kinetics isotopes process analytical technology

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Synthesis and Characterization of Naproxen-Salicylate Derivatives as Potential Dual-Targeted Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第4期14卷 87-102页

作者： Syon Schlecht emily Gunderson Ruthie Fowler Takara Aguilar Biotechnology Research and Development Empower College and Career Center Jefferson Georgia

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate (DHF) to tetrahydrofolate (THF). Chemotherapy drugs such as methotrexate help to slow the progression of cancer by limiting the ability of dividing cells to make nucleotides by competitively inhibiting DHFR. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been previously reported to exhibit competitive inhibition of DHFR, in addition to their primary action on cyclooxygenase enzymes. This interaction interferes with the enzymatic reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, thereby impeding the folate metabolism pathway essential for nucleotide synthesis and cell proliferation. This activity stems from their structural resemblance to the p-aminobenzoyl-l-glutamate (pABG) moiety of folate, a substrate of DHFR. It has been established that NSAIDs containing a salicylate group (which has structural similarities to pABG), such as diflunisal, exhibit stronger DHFR-binding activity. In this study, we synthesized salicylate derivatives of naproxen with the aim of exploring their potential as inhibitors of DHFR. The interactions between these derivatives and human DHFR were characterized using a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and structural methods. Through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis, enzymatic assays, and quantitative ElISA, we investigated the binding affinity and inhibitory potency of the synthesized salicylate derivatives towards DHFR. The findings of this study suggest the potential of salicylate derivatives of naproxen as promising candidates for the inhibition of DHFR, thereby offering novel therapeutic opportunities for modulating the inflammatory process through multiple pathways. Further optimization of these derivatives could lead to the development of more efficacious dual-targeted analogs with enhanced therapeutic benefits.

关键词： Dihydrofolate Reductase DHFR Chemotherapy Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs NSAIDs Folate Metabolism Pathway Anti-Folate Novel Therapeutic Development

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long-term follow-up of kidney transplant recipients admitted to a tertiary care transplant center with SARS-CoV-2

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 87-95页

作者： emily E Zona Mina l Gibes Asha S Jain Jeannina A Smith Jacqueline M Garonzik-Wang Didier A Mandelbrot Sandesh Parajuli Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI 53705United States Department of Infectious Disease University of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadisonWI 53705United States Department of Surgery University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705United States Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI 53705United States Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWI 53705United States

BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients(KTR)are at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disease and mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** predicted that hospitalization for COVID-19 and subsequent admission to the intensive care unit(ICU)would yield worse outcomes in *** was stratified by ICU *** of interest included risk factors for ICU admission and mortality,length of stay(lOS),respiratory symptoms at admission,all-cause graft failure at the last follow-up,and death related to *** 96 KTRs were hospitalized for SARS-COV-2 infection.21(22%)required ICU *** ICU group had longer hospital lOS(21.8 vs 8.6 days,Plikely to experience graft failure(81%vs 31%,Plast-follow up,and 71%had death related to *** factors for ICU admission included male sex(aHR:3.11,95%CI:1.04-9.34;P=0.04).Risk factors for all-cause mortality and COVID-19-related mortality included ICU admission and advanced age at SARS-CoV-2 *** was highest within a month of COVID-19 diagnosis,with the ICU group having increased risk of all-cause(aHR:11.2,95%CI:5.11-24.5;Plated mortality(aHR:27.2,95%CI:8.69-84.9;PlUSION ICU admission conferred an increased risk of mortality,graft failure,and longer ***-fifth of those hospit-alized died of COVID-19,reflecting the impact of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality among KTRs.

关键词： Kidney transplants SARS-CoV-2 Intensive care unit admission Outcomes Graft failure

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott P. Jerome Kriya l. Dunlap Ava M. Parrish Matthew l. lowman emily M. Shipman lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in lower athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes between a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, we aimed to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples were taken in early February (“mid-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draws. Plasma was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athletic Performance Training Macrocycle

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利用探针跳跃式扫描离子电导显微镜技术揭示结直肠癌单细胞层面对H_(2)O_(2)良性应激的动态响应

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Science Bulletin 2024年第12期69卷 1909-1919页

