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Evaluation of water and ethanol extracts of Schinus molle *** immature Culex quinquefasciatus Say(Diptera:Culicidae)

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第6期 471-477页

作者： Kidanemariam Girmay Bemnet Fikre Atsede Asmelash Biskut Getachew emebet tekle Nagappan Raja Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational SciencesUniversity of GondarPost Box 196GondarEthiopia

Objective:To evaluate larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous and ethanol extract of different parts of Schinus molle against filarial vector,Culex quinquefasciatus(***)in the ***:The mortality rate of third,fourth instar larvae and pupal stages were tested at 20,40,60,80 and 100 mg/L of plant extract using WHO standard protocol with *** mortality rate was recorded continuously for 24,48 and 72 h post exposure period and percentage mortality was ***:Maximum percentage mortality of third instar was 83.3%in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period,93.3%percentage mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of immature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,100%mortality was recorded in water extract of leaf at 100 mg/*** fourth instar larvae,maximum percentage mortality of 63.3%was recorded in water extract of mature fruit and ethanol extract of immature and mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period 86.6%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,93.3%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** general immature ***,percentage mortality was increased with increase in exposure time and concentration of the plant extracts ***:From this laboratory study,Schinus molle plant parts were proved to have larvicidal and pupicidal activity against immature ***.

关键词： Schinus molle Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal Pupicidal Water Ethanol Extracts

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Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Gondar prisoners,North West Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第2期8卷 127-131页

作者： Zelalem Addis emebet Adem Abebe Alemu Wubet Birhan Biniam Mathewos Belaynesh Tachebele Yegnasew Takele School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health ScienceUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia Leishmania Research and Treatment Center College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia University of Gondar Hospital Service Laboratory College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia

Objective:To assess the prevalence and risk factors of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among Condar town *** West ***:A cross sectional study was conducted from February to July,2008 in Condar *** with cough duration of more than two weeks were involved in the study by giving three sputum samples and filling the questionnaires prepared for risk factor *** fast staining technique was employed to delect the presence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in the sputum *** was analyzed using SPSS version13 computer software and presented in ***-square test was used to assess associations and a P-value less than 0.05 was taken as ***:A total of 384 prisoners,349 male and 35 females,with a mean age of 33.3 years were involved in the *** prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among those prisoners with cough duration of more than two wecks was 8.59%.Only the length of imprisonment had a significant association(χ~2= 18.82,P-value<0.0001) with the prevalence of ***:This study indicated that tuberculosis among prisoners with cough duration of more then two weeks in Gondar prison is very *** Periodic screening of the prisoners and screening of newly introduced prisoners should be practiced so as to minimise the burden of tuberculosis in prisoners.

关键词： Tuberculosis Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis Prisoners Gondar Ethiopia

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Convalescent plasma as a therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2: A scoping review

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Journal of Acute Disease 2021年第2期10卷 47-56页

作者： Abeba Haile Mariamenatu emebet Mohammed Abdu Department of Biotechnology College of Natural and Computational SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV),Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),and SARS-CoV-2 are three kinds of coronaviruses that are exceptionally pathogenic to humans via zoonotic *** outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-2,to some extent,posed a severe threat to human health,daily activities as well as the economic status of many *** faced with these emerging viruses and no accessible vaccines and drugs,convalescent plasma(CP)is required as passive immunotherapy,since CP has the potential to neutralize and eliminate the virus from blood *** sources of CP are individuals who have recovered from the ***,CP is administered as emergency use and investigational *** studies have shown that CP is effective to treat infected individuals with viral pandemics such as influenza A,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV,and ***,following the deadly outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019,plenty of non-randomized clinical studies have been done on the effectiveness of CP for the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19),and most of these studies have indicated that CP therapy is promising and saved many critically-ill ***,CP is a helpful immune therapeutic agent for the immediate response of such pandemics because of its clinical efficacy,immediate availability,cost-effectiveness,ease of production,delivery,and *** review aims to summarize the effectiveness of CP in the treatment of these three coronaviruses,***-CoV,MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： Convalescent plasma Coronaviruses SARS-CoV MERS-CoV SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19

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Distribution and Abundance of <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i>L. in Metekel Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 1101-1110页

作者： Jemal Tola Horo Tesfaye Gudisa emebet Worku Derese Tilahun Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Pawe Research Center Pawe Ethiopia

Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a harmful invasive weed to plant biodiversity and human health. It is native to American tropics and first introduced to Ethiopia in the 1970s. Today, it is widely distributed across the country and severely affecting the biodiversity, crop, and animal production in the country. In the Metekel Zone, there was no report on its distribution and impacts so far. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the distribution and abundance of the plant in the zone. The distribution and abundance data of the weed were recorded at five km intervals following all accessible roads of the zone. The result reveals that P. hysterophorus L. was less distributed in the area with a 4.95% frequency. However, it was found abundantly growing at roadsides, wastelands, around habitation, market place, and around Zeghibridge where it can rapidly spread to most economical lands like the arable and grazing lands. Moreover, it has aggressively invaded a nursery site, which enables the weed to enter agricultural fields directly. This suggests that the weed is on a fast move to agricultural lands in the zone. The regular active development activities such as agricultural investment, construction of roads, and factories are presumed to promote its spread. Therefore, a decisive and timely decision is needed to mitigate the weed when it is still sparse and small.

关键词： Parthenium hysterophorus L. Invasive Weed Weed Control Agricultural Fields Arable Lands Grazing Lands Metekel Zone

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