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AGRONOMIc AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUcING HERB-AND LEGUME-RIcH MULTISPEcIES LEYS INTO ARABLE ROTATIONS:A REVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： emily c.cooledge David R.cHADWIcK Lydia M.J.SMITH Jonathan R.LEAKE Davey L.JONES School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil ***-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil ***,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed *** leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover *** grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas *** review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock *** botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality

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REINTEGRATION OF cROP-LIVESTOcK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE:AN OVERVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 111-129页

作者： Antonius G.T.ScHUT emily c.cooledge Marc MORAINE Gerrie W.J.VAN DE VEN Davey L.JONES David R.cHADWIcK Plant Production Systems Wageningen University6700 AK Wageningenthe Netherlands School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK UMR 0951 INNOVATION French National Institute for AgricultureFood and Environment(INRAE)MontpellierFrance SoilsWest UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Interdisciplinary Research centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming *** integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both *** aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems,with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to ***,animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic *** mixed farm systems can be economically attractive,benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental *** is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm,regional and national levels,and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping *** offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits,reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers,biocides and manure processing *** agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns,matching local capacity to produce with food ***,feed transport,greenhouse gas emissions,nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be *** is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land *** approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration,but require strong policy incentives which show clear,tangible and lasting benefits for farmers,the environment an

关键词： circular agriculture coupled farming systems mixed farming specialised farming systems GHG

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLIcY TARGETS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： Sarah BUcKINGHAM cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITH Vera EORY David R.cHADWIcK christina K.BAXTER Joanna M.cLOY Shaun cONNOLLY emily c.cooledge Nicholas J.cOWAN Julia DREWER colm DUFFY Naomi JFOX Asma JEBARI Becky JENKINS Dominika J.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN Graham A.McAULIFFE Steven J.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RIcHARDS Rainer ROEHE Jo SMITH Kate SMITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORMAN John WILLIAMS Jeremy WILTSHIRE Robert M.REES Scotland’s Rural college EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The James Hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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A review of public health guidelines for postpartum physical activity and sedentary behavior from around the world

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 472-483,F0003页

作者： Kelly R.Evenson Wendy J.Brown Alison K.Brinson emily Budzynski-Seymour Melanie Hayman Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8050USA Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4226Australia School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-3115USA carolina Population center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8120USA Faculty of Sport Health and Social SciencesSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Appleton Institute School of HealthMedical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants *** purpose of this scoping review was to summarize public health-oriented country-specific postpartum PA and SB guidelines ***:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we performed a(a) systematic search of 4 databases(cINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPORTDiscus),(b) structured repeatable web-based search separately for 194 countries,and(c) separate web-based *** the most recent guideline was included for each ***:We identified 22 countries with public health-oriented postpartum guidelines for PA and 11 countries with SB *** continents with guidelines included Europe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Africa(n=1),North America(n=1),and South America(n=1).The most common benefits recorded for PA included weight control/management(n=10),reducing the risk of postpartum depression or depressive symptoms(n=9),and improving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpartum guidelines specified exercises to engage in,including pelvic floor exercises(n=17);muscle strengthening,weight training,or resistance exercises(n=13);aerobics/general aerobic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines remarked on the interaction between PA and breastfeeding;several guidelines stated that PA did not impact breast milk quantity(n=7),breast milk quality(n=6),or infant growth(n=3).For SB,suggestions included limiting long-term sitting and interrupting sitting with ***:country-specific postpartum guidelines for PA and SB can help promote healthy behaviors using a culturally appropriate context while providing specific guidance to public health practitioners.

