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Perception of Potential Health Risk of climate change and Utilization of Fans and Air conditioners in a Representative Population of Hong Kong

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 105-118页

作者： Yang Gao emily Y.Y.chan Holly c.Y.Lam Aiwei Wang Department of Sport and Physical Education Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina collaborating centre for Oxford University and cUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

climate change, especially as reflected in heat waves, is a rising threat worldwide. Appropriate use of cooling devices can protect people from health impacts during a heat wave. A population-based telephone survey was conducted in a representative sample of residents in Hong Kong to investigate ownership and use of domestic cooling devices, identify correlates, and examine their associations with risk perception of potential health impact of climate change. More than 90% of the 1002 respondents owned and used cooling devices at home. The majority(57.7%) perceived the potential health risk of climate change at a high level. However, risk perception had no relationship with ownership and utilization of cooling devices. Old people(≥ 65 years), the low-educated, those with low income, and those with chronic diseases were more likely not to use air conditioners when feeling *** findings suggest that there are no signs showing people have taken more protective actions although half of respondents recognized climate change as a threat. Familial economic condition may be a major determinant in ownership and use of air conditioners at home. Old people and those with chronic diseases are at high risk of adverse exposure to climate change and therefore should be equipped with appropriate measures to use cooling devices.

关键词： climate change Domestic cooling device Heat wave health impact Hong Kong Risk perception

Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第2期14卷 139-144页

作者： Rui Guo emily c Liong Kwok Fai So Man-Lung Fung George L Tipoe Departments of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

BAcKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of *** probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin *** exercise is shown to improve *** review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on *** SOURcE：We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in Pub ***： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFLD include：（i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y expression levels; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome c released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. cONcLUSION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease chronic aerobic exercise oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis autophagy

Towards precision medicine:advances in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine cancer biomarker discovery in liquid biopsy

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cancer communications 2019年第1期39卷 113-121页

作者： chang Zeng emily Kunce Stroup Zhou Zhang Brian c-Hchiu Wei Zhang Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine680 N.Lake Shore Dr.Suite 1400ChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Public Health Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA The Robert H.Lurie comprehensive cancer center Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Institute of Precision Medicine Jining Medical UniversityJining 272067ShandongP.R.China.

Robust and clinically convenient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis,early detection,and prognosis have great potential to improve patient survival and are the key to precision *** advent of next-generation sequencing technologies enables a more sensitive and comprehensive profiling of genetic and epigenetic information in tumor-derived *** are now able to monitor the dynamics of tumorigenesis in new dimensions,such as using circulating cell-free DNA(cfDNA)and tumor DNA(ctDNA).Mutation-based assays in liquid biopsy cannot always provide consistent results across studies due partly to intra-and inter-tumoral heterogeneity as well as technical *** contrast,epigenetic analysis of patient-derived cfDNA is a promising alternative,especially for early detection and disease surveillance,because epigenetic modifications are tissue-specific and reflect the dynamic process of cancer ***,cfDNA-based epigenetic assays are emerging to be a highly sensitive,minimally invasive tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis with great potential in future precise care of cancer *** major obstacle for applying epigenetic analysis of cfDNA,however,has been the lack of enabling techniques with high sensitivity and technical *** this review,we summarized the advances in epigenome-wide profiling of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine(5hmc)in cfDNA,focusing on the detection approaches and potential role as biomarkers in different cancer types.

关键词： Liquid biopsy cell-free DNA Epigenetics cancer biomarker 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅰ:concept for a Subject-specific Analogue Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 747-756页

作者： constantinos Franceskides emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael cGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Impact and Armour Group Centre for Defence EngineeringCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercial spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and those developed for this purpose are expensive and yet still fail to replicate the mechanical performance of biological ***-specific analogues that address these limitations and avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of human cadavers are therefore *** present a method for the production and characterisation of biofidelic,patient-specific,Spine Motion Segment(SMS=2 vertebrae and the disk in between)analogues that allow for the biological variability encountered when dealing with real *** spine segments(L1-LA)were scanned by computed tomography,and 3D models were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS).Four biological specimens and four ABS motion segments were tested,three of which were further segmented into two Vertebral Bodies(VBs)with their intervertebral disc(IVD).All segments were loaded axially at 0.6 mm·min-1(strain-rate range 6×10-4 s-1-10×10-4 s-1).The artificial VBs behaved like biological segments within the elastic region,but the best two-part artificial IVD were^15%less stiffthan the biological ***-speed images recorded during compressive loading allowed full-field strains to be *** compression of the spine motion segments,IVDs experienced higher strains than VBs as *** method allows the rapid,inexpensive and reliable production of patient-specific 3D-printed analogues,which morphologically resemble the real ones,and whose mechanical behaviour is comparable to real biological spine motion segments and this is their biggest asset.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-cT 3D printing Digital Image correlation(DIc)

