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Degradation study on tin- and bismuth-based gas-diffusion electrodes during electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in highly alkaline media

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 367-376,I0008页

作者： Fabian Bienen Armin Lowe Joachim Hildebrand Sebastian Hertle Dana Schonvogel Dennis Kopljar Norbert Wagner elias Klemm Kaspar Andreas Friedrich Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace CenterPfaffenwaldring 38-4070569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Building Energetics Thermal Engineering and Energy StorageUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 3170569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Technical Chemistry University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace CenterCarl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 1526129 OldenburgGermany

This work investigated the degradation of tin – based gas-diffusion electrodes (GDE) and also a promising Bi2O3 GDE in electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in highly alkaline media which has not been studied before. The contributions of the electrode wetting (or flooding, if excessively) and catalyst leaching on the degradation were analyzed. Therefore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor the wetted surface area of the GDE in combination with post-mortem analysis of the penetration depth by visualizing the electrolyte’s cation in the GDE cross-section. Furthermore, to reveal a possible degradation of the electrocatalyst, its distribution was mapped in the GDEs cross-section after operation while the catholyte was additionally analyzed via ICP-MS. The results clearly demonstrate that the SnO_(2) catalyst dissolves in the reaction zone inside the GDE and might be partially redeposited near the GDEs surface. Since the redeposition process occurs only partially a steady loss of catalyst was observed impeding a clear distinction of the two degradation phenomena. Nevertheless, the deterioration of the electrode performance measured as faraday efficiency (FE) of the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) qualitatively correlates with the differential double layer capacitance (Cdl). A significant difference of the rate of increase for the hydrogen FE and Cdl can be ascribed to the superposition of both above-mentioned degradation mechanisms. The demonstrated instability of SnO_(2) contrasts with the behavior of Bi2O3 GDE which is stabilized during CO_(2) conversion by redeposition of the diluted dissolved species as metallic Bi which is active for the CO_(2) reduction reaction.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Heterogeneous catalysis Gas-diffusion electrode Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Catalyst leaching

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Autophagy in liver diseases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第1期13卷 6-65页

作者： elias Kouroumalis Argryro Voumvouraki Aikaterini Augoustaki Dimitrios N Samonakis Liver Research Laboratory University of Crete Medical SchoolHeraklion 71110Greece 1^st Department of Internal Medicine AHEPA University HospitalThessaloniki 54636Greece Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of CreteHeraklion 71110Greece

Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic *** organelles,lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the *** on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important *** this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of *** we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular *** also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver *** analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases,like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis,biliary diseases,autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene *** also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells,sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate ***,we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.

关键词： Autophagy Lipophagy Mitophagy Fatty liver disease Fibrosis Liver sinusoidal cells

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Infliximab to treat severe ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1771-1773页

作者： Dídia Bisamra Cury Marcelo de Souza Cury Geraldo Vinicius Hemerly elias Sender Jankiel Mizsputen Department of Gastroenterology Federal University of So Paulo rua Botucatu 740 So Paulo SP 04023-900 Brazil

A 48-year-old female with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy was referred to our facility for management. The patient showed extensive ulcerative colitis since the age of 20 years and had failed therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid agents and azathioprine. The disease remained active despite treatment with steroids and cyclosporine. The clinical and endoscopic parameters were consistent with severe disease. Infectious precipitants were ruled out. Given the severity of the disease and in order to avoid a colectomy, we started the patient on infliximab therapy. A dramatic clinical and endoscopic response was observed and she remained in remission at the end of a 1-year follow-up period. We discuss findings in the literature regarding the use ofinfliximab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis who have failed steroids and cyclosporine.

关键词： Cyclosporine Infliximab Treatment failure Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel diseases

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The Right to Life, Voluntary Euthanasia, and Termination of Life on Request

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2017年第8期7卷 445-454页

作者： elias Moser University of Berne

In this article, the logical implications of a right to life are examined. It is first argued that the prohibition of Termination of life on request confers an inalienable right to life. A fight is inalienable if it cannot legitimately be waived or transferred. Since voluntary euthanasia entails waiver of the right to life, the inalienability yields that it cannot be justified. Therefore, any ethical position that is in favor of voluntary euthanasia has to argue that the right to life is an inalienable right and accept the conclusion that killing on request is justified.

关键词： medical ethics legal theory right to life inalienable rights voluntary euthanasia killing on request

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Does a Country/Region's Economic Status Affect Its Universities' Presence in International Rankings?

