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Physical activity during pregnancy and the role of theory in promoting positive behavior change:A systematic review

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 198-206页

作者： Erika L.Thompson Cheryl A.Vamos ellen M.Daley Department of Community and Family Health University of South Florida Tampa FL 33612 USA

Background: Physical activity(PA) during pregnancy provides physical and psychological benefits for mother and child. U.S. guidelines recommend ≥30 min of moderate exercise for healthy pregnant women most days of the week; however, most women do not meet these recommendations. Theory assists in identifying salient determinants of health behavior to guide health promotion interventions; however, the application of theory to examine PA among pregnant women has not been examined cohesively among multiple levels of influence(e.g.,intrapersonal, interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, and organizational/political). Subsequently, this systematic review aims to identify and evaluate the use of health behavior theory in studies that examine PA during ***: Articles published before July 2014 were obtained from Pub Med and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria applied were:(1) empiricallybased;(2) peer-reviewed;(3) measured factors related to PA;(4) comprised a pregnant sample; and(5) applied theory. Fourteen studies were included. Each study's application of theory and theoretical constructs were ***: Various theories were utilized to explain and predict PA during pregnancy; yet, the majority of these studies only focused on intrapersonal level determinants. Five theoretical frameworks were applied across the studies—all but one at the intrapersonal level. Few determinants identified were from the interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, or organizational/political ***: This systematic review synthesized the literature on theoretical constructs related to PA during pregnancy. Interpersonal, community,and societal levels remain understudied. Future research should employ theory-driven multi-level determinants of PA to reflect the interacting factors influencing PA during this critical period in the life course.

关键词： Physical activity Pregnancy Theory

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Pediatric upper extremity firearm injuries:an analysis of demographic factors and recurring mechanisms of injury

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第5期17卷 527-535页

作者： D.Spencer Nichols Mitsy Audate Caroline King David Kerekes Harvey Chim ellen Satteson University of Florida College of Medicine.Gainesville FL.USA Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.University of Florida College of Medicine100138GainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background Little is known regarding risk factors specific to pedialric upper extremity firearm *** purpose of this study is to evaluate pediatric patients treated for these injuries to identify at-risk populations and recurring mechanisms of *** A 20-year retrospective review was *** 17 years of age and younger,with upper extremity injuries related to a firearm,were *** involved Fisher's exact and Chi-square *** One hundred and eighty patients were *** mean age was 12.04±4.3 *** included patients were male(85%).Interestingly,females were more frequently victims of assault(P=0.03),and males were more frequently injured due to accidental discharge(P<0.001).The most affected race/ethnicity was White-not Hispanic or Latino(48%).The hand was the most frequent location injured(31%)and was more likely to be accidental than proximal injuries(P=0.003).Air rifes were the most common firearm type used(56%).Pistols were implicated in 47(26%)cases,rifles in 17(9%),*** in 10(6%).Ninety-nine(55%)patients had procedures in the operating *** most frequent procedure was foreign body removal(55%).Conclusions Risk factors such as male sex,W hite-not Hispanic or Latino race/ethnicity,and adolescent age were attributed to increased risk for *** sex was associated with increased risk of injury by accidental discharge and female sex with intentional *** rifles were the most common firearm type overall,although female sex was associated with increased risk for injury by powder weapon.

关键词： Firearm Injury Pediatric Trauma Upper extremity

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Impact of tree litter identity, litter diversity and habitat quality on litter decomposition rates in tropical moist evergreen forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 247-256页

作者： Seyoum Getaneh Olivier Honnay ellen Desie Kenny Helsen Lisa Couck Simon Shibru Bart Muys Division Forest Landscape and NatureKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200E-2411BE-3001LeuvenBelgium Department of Biology College of Natural SciencesArba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia Department of Biology KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435BE-3001LeuvenBelgium

Background:Attempts to restore degraded highlands by tree planting are common in East ***,up till now,little attention has been given to effects of tree species choice on litter decomposition and nutrient ***:In this study,three indigenous and two exotic tree species were selected for a litter decomposition *** objective was to identify optimal tree species combinations and tree diversity levels for the restoration of degraded land via enhanced litter *** were installed in June 2019 into potential restoration sites(disturbed natural forest and forest plantation)and compared to intact natural *** tested tree leaf litters included five monospecific litters,ten mixtures of three species and one mixture of five *** green and rooibos tea were used for comparison.A total of 1,033 litters were retrieved for weight loss analysis after one,three,six,and twelve months of ***:The finding indicates a significant effect of both litter quality and litter diversity on litter *** nitrogen-fixing native tree Millettia ferruginea showed a comparable decomposition rate as the fast decom-posing green *** exotic conifer Cupressus lusitanica and the native recalcitrant Syzygium guineense have even a lower decomposition rate than the slowly decomposing rooibos tea.A significant correlation was observed be-tween litter mass loss and initial leaf litter chemical ***,we found positive non-additive ef-fects for litter mixtures including nutrient-rich and negative non-additive effects for litter mixtures including poor leaf litters ***:These findings suggest that both litter quality and litter diversity play an important role in decom-position processes and therefore in the restoration of degraded tropical moist evergreen forest.

