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Laser capture microdissection and genetic analysis of carbon-labeled Kupffer cells

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1708-1718页

作者： Stephan Gehring Edmond Sabo maryann E San martin elizabeth m.dickson Chao-Wen Cheng Stephen H Gregory Department of medicine Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States Department of Pathology Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States zentrum fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin der Universitaitsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitait 55101 Mainz Germany

AIm： To develop a method of labeling and microdissecting mouse Kupffer cells within an extraordinarily short period of time using laser capture microdissection （LCm）. mETHODS： Tissues are complex structures comprised of a heterogeneous population of interconnected cells. LCm offers a method of isolating a single cell type from specific regions of a tissue section. LCm is an essential approach used in conjunction with molecular analysis to study the functional interaction of cells in their native tissue environment. The process of labeling and acquiring cells by LCm prior to mRNA isolation can be elaborate, thereby subjecting the RNA to considerable degradation. Kupffer cell labeling is achieved by injecting India ink intravenously, thus circumventing the need for in vitro staining. The significance of this novel approach was validated using a cholestatic liver injury model. RESULTS： mRNA extracted from the microdissected cell population displayed marked increases in colonystimulating factor-1 receptor and Kupffer cell receptor message expression, which demonstrated Kupffer cell enrichment. Gene expression by Kupffer ceils derived from bile-duct-ligated, versus sham-operated, mice was compared. microarray analysis revealed a significant （2.5-fold, q value 〈 10） change in 493 genes. Based on this fold-change and a standardized Pubmed search, 10 genes were identified that were relevant to the ability of Kupffer cells to suppress liver injury. CONCLUSION; The methodology outlined herein provides an approach to isolating high quality RNA from Kupffer cells, without altering the tissue integrity.

关键词： Kupffer cells India ink Laser capturemicrodissection Bile duct ligation DNA microarray

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more evidence intratumoral DHT synthesis drives castration-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 99-100页

作者： elizabeth m Wilson Laboratories for Reproductive Biology Department of Pediatrics Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of North Carolina

Again-of-function stabilizing somatic mutation in 3β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase type 1 （3βHSDI, HSD3B1） was reported in castration-resistant prostate cancer. The A-C nucleotide polymorphism replaced asparagine-367 with threonine （3βHSD1-N367T） as a homozygous somatic mutation in a subset of castration-resistant prostate cancers by loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele. Increased stability of 3[HSD I-N367T was associated with decreased ubiquitin-mediated degradation and higher levels of dihydrotestosterone （DHT）. The studies suggest that genetic instability in castration-resistant prostate cancer favors the more stable 313HSD I-N367T mutant that contributes to drug resistance. A somatic mutation in a steroid metabolic enzyme required for DHT synthesis provides further support for intratumoral androgen synthesis contributing to prostate cancer progression.

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Odyssey of the spermatozoon

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 522-528页

作者： dickson D Varner Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and BiomedicalSciences Texas A and M University College StationTX 77843-4475 USA.

This Opinion piece is offered as a cursory overview of sperm development,function, and transport through the eyes of an equine veterinarian. my professional background is predominantly clinical in nature, but my fascination with sperm function and preservation has led to a fairly sizeable review of the scientific literature over the years in hopes of extracting laboratory findings that have application to my daily activities in the clinical arena. Spermatozoa are quite unique among cellular types with regard to both form and function, and represent the only endogenously derived cell type that exerts its action in a separate being. This paper takes the reader on a voyage with a mammalian spermatozoon, from its formative stages through its transport in the male and female reproductive tracts, and culminating with its interaction with an ovulated oocyte at the time of fertilization. Specific emphasis is placed on equine spermatozoa when notable research findings have been unveiled.

关键词： Opinion development predominantly

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Assessment of nutrient distributions in Lake Champlain using satellite remote sensing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1831-1836页

作者： elizabeth m.Isenstein mi-Hyun Park Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003USA

The introduction of nutrients to lakes causing eutrophic conditions is a major problem around the world. Proper monitoring and modeling are important to effectively manage eutrophication in lake waters. The goal is to develop remote sensing models for nutrients, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, in Lake Champlain. The remote sensing models were created using multivariate linear regression with the unique band combinations of Landsat Enhanced Thematic mapper Plus （ETm＋） imagery based on the empirical relationship with the field observations. The resulting models successfully showed nutrient distributions in the most eutrophic part of Lake Champlain, missisquoi Bay, with reasonable adjusted coefficient of determination values （R2 = 0.81 and 0.75 for total phosphorus and total nitrogen, respectively）. The results show the feasibility and the utility of satellite imagery to detect spatial distributions of lake water quality constituents, which can be used to better understand nutrient distributions in Lake Champlain. This approach can be applicable to other lakes experiencing eutrophication assisting decision making when implementing Best management Practices and other mitigation techniques to lakes.