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2019年第2期4卷 56-78页

作者： Esteban Fernandez Tuesta Carlos Garcia-Zorita Rosario Romera Ayllon elias Sanz-Casado Escola de Artes Ciencias e HumanidadesUniversidade de Sao PauloBrazil Department of Library Science and Documentation Carlos III University of MadridSpain Laboratory of Metric Studies on Information(LEMI) Carlos III University of MadridSpain Research Institute for Higher Education and Science(INAECU) MadridSpain Associated Unit IFS(CSIC)-LEMI(UC3M) Carlos III University of MadridSpain Department of Statistics Carlos III University of MadridSpain

Purpose: Study how economic parameters affect positions in the Academic Ranking of World Universities' top 500 published by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Graduate School of Education in countries/regions with listed higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology used capitalises on the multi-variate characteristics of the data analysed. The multi-colinearity problem posed is solved by running principal components prior to regression analysis, using both classical(OLS) and robust(Huber and Tukey) methods. Findings: Our results revealed that countries/regions with long ranking traditions are highly competitive. Findings also showed that some countries/regions such as Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, and Italy, had a larger number of universities in the top positions than predicted by the regression model. In contrast, for Japan, a country where social and economic performance is high, the number of ARWU universities projected by the model was much larger than the actual figure. In much the same vein, countries/regions that invest heavily in education, such as Japan and Denmark, had lower than expected *** limitations: Using data from only one ranking is a limitation of this study, but the methodology used could be useful to other global rankings. Practical implications: The results provide good insights for policy makers. They indicate the existence of a relationship between research output and the number of universities per million inhabitants. Countries/regions, which have historically prioritised higher education, exhibited highest values for indicators that compose the rankings methodology; furthermore,minimum increase in welfare indicators could exhibited significant rises in the presence of their universities on the ***/value: This study is well defined and the result answers important questions about characteristics of countries/regions and their higher education system.

关键词： Academic Ranking of World Universities Socio-economic indicators Regression analysis

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A Novel Process for the Study of Breakage Energy versus Particle Size

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Geomaterials 2013年第3期3卷 102-110页

作者： elias Stamboliadis Technical University of Crete Chania Greece

The energy size relationship is examined, either as the specific energy required breaking a particulate material from an initial size d1 to a final size d2, where d is usually the d80 size, or as the specific energy required to break a single particle. The present work uses the results obtained using a controlled frequency centrifugal crusher to crush particles of a predetermined size class under different rotation frequencies related to the kinetic energy of the particles at the moment of crushing. The paper calculates the relationship between the rotation frequency and the kinetic energy of the particles before crushing and examines the size distribution of the products. The study results allow presenting the relationship between the kinetic energy of the particles and the mass of particles produced below the initial size class. The work also produces the optimum mathematical model that describes this relationship among three proposed ones. According to this model one can calculate the energy required breaking half of the initial mass below the initial size class and the corresponding specific energy is appointed to the average size of the class. The parameters of the mathematical model can be used to compare the grindability of the different materials. The process can be used as an alternative to the drop weight technique used so far for the study of the breakage energy of minerals and rocks.

关键词： Centrifugal Crusher Kinetic Energy Breakage Energy Size-Energy Relationship

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Cradle to Gate Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) of 3D Printing Houses

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2021年第1期9卷 13-19页

作者： elias Ali Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Alabama in HuntsvilleAL 35805USA

This paper presents a comparative“cradle to gate”life cycle assessment(LCA)of 3D printing houses and conventional buildings using SimaPro software,as a tool to model and compare the two *** study considered a terraced type of buildings with a floor area of 60 m^(2)(functional unit),which could occupy 2-3 *** results indicated that 3D printing houses have a smaller environmental impact than conventional buildings in all impact categories except in terrestrial ecotoxicity,in which both alternatives resulted in 172 kg 1,4-DB eq.3D printing houses exhibit a higher climate impact from Timber floorboards,window frames,and Portland cement which are responsible for 7.39×10^(4) kg CO_(2) eq,9.34 ×10^(4) kg CO_(2) eq,and 3.82×10^(4) kg CO_(2) eq respectively.

