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Exploiting a readily available but hard to digest resource:A review of exudativorous mammals identified thus far and how they cope in captivity

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 94-111页

作者： Francis CABANA ellen S.DIERENFELD Wirdateti Giuseppe DONATI K.A.I.NEKARIS Wildlife Nutrition Centre Wildlife Reserves Singapore Nocturnal Primate Research Group Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK ellen S.Dierenfeld LLCSt.LouisMissouri USA Zoological Division Indonesian Institute of ScienceCibinongIndonesia

Gum is a widely available carbohydrate,composed mainly of non-digestible structural *** mammalian enzymes can digest gum;therefore,a mammal ingesting gum must rely on microbial fermentation to access the energy it *** are relatively nutrient *** this,some mammals have evolved to exploit this food *** aim to review the literature for all mammal species which have been recorded to ingest gum,whether quantified or not,and discuss this in the context of their evolutionary *** also investigated the recommended captive diets for these species to look at whether gum is *** conducted a literature search on ISI Web of Knowledge to tabulate all mammal species observed ingesting gum and classified them as obligate,facultative or opportunistic *** encountered 94 mammal species that eat gum in the wild(27 obligate feeders,34 facultative feeders and 33 opportunistic feeders).Obligate feeders have entirely evolved to exploit this resource but were found to not be given gum in captivity,which may explain why they are failing to thrive,as opposed to facultative feeders,which have fewer *** may be necessary for the health of obligate feeders in *** research should focus on the physiological effects that gum ingestion poses on different digestive systems.

关键词： feeding ecology gum husbandry marsupial primate

DISC1 genetics, biology and psychiatric illness

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第1期8卷 1-31页

作者： Pippa A. THOMSON Elise L.V. MALAVASI ellen GRüNEWALD Dinesh C. SOARES Malgorzata BORKOWSKA j. Kirsty MILLA The Centre for Molecular Medicine at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine The University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital Crewe Road Edinburgh EH4 2XU UK Division of Psychiatry The University of Edinburgh Royal Edinburgh Hospital Edinburgh EH10 5HF UK Centre for Integrative Physiology The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9XD UK

Psychiatric disorders arc highly heritable, and in many individuals likely arise from the combined effects of genes and the environment. A substantial body of evidence points toward D1SCI being one of the genes that influence risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, and functional studies of DISC1 consequently have the potential to reveal much about the pathways that lead to major mental illness. Here, we review the evidence that DISC1 influences disease risk through effects upon multiple critical pathways in the developing and adult brain.

关键词： DISC1 schizophrenia depression genetics neural pathways

Some results about holomorphic vector bundles over general Hopf manifolds

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第12期52卷 2863-2866页

作者： ZHOU XiangYu Institute of Mathematics,Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,and Hua loo-Keng Key Laboratory of Mathematics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science and Hua Loo-Keng Key Laboratory of Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

In the present note that grew out of my talk given at the conference in honor of Prof. Zhong Tongde,I give a survey of some recent results about holomorphic vector bundles over general Hopf manifolds.

关键词： holomorphic vector bundles Hopf manifolds cohomology groups 32L10 32L05 32j18

Effect of low versus high frequency stimulation on freezing of gait and other axial symptoms in Parkinson patients with bilateral STN DBS:a mini-review

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 129-138页

作者： Tao Xie Mahesh Padmanaban Lisa Bloom ellen MacCracken Breanna Bertacchi Abraham Dachman Peter Warnke Department of Neurology University of Chicago MedicineChicagoILUSA Speech and Swallowing Section Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoILUSA Department of Radiology University of Chicago MedicineChicagoILUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of Chicago MedicineChicagoILUSA