关键词： Remote sensingmonitoringNutrientsPhosphorus

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采用园形振动筛提高金银回收率

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黄金科学技术 1989年第7期 29-30页

作者： m.dickson 袁居平

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的依魁梯银矿有限公司(Equity Silver mines Ltd.)于1980年9月投产,1984年可行性研究表明,通过浮选尾矿的氰化浸出可经济地附加回收金和银。虽然该矿通常已采用炭浆法或炭浸法提

关键词：振动筛振动清选机筛分机载金炭炭浸浸出槽

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Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第42期16卷 5286-5296页

作者： elizabeth m Brunt Dina G Tiniakos Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110United States Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Histological analysis of liver biopsies remains a standard against which other methods of assessment for the presence and amount of hepatic injury due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) are *** evaluation remains the sole method of distinguishing steatosis from advanced forms of NAFLD,*** steatohepatitis(NASH) and *** in the lesions of NAFLD are steatosis,lobular and portal inflammation,hepatocyte injury in the forms of ballooning and apoptosis,and ***,patterns of these lesions are as distinguishing as the lesions *** injury in adults and children due to NAFLD may have different histological *** this review,the rationale for liver biopsy,as well as the histopathological lesions,the microscopically observable patterns of injury,and the differential diagnoses of NAFLD and NASH are discussed.

关键词： Fatty liver Steatosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Fibrosis

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Determinants and rates of land degradation： Application of stationary time-series model to data from a semi-arid environment in Kenya

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： kevin z mganga dickson m nyariki nashon k r musimba dorothy a amwata department of range and wildlife sciences south eastern kenya university170-90200 KituiKenya department of agricultural economics and agribusiness south eastern kenya university170-90200 KituiKenya school of business and economics murangáuniversity of technology75-10200 MurangaKenya

The causes of land degradation in the African drylands have been shown to vary. Some researchers consider climate to be the major contributor to degradation, with anthropogenic factors playing a minor role. Others reverse the significance of these two factors. A third group attributes land degradation to climate and anthropogenic factors equally. This study was undertaken to establish the factors influencing land degradation in a semi-arid environment in southeastern Kenya and the rate of change in vegetation types for a period of 35 years （1973-2007）. The reduction in grassland cover was used as an indicator of land degradation. Causes of land degradation were determined by a multiple regression analysis. A log-linear regression analysis was used to establish the rate of vegetation change. The multiple and log-linear regression analyses showed：（1） woody vegetation, livestock population and cultivated area to be the main contributors of reduction in grassland cover in the area, and （2） an increase in undesirable woody species, livestock population and cultivated area had a significant （P〈0.05） negative effect on grassland vegetation. Increased human population, low amounts of rainfall and drought showed no significant negative effect on grassland vegetation cover. In conclusion, human and livestock population growth and increased agricultural land have contributed to intensive crop cultivation and overgrazing in the semi-arid lands. This overuse of the semi-arid rangelands has worsened the deterioration of the natural grassland vegetation.

关键词： regression analysis land degradation grassland cover semi-arid Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa

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Role of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9026-9037页