关键词： 3D printing LCA environmental impact impact categories

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External Parameters Affecting on the Photoluminescence of InAs Spherical Layer Quantum Dot

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第10期9卷 2439-2446页

作者： Marwan Zuhair elias Biophysics Department Sciences College Mosul University Mosul Iraq

Spherical layer quantum dots (SLQDs) attract a great deal of importance, and have various optoelectronics applications due to their outstanding optical and electrical properties. The photoluminescence (PL) and the electroluminescence (EL) spectra of InAs (SLQDs) were investigated theoretically under the presence of external parameters (pressure, temperature, electric field). Existing of both the temperature and the applied electric field lead to a significant decrease in photoluminescence peak energy (red-shift), while an increase existed in presence of applied hydrostatic pressure (blue-shift). Also with increasing the quantum azimuthal number the photoluminescence peak energy increase. In addition, we found no effect on the band shape of the luminescence as a result of existing such parameters. The study indicates the importance of such parameters as fitting parameters for photoluminescence spectra.

关键词： Layer Quantum Dots Photoluminescence Electroluminescence Pressure-Temperature Dependence

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Mechanical characteristics of oil palm fiber reinforced thermoplastics as filament for fused deposition modeling(FDM)

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Advances in Manufacturing 2020年第1期8卷 72-81页

作者： Mohd Nazri Ahmad Mohammad Khalid Wahid Nurul Ain Maidin Mohd Hidayat Ab Rahman Mohd Hairizal Osman Izzati Fatin Alis@elias Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.Hang Tuah JayaDurian Tunggal 76100MelakaMalaysia Centre for Smart System and Innovative Design Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaHang Tuah JayaDurian Tunggal 76100MelakaMalaysia

Fibers are increasingly in demand for a wide range of polymer composite *** study^purpose was the development of oil palm fiber(OPF)mixed with the thermoplastic material acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)as a composite filament for fused deposition modeling(FDM).The mechanical properties of this composite filament were then *** is a fiber extracted from empty fruit bunches,which has proved to be an excellent raw material for *** cellulose content of OPF is 43%-65%,and the lignin content is 13%-25%.The composite lilament consists of OPF(5%,mass fraction)in the ABS *** fabrication procedure included alkalinizing,drying,and crushing the OPF to develop the *** OPF/ABS materials were prepared and completely blended to acquire a mix of 250 g of the material for the ***,the FLD25 filament extrusion machine was used to form the OPF/ABS composite into a *** composite filament then was used in an FDM-based 3D printer to print the ***,the printed specimens were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural *** results show that the presence of OPF had increased the tensile strength and modulus elasticity by approximately 1.9%and 1.05%,***,the flexural strength of the OPF/ABS composite had decreased by 90.6%compared with the virgin ***,the most significant outcome of the OPF/ABS composite was its suitability for printing using the FDM method.

关键词： Natural fibers Oil palm fiber(OPF) Fused deposition modeling(FDM) 3D printer Composite filament

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A New Species of Amsassia from the Ordovician of Korea and South China:Paleobiological and Paleogeographical Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 796-806页

作者： Mirinae LEE Heeju PARK Nguyen Viet TIEN Suk-Joo CHOH Robert J.elias Dong-Jin LEE Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Andong National UniversityAndong36729Republic of Korea Institute of Geological Sciences-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology(IGS-VAST) Hanoi100000Socialist Republic of Vietnam Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Korea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea Department of Geological Sciences The University of ManitobaWinnipegR3T 2N2Canada

A new species of the probable calcareous alga Amsassia, A. koreanensis, is recognized from the Duwibong Formation （Middle Ordovician, Darriwilian） of the Taebaeksan Basin in mid-eastern Korea. This is the first report of the genus from the Korean Peninsula, expanding its geographical range to the eastern Sino-Korean Block. The new species also occurs in the Xiazhen Formation （Upper Ordovician, Katian） at Zhuzhai in the South China Block. Amsassia koreanensis is the smallest species of this modular genus, having a maximum module diameter of 0.28 ram. Module increase is by bipartite, tripartite and quadripartite types of longitudinal axial fission, but unlike other species of the genus, quadripartite fission is common. The types of fission are comparable to those in some Tetradiida （now Prismostylales, florideophycean rhodophyte algae）, although the processes of fission are different. The distribution of A. koreanensis further strengthens the biogeographical connection between the Sino-Korean and South China blocks, suggesting that these two paleocontinents were located closer together during the Middle to Late Ordovician than previously speculated.

关键词： Amsassia koreanensis sp. nov. Ordovician Sino-Korean Block South China Block paleobiology paleogeography.

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