Some studies have shown that low frequency stimulation(LFS,most commonly 60 Hz),compared to high frequency stimulation(HFS,most commonly 130 Hz),has beneficial effects,short-term or even long-term,on improving freezing of gait(FOG)and other axial symptoms,including speech and swallowing function,in Parkinson disease(PD)patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation(STN DBS).However,other studies failed to confirm *** seems not clear what determines the difference in response to *** in study design,such as presence or absence of FOG,exact LFS used(60 Hz versus 80 Hz),study size,open label versus randomized double blind assessment,retrospective versus prospective evaluation,medication On or Off state,total electric energy delivered maintained or not with the change in frequency,and the location of active contacts could all potentially affect the *** mini-review goes over the literature with the aforementioned factors in mind,focusing on the effect of LFS versus HFS on FOG and other axial symptoms in PD with bilateral STN DBS,in an effort to extract the essential data to guide our clinical management of axial symptoms and explore the potential underlying mechanisms as ***,LFS of 60 Hz seems to be consistently effective in patients with FOG at the usual HFS in regards to improving FOG,speech,swallowing function and other axial symptoms,though LFS could reduce tremor control in some *** LFS simply addresses the axial symptoms in the context of HFS or has other beneficial effects requires further studies,along with the mechanism.

关键词： Low frequency stimulation Freezing of gait Swallowing Speech Axial symptoms DBS STN Parkinson’s disease

Invading from the garden？ A comparison of leaf herbivory for exotic and native plants in natural and ornamental settings

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 677-682页

作者： Stephen F. Matter jessica R.Brzyski Christopher j. Harrison Sara Hyams Clement loo jessica loomis Hannah R. Lubbers Leeann Seastrum Trevor I. Stamper Adam M. Stein Richard Stokes Brandy S. Wilkerson Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

The enemies release hypothesis proposes that exotic species can become in- vasive by escaping from predators and parasites in their novel environment. Agrawal et al. （Enemy release？ An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above- and below-ground enemies. Ecology, 86, 2979-2989） proposed that areas or times in which damage to introduced species is low provide opportunities for the invasion of native habitat. We tested whether ornamental settings may provide areas with low levels of herbivory for trees and shrubs, potentially facilitating invasion success. First, we compared levels of leaf herbivory among native and exotic species in ornamental and natural settings in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. In the second study, we compared levels of herbivory for invasive and noninvasive exotic species between natural and ornamental settings. We found lower levels of leaf damage for exotic species than for native species; however, we found no differences in the amount of leaf damage suffered in ornamental or natural settings. Our results do not provide any evidence that ornamental settings afford additional release from herbivory for exotic plant species.

关键词： enemies release hypothesis forest herbivory host plant suburban urban

H pylori receptor MHC classⅡcontributes to the dynamic gastric epithelial apoptotic response

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第33期12卷 4689-4693页

作者： David A Bland Giovanni Suarez ellen j Beswick johanna C Sierra Victor E Reyes the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston TX 77555-0366 United States

AIM： To investigate the role of MHC class Ⅱ in the modulation of gastric epithelial cell apoptosis induced by H pylori infection. METHODS： After stimulating a human gastric epithelial cell line with bacteria or agonist antibodies specific for MHC class Ⅱ and CD95, the quantitation of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic events, including caspase activation, BCL-2 activation, and FADD recruitment, was performed with a fluorometric assay, a cytometric bead array, and confocal microscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Pretreatment of N87 cells with the anti-MHC class ⅡIgM antibody RFD1 resulted in a reduction in global caspase activation at 24 h of H pylori infection. When caspase 3 activation was specifically measured, crosslinking of MHC class Ⅱ resulted in markedly reduced caspase activation, while simple ligation of MHC class Ⅱ did not. Crosslinking of MHC class Ⅱ also resulted in an increased activation of the anti-apoptosis molecule BCL-2 compared to simple ligation. Confocal microscope analysis demonstrated that the pretreatment of gastric epithelial cells with a crosslinking anti-MHC class Ⅱ IgM blocked the recruitment of FADD to the cell surface. CONCLUSION： The ability of MHC class Ⅱ to modulate gastric epithelial apoptosis is at least partially dependent on its crosslinking. The crosslinking of this molecule has anti-apoptotic effects during the earlier time points of Hpylori infection. This effect is possibly mediated by the ability of MHC class Ⅱ to modulate the activation of the pro-apoptotic receptor Fas by blocking the recruitment of the accessory molecule FADD, and this delay in apoptosis induction could allow for prolonged cytokine secretion by Hpylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.