关键词： Breastfeeding caesarean section Guidelines Postnatal Recommendations

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Artificial cavernosa-like tissue based on multibubble Matrigel and a human corpus cavernous fibroblast scaffold

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 260-267页

作者： Yu-Zhuo chen Yi-Hong Zhou Min-Bo Yan Ming Xiao Biao Liu Ying-Hao Yin Xiao-Li Tan Yong-Quan Huang Yu-Hong Lin Ting Xie Jia-Li Tian Qi Wang Jian-Ying Li Zi-Zhou Meng Zheng Li emily Xing Yu-Xin Tang Ya-Wei Li Zhong-Zhen Su Liang-Yu Zhao Department of Ultrasound The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Interventional Medicine Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Urology The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Andrology the Center for Men’s HealthUrologic Medical CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of ReproductiveMedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China cedars-Sinai Medical center Los AngelesCA 90024USA

Ex vivo tissue culture of the human corpus cavernosum(cc)can be used to explore the tissue structural changes and complex signaling *** present,artificial cc-like tissues based on acellular or three-dimensional(3D)-printed scaffolds are used to solve the scarcity of primary penis tissue ***,inconvenience and high costs limit the wide application of such ***,we describe a simple,fast,and economical method of constructing artificial cc-like *** cc fibroblasts(FBs),endothelial cells(Ecs),and smooth muscle cells(SMcs)were expanded in vitro and mixed with Matrigel in specific proportions.A large number of bubbles were formed in the mixture by vortexing combined with pipette blowing,creating a porous,spongy,and spatial *** cc FBs produced a variety of signaling factors,showed multidirectional differentiation potential,and grew in a 3D grid in Matrigel,which is necessary for cc-like tissue to maintain a porous structure as a cell *** the c-like tissue,Ecs covered the surface of the lumen,and SMcs were located inside the trabeculae,similar to the structure of the primary *** cell components remained stable for 3 days in vitro,but the Ec content decreased on the 7th ***/integrated(WNT)signaling activation led to lumen atrophy and increased tissue fibrosis in cc-like tissue,inducing the same changes in characteristics as in the primary *** study describes a preparation method for human artificial cc-like tissue that may provide an improved experimental platform for exploring the function and structure of the cc and conducting drug screening for erectile dysfunction therapy.

关键词： artificial tissue corpus cavernosum ex vivo fibroblasts

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Perception of Potential Health Risk of climate change and Utilization of Fans and Air conditioners in a Representative Population of Hong Kong

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 105-118页

作者： Yang Gao emily Y.Y.chan Holly c.Y.Lam Aiwei Wang Department of Sport and Physical Education Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina collaborating centre for Oxford University and cUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

climate change, especially as reflected in heat waves, is a rising threat worldwide. Appropriate use of cooling devices can protect people from health impacts during a heat wave. A population-based telephone survey was conducted in a representative sample of residents in Hong Kong to investigate ownership and use of domestic cooling devices, identify correlates, and examine their associations with risk perception of potential health impact of climate change. More than 90% of the 1002 respondents owned and used cooling devices at home. The majority(57.7%) perceived the potential health risk of climate change at a high level. However, risk perception had no relationship with ownership and utilization of cooling devices. Old people(≥ 65 years), the low-educated, those with low income, and those with chronic diseases were more likely not to use air conditioners when feeling *** findings suggest that there are no signs showing people have taken more protective actions although half of respondents recognized climate change as a threat. Familial economic condition may be a major determinant in ownership and use of air conditioners at home. Old people and those with chronic diseases are at high risk of adverse exposure to climate change and therefore should be equipped with appropriate measures to use cooling devices.

关键词： climate change Domestic cooling device Heat wave health impact Hong Kong Risk perception

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Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第2期14卷 139-144页

作者： Rui Guo emily c Liong Kwok Fai So Man-Lung Fung George L Tipoe Departments of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

BAcKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of *** probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin *** exercise is shown to improve *** review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on *** SOURcE：We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in Pub ***： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFLD include：（i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y expression levels; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome c released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. cONcLUSION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease chronic aerobic exercise oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis autophagy

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Towards precision medicine:advances in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine cancer biomarker discovery in liquid biopsy

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cancer communications 2019年第1期39卷 113-121页

作者： chang Zeng emily Kunce Stroup Zhou Zhang Brian c-Hchiu Wei Zhang Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine680 N.Lake Shore Dr.Suite 1400ChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Public Health Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA The Robert H.Lurie comprehensive cancer center Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Institute of Precision Medicine Jining Medical UniversityJining 272067ShandongP.R.China.