关键词： Antagonistic effect Forest type Functional diversity Litterbag Litter mixture Litter quality Non-additive effect Tea bag index

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Exploiting a readily available but hard to digest resource:A review of exudativorous mammals identified thus far and how they cope in captivity

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 94-111页

作者： Francis CABANA ellen S.DIERENFELD Wirdateti Giuseppe DONATI K.A.I.NEKARIS Wildlife Nutrition Centre Wildlife Reserves Singapore Nocturnal Primate Research Group Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK ellen S.Dierenfeld LLCSt.LouisMissouri USA Zoological Division Indonesian Institute of ScienceCibinongIndonesia

Gum is a widely available carbohydrate,composed mainly of non-digestible structural *** mammalian enzymes can digest gum;therefore,a mammal ingesting gum must rely on microbial fermentation to access the energy it *** are relatively nutrient *** this,some mammals have evolved to exploit this food *** aim to review the literature for all mammal species which have been recorded to ingest gum,whether quantified or not,and discuss this in the context of their evolutionary *** also investigated the recommended captive diets for these species to look at whether gum is *** conducted a literature search on ISI Web of Knowledge to tabulate all mammal species observed ingesting gum and classified them as obligate,facultative or opportunistic *** encountered 94 mammal species that eat gum in the wild(27 obligate feeders,34 facultative feeders and 33 opportunistic feeders).Obligate feeders have entirely evolved to exploit this resource but were found to not be given gum in captivity,which may explain why they are failing to thrive,as opposed to facultative feeders,which have fewer *** may be necessary for the health of obligate feeders in *** research should focus on the physiological effects that gum ingestion poses on different digestive systems.

关键词： feeding ecology gum husbandry marsupial primate

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G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in colon function, immune regulation and carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4092-4104页

作者： Damian Jacenik ellen J Beswick Wanda M Krajewska Eric R Prossnitz Department of Cytobiochemistry Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodz 90-236Poland Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicineand UNM Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States

Estrogens play important roles in the development and progression of multiple tumor *** evidence points to the significance of estrogen action not only in tumors of hormonally regulated tissues such as the breast,endometrium and ovary,but also in the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).The effects of estrogens in physiological and pathophysiological conditions are mediated by the nuclear estrogen receptorsαandβ,as well as the membranebound G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER).The roles of GPER in CRC development and progression,however,remain poorly *** on the functions of GPER in the colon have shown that this estrogen receptor regulates colonic motility as well as immune responses in CRC-associated diseases,such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative *** is also involved in cell cycle regulation,endoplasmic reticulum stress,proliferation,apoptosis,vascularization,cell migration,and the regulation of fatty acid and estrogen metabolism in CRC ***,multiple lines of evidence suggest that GPER may play an important role in colorectal *** this review,we present the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of GPER to colon function and CRC.

关键词： G protein-coupled estrogen receptor Colorectal cancer Proliferation Migration Colonic motility Inflammatory bowel disease

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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans accurately predict differing body fat content in live sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 248-253页

作者： David W Miller ellen J Bennett Joanne L Harrison Fiona Anderson Clare L Adam School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC) Peter Wilson Building The Faculty of Health University of Tasmania School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of Aberdeen

Background: There is considerable interest in implementing mobile scanning technology for on-farm body composition analysis on live *** experiments evaluated the use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) as an accurate method of total body fat measurement in live ***: In Exp.1,visceral and whole body fat analysis was undertaken in sheep with body condition scores(BCS)in the range 2 to 3.25(scale 1: thin to 5: fat).The relationship of BCS was moderately correlated with visceral fat depot mass(r = 0.59,P 0.05,n = 9).There was a moderate correlation between DXA body fat and BCS(r = 0.70,P < 0.01,n = 17),and DXA body fat was highly correlated with chemical body fat(r = 0.81,P < 0.001,n = 9).In Exp.3,a series of five DXA scans,at 8-week intervals,was performed on growing sheep over a 32-week *** average BCS ranged from 2.39 ± 0.07(S.E.M.) to 3.05 ± 0.11 and the DXA body fat(%) ranged from 16.8 ± 0.8 to 24.2 ± *** was a moderate correlation between DXA body fat and BCS over the 32 weeks(r = 0.61,P < 0.001,n = 24).Conclusions: Overall,these experiments indicated that there was good agreement between BCS,DXA and chemical analysis for measuring total body fat in sheep,and that DXA scanning is a valid method for longitudinal measurement of total body fat in live sheep.