关键词： Hpylori Epithelium Apoptosis Class Ⅱ MHC

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Understanding celiac disease monitoring patterns and outcomes after diagnosis:A multinational,retrospective chart review study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2603-2614页

作者： Knut EA Lundin Ciaran P Kelly David S Sanders Kristina Chen Sheena Kayaniyil Sisi Wang Rajvi j Wani Caitlin Barrett Shakira Yoosuf ellen S Pettersen Robert Sambrook Daniel A Leffler K.G.jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of OsloOslo 0450Norway Department of Gastroenterology Oslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo 0372Norway Celiac Center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Celiac Research Program Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Royal Hallamshire Hospital University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUnited Kingdom Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. CambridgeMA 02139United States Real World Evidence Strategy and Analytics ICON plc.TorontoON L7N 3G2Canada Real World Evidence Strategy and Analytics ICON plc.VancouverBC V6B 1P1Canada

BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes and monitoring patterns in real-world practice are largely unknown among patients with celiac *** To understand patterns of follow-up and management of patients with celiac disease,and to characterize symptoms and villous atrophy after *** A retrospective chart review study was performed using medical chart data of patients diagnosed with celiac *** gastroenterology referral centers,with substantial expertise in celiac disease,participated in the United Kingdom,United States,and *** and clinical data were collected from medical *** analyses were conducted on patients with biopsyconfirmed celiac disease,diagnosed between 2008 and 2012,with at least one follow-up visit before December 31,*** demographic and clinical characteristics,biopsy/serology tests and results,symptoms,and comorbidities were captured at diagnosis and for each clinic visit occurring within the study period(i.e.,before the study end date of December 31,2017).RESULTS A total of 300 patients were included in this study[72%female;mean age at diagnosis:38.9 years,standard deviation(SD)17.2].Patients were followed-up for a mean of 29.9 mo(SD 22.1)and there were,on average,three follow-up visits per patient during the study *** two-thirds(68.4%)of patients were recorded as having ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and 11.0%had ongoing symptoms and enteropathy during *** 80%of patients were referred to a dietician at least once during the follow-up ***(50.0%)of the patients underwent at least one follow-up duodenal biopsy and 36.6%had continued villous *** of monitoring varied between *** were conducted more frequently in Norway and patients in the United States had a longer follow-up *** This real-world study demonstrates variable follow-up of patients with celiac disease despite most patients continuing to have abnormal histology

关键词： Celiac disease Outcomes research Endoscopy Real-world General practice Villous atrophy

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大学体验英语教学参考书听说教程 4

Detection of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) by a phospho-specific PKD antibody in contracting rat cardiomyocytes

丛书名：《大学体验英语》立体化系列教材

2002年

作者： ellen Kisslinger

本书共包含20个单元，每单元一个主题。这20个主题覆盖了与当代青年学生日常生活相关的大部分内容。全书中的听力材料大都取自真实的交际场景，使听者如同身临其境。

ISBN: (纸本)7040111578

关键词：听说教学

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 1-6页

作者： ellen Dirkx Freek G. Bouwman Didier Vertommen Edwin C. Mariman Sakthivel Sadayappan jan F. C. Glatz joost j. F. P. Luiken Guillaume j. van Eys Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago USA Department of Human Biology Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Department of Molecular Genetics Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Protein Phosphorylation Unit Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium

Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in physiological processes, such as muscle contraction. Phospho-specific antibodies have become powerful tools to study these processes. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is one of the proteins that make up the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes. Phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is essential for normal cardiac function, since dephosphorylation of this protein leads to its degradation and has been associated with cardiomyopathy. One of the upstream kinases, which phosphorylate cMyBP-C, is protein kinase D (PKD). While studying the role of PKD in cMyBP-C phosphorylation, we tried to analyze phosphorylation of PKD with a phospho-specific PKD-Ser744/748 antibody. Contrary to the expected 115 kDa, a signal was found for a 150-kDa protein. By MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we identified this protein to be cMyBP-C. These data were confirmed by immunostaining using the p-PKD-Ser744/748 antibody, which displayed a striated pattern similar to the one observed for a regular cMyBP-C antibody. To our knowledge there are no antibodies commercially available for phosphorylated cMyBP-C. Thus, the p-PKD-Ser744/748 antibody can accelerate research into the role of cMyBP-C phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes.

关键词： Protein Kinase D Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Phospho-Specific Antibody Protein Phosphorylation