作者：王东 emily Woodcock 杨羲 Hiromi Nishikawa Elena V.Sviderskaya Masanobu Oshima Christopher Edwards 张彦军 Yuri Korchev WPI Nano life Science Institute(WPI-Nano lSI) Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-1192Japan Department of Medicine Imperial College LondonLondon W120NNUnited Kingdom Cell Biology Research Centre Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George’sUniversity of LondonLondon SW170REUnited Kingdom

Colorectal cancer(CRC),a widespread malignancy,is closely associated with tumor microenvironmental hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))*** clinical trials targeting H_(2)O_(2)for cancer treatment have revealed its paradoxical role as a promoter of cancer *** the dynamics of cancer cell H_(2)O_(2)eustress at the single–cell level is *** this study,non–contact hopping probe mode scanning ion conductance microscopy(HPICM)with high-sensitive Pt–functionalized nanoelectrodes was employed to measure dynamic extracellular to intracellular H_(2)O_(2)gradients in individual colorectal cancer Caco–*** explored the relationship between cellular mechanical properties and H_(2)O_(2)*** to 0.1 or 1 mmol/l H_(2)O_(2)eustress increased the extracellular to intracellular H_(2)O_(2)gradient from 0.3 to 1.91 or 3.04,***,cellular F–actin–dependent stiffness increased at 0.1 mmol/l but decreased at 1 mmol/l H_(2)O_(2)*** H_(2)O_(2)–induced stiffness modulated AKT activation positively and glutathione peroxidase 2(GPX2)expression *** findings unveil the failure of some H_(2)O_(2)-targeted therapies due to their ineffectiveness in generating H_(2)O_(2),which instead acts eustress to promote cancer cell *** research also reveals the complex interplay between physical properties and biochemical signaling in cancer cells'antioxidant defense,illuminating the exploitation of H_(2)O_(2)eustress for survival at the single–cell *** GPX and/or catalase(CAT)enhances the cytotoxic activity of H_(2)O_(2)eustress against CRC cells,which holds significant promise for developing innovative therapies targeting cancer and other H_(2)O_(2)-related inflammatory diseases.

关键词： SPM Nanoprobe Nanobiology SECM ROS Stiffness

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Differential effects of short term winter thermal stress on diapausing tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio spp.）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 277-285页

作者： J. Mark Scriber emily Maher Matthew l. Aardema Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI McGuire Center for lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton N J USA

It is generally thought that insects inhabiting lower latitudes are more severely impacted by changes in their thermal environment than are high latitude species. This is attributed to the wider range of temperatures to which high-latitude species are exposed. By contrast, low-latitude species have typically evolved in more thermally stable environments with a narrower range of temperature variation. However, deviation from this pattern can occur and here we report that under variable winter conditions a higher latitude species may be more sensitive to thermal variation than its lower latitude sister species. Using split broods, we examined the survival and adult emergence success of diapausing pupae of Papilio canadensis and P. glaucus, as well as a unique, recombinant hybrid population （＂late-flight＂） to short periods of mid-winter cold and heat stress. Our results indicate that the higher latitude, univoltine populations （P. canadensis and late-flights） exhibit lower pupal survival than the lower latitude, facultative diapauser （P. glaucus） for all mid-winter thermal stress treatments, both high and low. Size differences alone do not appear to account for the observed differences in survival or metabolic costs in these three pheno- types, as late-flight individuals are similar in size to R glaucus. We attribute the observed differences in survival and weight loss to potential metabolic differences and variation in the intensity of diapause, in addition to divergent adaptation to winter precipitation levels （e.g. snow cover） and the influences this may have on microhabitat temperature moderation.

关键词： climate change developmental threshold incipient hybrid species metabolic cost Papilionidae post-diapause delays thermal stress

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Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam l Crane laurence E A Feyten emily Collins Grant E Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(Experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(Experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

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An examination of the population dynamics of syngnathid fishes within Tampa Bay,Florida,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 118-133页

作者： Heather D.MASONJONES emily ROSE lori Benson McRAE Danielle l.DIXSON Biology Department University of Tampa Biology Department Texas A & M University School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University

Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （Fl） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., Syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. Spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. Seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, Syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while S. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].

关键词： Syngnathids Habitat-use Seahorse Pipefish Population density Mark-recapture

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