关键词： BCS DEXA Fat Leptin Longitudinal Sheep

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H pylori receptor MHC classⅡcontributes to the dynamic gastric epithelial apoptotic response

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第33期12卷 4689-4693页

作者： David A Bland Giovanni Suarez ellen J Beswick Johanna C Sierra Victor E Reyes the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston TX 77555-0366 United States

AIM： To investigate the role of MHC class Ⅱ in the modulation of gastric epithelial cell apoptosis induced by H pylori infection. METHODS： After stimulating a human gastric epithelial cell line with bacteria or agonist antibodies specific for MHC class Ⅱ and CD95, the quantitation of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic events, including caspase activation, BCL-2 activation, and FADD recruitment, was performed with a fluorometric assay, a cytometric bead array, and confocal microscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Pretreatment of N87 cells with the anti-MHC class ⅡIgM antibody RFD1 resulted in a reduction in global caspase activation at 24 h of H pylori infection. When caspase 3 activation was specifically measured, crosslinking of MHC class Ⅱ resulted in markedly reduced caspase activation, while simple ligation of MHC class Ⅱ did not. Crosslinking of MHC class Ⅱ also resulted in an increased activation of the anti-apoptosis molecule BCL-2 compared to simple ligation. Confocal microscope analysis demonstrated that the pretreatment of gastric epithelial cells with a crosslinking anti-MHC class Ⅱ IgM blocked the recruitment of FADD to the cell surface. CONCLUSION： The ability of MHC class Ⅱ to modulate gastric epithelial apoptosis is at least partially dependent on its crosslinking. The crosslinking of this molecule has anti-apoptotic effects during the earlier time points of Hpylori infection. This effect is possibly mediated by the ability of MHC class Ⅱ to modulate the activation of the pro-apoptotic receptor Fas by blocking the recruitment of the accessory molecule FADD, and this delay in apoptosis induction could allow for prolonged cytokine secretion by Hpylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.

关键词： Hpylori Epithelium Apoptosis Class Ⅱ MHC

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Business communication : process and product / Mary ellen Guffey. 4th ed.

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2003年

作者： Mary ellen Guffey.

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The language of medicine : a write-in text explaining medical terms / Davi-ellen Chabner. 7th ed.

The language of medicine : a write-in text explaining medica...

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2004年

作者： Davi-ellen Chabner.

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Understanding celiac disease monitoring patterns and outcomes after diagnosis:A multinational,retrospective chart review study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2603-2614页

作者： Knut EA Lundin Ciaran P Kelly David S Sanders Kristina Chen Sheena Kayaniyil Sisi wang Rajvi J Wani Caitlin Barrett Shakira Yoosuf ellen S Pettersen Robert Sambrook Daniel A Leffler K.G.Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of OsloOslo 0450Norway Department of Gastroenterology Oslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo 0372Norway Celiac Center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Celiac Research Program Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Royal Hallamshire Hospital University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUnited Kingdom Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. CambridgeMA 02139United States Real World Evidence Strategy and Analytics ICON plc.TorontoON L7N 3G2Canada Real World Evidence Strategy and Analytics ICON plc.VancouverBC V6B 1P1Canada

BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes and monitoring patterns in real-world practice are largely unknown among patients with celiac *** To understand patterns of follow-up and management of patients with celiac disease,and to characterize symptoms and villous atrophy after *** A retrospective chart review study was performed using medical chart data of patients diagnosed with celiac *** gastroenterology referral centers,with substantial expertise in celiac disease,participated in the United Kingdom,United States,and *** and clinical data were collected from medical *** analyses were conducted on patients with biopsyconfirmed celiac disease,diagnosed between 2008 and 2012,with at least one follow-up visit before December 31,*** demographic and clinical characteristics,biopsy/serology tests and results,symptoms,and comorbidities were captured at diagnosis and for each clinic visit occurring within the study period(i.e.,before the study end date of December 31,2017).RESULTS A total of 300 patients were included in this study[72%female;mean age at diagnosis:38.9 years,standard deviation(SD)17.2].Patients were followed-up for a mean of 29.9 mo(SD 22.1)and there were,on average,three follow-up visits per patient during the study *** two-thirds(68.4%)of patients were recorded as having ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and 11.0%had ongoing symptoms and enteropathy during *** 80%of patients were referred to a dietician at least once during the follow-up ***(50.0%)of the patients underwent at least one follow-up duodenal biopsy and 36.6%had continued villous *** of monitoring varied between *** were conducted more frequently in Norway and patients in the United States had a longer follow-up *** This real-world study demonstrates variable follow-up of patients with celiac disease despite most patients continuing to have abnormal histology

关键词： Celiac disease Outcomes research Endoscopy Real-world General practice Villous atrophy

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