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅱ:Tuning and Optimisation for Biofidelic Performance

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 757-766页

作者： constantinos Franceskides emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael cGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercially available spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and the few that are suitable for using in conjunction with implants and devices to allow a hands-on practice on operative procedures are very expensive and still none of these offers patient-specific analogues that can be accessed within reasonable time and price ***-made spine analogues would also avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of biological specimens and complications arising from their inherent biological *** we sought to improve the biofidelity and accuracy of a patient-specific motion segment analogue that we presented *** models were made by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)in 3D printing of porcine spine segments(T12-L5)from microcT scan data,and were tested in axial loading at 0.6 ***-1(strain rate range 6×10^-4 s^-1-10×10^-4 s^-1).In this paper we have sought to improve the biofidelity of these analogue models by concentrating in improving the two most critical aspects of the mechanical behaviour:the material used for the intervertebral disc and the influence of the facet *** deformations were followed by use of Digital Image correlation(DIc)and consequently different scanning resolutions and data acquisition techniques were also explored and compared to determine their *** found that the selection of an appropriate intervertebral disc simulant(PT Flex 85)achieved a realistic force/displacement response and also that the facet joints play a key role in achieving a biofidelic behaviour for the entire motion *** have therefore overall confirmed the feasibility of producing,by rapid and inexpensive 3D-printing methods,high-quality patient-specific spine analogue models suitable for biomechanical testing and practice.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-cT 3D printing Digital Image correlation(DIc)

Paths out of poverty:International experience

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 857-867页

作者： FAN Sheng-gen emily EunYoung cHO college of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China International Food Policy Research Institute WashingtonD.C.20005USA

The global community has committed,as the first priority of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),to end poverty in all its forms *** the decline of global poverty continues,progress has slowed and remains uneven through different parts of the *** ensure that no one is left behind in china and beyond,research will be critical to inform paths out of *** this regard,it is valuable to take stock of international experiences and the various pathways out of poverty with a focus on ***'s agricultural growth has been largely driven by land expansion and poverty reduction has been the slowest among all *** Asia agriculture has been led by diversification of smallholder agriculture and its poverty reduction impact has been large,but its future poverty reduction is limited by rural–urban migration and lack of formal jobs in urban *** protection programs have been used by many Latin American countries as the region is more urbanized than any other developing ***'s agricultural and economic success was driven by agriculture-led reforms and rural *** changes brought significantly higher incomes among rural residents,which accounted for highest initial levels of poverty and hunger,and in increased availability of food at affordable *** in nutrition,health,education,clean water,and good sanitation also complemented *** foremost lesson is that smallholder-led agriculture growth in land scarce countries often have the largest impact on poverty ***,nonfarm employment and rural–urban migration must follow once agricultural productivity has reached a certain ***,premature exiting from agriculture can do more ***,even before large scale poverty reduction through sectoral and regional development is exhausted,social safety nets must be established to cover those who have not benefited from growth and *** social safety nets hav

关键词： poverty agriculture food systems sustainable development agricultural transformation

Therapeutic approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: past achievements and future challenges

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第2期12卷 125-135页

作者： Jia Xiao Rui Guo Man Lung Fung emily c Liong George L Tipoe Departments of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Gene and cell Engineering Research center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Departments of Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Research centre of Heart Brain Hormone and Healthy Aging CentreLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

BAcKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver injury and mortality in Western countries and china. However, as to date, there is no direct and effective therapy for this disease. The aim of this review is to analyze the key progress and challenges of main current therapeutic approaches in NAFLD. DATA SOURcE: We carried out a PubMed search of English-language articles relevant to NAFLD therapy. RESULTS: There are two major therapeutic strategies for NAFLD treatment: (1) lifestyle interventions (including weight reduction, dietary modification and physical exercise) and (2) pharmaceutical therapies. Lifestyle interventions, particularly chronic and moderate intensity exercise, are the most effective and recognized clinical therapies for NAFLD. For pharmaceutical therapies, although their effects and mechanisms have been extensively investigated in laboratory studies, they still need further tests and investigations in clinical human trials. cONcLUSION: Future advancement of NAFLD therapy should focus on the mechanistic studies on cell based and animal models and human clinical trials of exercise, as well as the combination of lifestyle intervention and pharmaceutical therapy specifically targeting main signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy pharmaceuticals exercise

Mortality assessment for pancreas transplants in the United States over the decade 2008-2018

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第4期13卷 147-156页

作者： Tambi Jarmi emily Brennan Jacob clendenon Aaron c Spaulding Department of Transplant Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Health Science Research Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224United States

BAcKGROUND Pancreas transplant is the only treatment that establishes normal glucose levels for patients diagnosed with ***,since 2005,no comprehensive analysis has compared survival outcomes of:(1)Simultaneous pancreas-kidney(SPK)transplant;(2)Pancreas after kidney(PAK)transplant;and(3)Pancreas transplant alone(PTA)to waitlist *** To explore the outcomes of pancreas transplants in the United States during the decade *** Our study utilized the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research ***-and post-transplant recipient and waitlist characteristics and the most recent recipient transplant and mortality status were *** included all patients with type I diabetes listed for pancreas or kidneypancreas transplant between May 31,2008 and May 31,*** were grouped into one of three transplant types:SPK,PAK,or *** The adjusted cox proportional hazards models comparing survival between transplanted and non-transplanted patients in each transplant type group showed that patients who underwent an SPK transplant exhibited a significantly reduced hazard of mortality[hazard ratio(HR)=0.21,95%confidence intervals(cI):0.19-0.25]compared to those not *** PAK transplanted patients(HR=1.68,95%cI:0.99-2.87)nor PTA patients(HR=1.01,95%cI:0.53-1.95)experienced significantly different hazards of mortality compared to patients who did not receive a *** When assessing each of the three transplant types,only SPK transplant offered a survival advantage compared to patients on the waiting *** and PTA transplanted patients demonstrated no significant differences compared to patients who did not receive a transplant.

关键词： Pancreas transplant Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant Pancreas after kidney transplant Survival Diabetes mellitus Insulin

A comparison of simulation versus didactics for teaching ultrasound to Swiss medical students

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 169-176页

作者： Sagar Shah Steven Tohmasi emily Frisch Amanda Anderson Roy Almog Shadi Lahham Roland Bingisser John c. Fox School of Medicine University of California Irvine USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine Irvine USA University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland

BAcKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound is an increasingly common imaging modality that is used in a variety of clinical settings. Understanding how to most effectively teach ultrasound is important to ensure that medical students learn pre-clinical content in a manner that promotes retention and clinical competence. We aim to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based ultrasound education in improving medical student competence in physiology in comparison to a traditional didactic ultrasound curriculum. METHODS: Subjects were given a pre and post-test of physiology questions. Subjects were taught various ultrasound techniques via 7 hours of lectures over two days. The control group received 2 additional hours of practice time while the experimental group received 2 hours of case-based simulations. A physiology post-test was administered to all students to complete the two-day course. RESULTS: Totally 115 Swiss medical students were enrolled in our study. The mean precourse ultrasound exam score was 39.5% for the simulation group and 41.6% for the didactic group (P>0.05). The mean pre-course physiology exam score was 54.1% for the simulation group and 59.3% for the didactic group (P>0.05). The simulation group showed statistically significant improvement on the physiology exam, improving from 54.1% to 75.3%(Pctic group also showed statistically signifi cant improvement on the physiology exam, improving from 59.3% to 70.0%(PcONcLUSION: Our data indicates that both simulation curriculum and standard didactic curriculum can be used to teach ultrasound. Simulation based training showed statistically signifi cant improvement in physiology learning when compared to standard didactic curriculum.

关键词： Ultrasound education POcUS Switzerland Medical education