Robust and clinically convenient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis,early detection,and prognosis have great potential to improve patient survival and are the key to precision *** advent of next-generation sequencing technologies enables a more sensitive and comprehensive profiling of genetic and epigenetic information in tumor-derived *** are now able to monitor the dynamics of tumorigenesis in new dimensions,such as using circulating cell-free DNA(cfDNA)and tumor DNA(ctDNA).Mutation-based assays in liquid biopsy cannot always provide consistent results across studies due partly to intra-and inter-tumoral heterogeneity as well as technical *** contrast,epigenetic analysis of patient-derived cfDNA is a promising alternative,especially for early detection and disease surveillance,because epigenetic modifications are tissue-specific and reflect the dynamic process of cancer ***,cfDNA-based epigenetic assays are emerging to be a highly sensitive,minimally invasive tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis with great potential in future precise care of cancer *** major obstacle for applying epigenetic analysis of cfDNA,however,has been the lack of enabling techniques with high sensitivity and technical *** this review,we summarized the advances in epigenome-wide profiling of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine(5hmc)in cfDNA,focusing on the detection approaches and potential role as biomarkers in different cancer types.

关键词： Liquid biopsy cell-free DNA Epigenetics cancer biomarker 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine

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Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅰ:concept for a Subject-specific Analogue Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 747-756页

作者： constantinos Franceskides emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael cGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Impact and Armour Group Centre for Defence EngineeringCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercial spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and those developed for this purpose are expensive and yet still fail to replicate the mechanical performance of biological ***-specific analogues that address these limitations and avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of human cadavers are therefore *** present a method for the production and characterisation of biofidelic,patient-specific,Spine Motion Segment(SMS=2 vertebrae and the disk in between)analogues that allow for the biological variability encountered when dealing with real *** spine segments(L1-LA)were scanned by computed tomography,and 3D models were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS).Four biological specimens and four ABS motion segments were tested,three of which were further segmented into two Vertebral Bodies(VBs)with their intervertebral disc(IVD).All segments were loaded axially at 0.6 mm·min-1(strain-rate range 6×10-4 s-1-10×10-4 s-1).The artificial VBs behaved like biological segments within the elastic region,but the best two-part artificial IVD were^15%less stiffthan the biological ***-speed images recorded during compressive loading allowed full-field strains to be *** compression of the spine motion segments,IVDs experienced higher strains than VBs as *** method allows the rapid,inexpensive and reliable production of patient-specific 3D-printed analogues,which morphologically resemble the real ones,and whose mechanical behaviour is comparable to real biological spine motion segments and this is their biggest asset.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-cT 3D printing Digital Image correlation(DIc)

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Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅱ:Tuning and Optimisation for Biofidelic Performance

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 757-766页

作者： constantinos Franceskides emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael cGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercially available spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and the few that are suitable for using in conjunction with implants and devices to allow a hands-on practice on operative procedures are very expensive and still none of these offers patient-specific analogues that can be accessed within reasonable time and price ***-made spine analogues would also avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of biological specimens and complications arising from their inherent biological *** we sought to improve the biofidelity and accuracy of a patient-specific motion segment analogue that we presented *** models were made by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)in 3D printing of porcine spine segments(T12-L5)from microcT scan data,and were tested in axial loading at 0.6 ***-1(strain rate range 6×10^-4 s^-1-10×10^-4 s^-1).In this paper we have sought to improve the biofidelity of these analogue models by concentrating in improving the two most critical aspects of the mechanical behaviour:the material used for the intervertebral disc and the influence of the facet *** deformations were followed by use of Digital Image correlation(DIc)and consequently different scanning resolutions and data acquisition techniques were also explored and compared to determine their *** found that the selection of an appropriate intervertebral disc simulant(PT Flex 85)achieved a realistic force/displacement response and also that the facet joints play a key role in achieving a biofidelic behaviour for the entire motion *** have therefore overall confirmed the feasibility of producing,by rapid and inexpensive 3D-printing methods,high-quality patient-specific spine analogue models suitable for biomechanical testing and practice.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-cT 3D printing Digital Image correlation(DIc)

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