作者： ILKe Nalbantoglu elizabeth m Brunt Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSaint Louis MO 63110 United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as abnormal accumulation (> 5%) of hepatic triglyceride without excess alcohol intake, is the most common form of chronic liver disease in adults and children in the United States. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of histologic findings including uncomplicated steatosis, steatosis with inflammation and steatohepatitis [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]; the latter can advance to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is currently accepted as the hepatic manifestation of the set of cardiovascular risk factors collectively known as metabolic syndrome. In 1999 a system for histologic grading and staging for NASH was proposed; this was revised by the NASH Clinical Research Network in 2005 for the entire spectrum of lesions in NAFLD, including the lesions and patterns of pediatric NAFLD, and for application in clinical research trials. Diagnosis remains distinct from grade and stage. A recent European proposal separates steatosis from activity to derive a numeric diagnosis of NASH. Even though there have been promising advancements in non-invasive testing, these tests are not yet detailed enough to replace the full range of findings provided by liver biopsy evaluation. Limitations of biopsy are acknowledged, but liver biopsy remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis and determination of amounts of necroinflammatory activity, and location of fibrosis, as well as remodeling of the parenchyma in NASH. This review focuses on the specific histologic lesions of NAFLD and NASH, grading and staging, differential diagnoses to be considered, and the continuing role of the liver biopsy in this important liver disease.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver biopsy Histopathology Grading and staging

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Current and near-term advances in Earth observation for ecological applications

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 1-57页

作者： Susan L.Ustin elizabeth m.middleton John muir Institute of the Environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(Emerita) GreenbeltMD 20771USA.

There is an unprecedented array of new satellite technologies with capabilities for advancing our understanding of ecological processes and the changing composition of the Earth’s biosphere at scales from local plots to the whole *** identified 48 instruments and 13 platforms with multiple instruments that are of broad interest to the environmental sciences that either collected data in the 2000s,were recently launched,or are planned for launch in this *** have restricted our review to instruments that primarily observe terrestrial landscapes or coastal margins and are available under free and open data *** focused on imagers that passively measure wavelengths in the reflected solar and emitted thermal *** suite of instruments we describe measure land surface characteristics,including land cover,but provide a more detailed monitoring of ecosystems,plant communities,and even some species then possible from historic *** newer instruments have potential to greatly improve our understanding of ecosystem functional relationships among plant traits like leaf mass area(LmA),total nitrogen content,and leaf area index(LAI).They provide new information on physiological processes related to photosynthesis,transpiration and respiration,and stress detection,including capabilities to measure key plant and soil biophysical *** include canopy and soil temperature and emissivity,chlorophyll fluorescence,and biogeochemical contents like photosynthetic pigments(e.g.,chlorophylls,carotenoids,and phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria),water,cellulose,lignin,and nitrogen in foliar *** data will enable us to quantify and characterize various soil properties such as iron content,several types of soil clays,organic matter,and other *** of these satellites are in low Earth orbit(LEO),but we include a few in geostationary orbit(GEO)because of their potential to measure plant physiological traits over diurnal periods,impro

关键词： Terrestrial ecosystems Earth Observing Satellites Ecosystem processes Physiological functions multispectral Hyperspectral Thermal LiDAR Radar imagers Biochemistry Soil properties Species mapping Change detection 3D canopy structure Topography

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Increased presence of effector lymphocytes during Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第13期18卷 1459-1469页

作者： Sarah J mcCaskey elizabeth A Rondini Jonathan F Clinthorne Ingeborg m Langohr elizabeth m Gardner Jenifer I Fenton Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Food Science Human Nutrition Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing MI 48824United States

AIm： To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic （SmAD）3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with He- Iicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus）. mETHODS： SmAD3/ （n = L9） and colitis-resistant SmAD3＋/ （n = 24） mice （8-10 wk of age） were in- fected with/-/, hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations [T lymphocytes, natural killer （NK） cells, T regulatory cells] were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes （msLNs） at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry. Genotype-dependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B＋ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： As previously observed, SmAD3＋, but not SmAD3＋/- mice, developed colitis, peaking at 4 wk post-infection. No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the msLNs between genotypes at any time point. However, CD4＋ and CD8＋/ CD62L＋＋ cells, an effector T lymphocyte population, as well as NK cells （NKp46/DX5＋） were significantly higher in the msLNs of SmAD3/ mice at 7 d and 28 d post-in- fection. In the colon, a higher number of CD3＋ cells were present in SmAD3＋ compared to SmAD3＋/- mice at base- line, which did not significantly change during infection. However, the number of granzyme B＋ cells, a marker of cytolytic lymphoo/tes, significantly increased in SmAD3＋ mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SmAD3＋/- mice and to baseline values. This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals. CONCLUSION： Data suggest that defects in SmAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H. hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphoo/tes.

关键词： Transforming growth factor-J3 Colitis Dro-sophila mothers against decapentaplegic Colon cancer T lymphocytes

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