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A high incidence of non-cavity nesting in an introduced population of House Sparrows suggests that the species should not be constrained by cavity-nest site availability

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 202-209页

作者： elizabeth Louise Sheldon Simon charles Griffith Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

Background: The House Sparrow(Passer domesticus) has undergone dramatic population declines in many parts of *** has been widely hypothesised that a lack of cavity nest sites has contributed to this *** the idea of the House Sparrow being nest site limited is somewhat incompatible with the long history of nest site plasticity in the ***: The nest-site selection in a population of non-native House Sparrows introduced to Australia from Europe just over 150 years ago was *** prevalence of non-cavity nesting was quantified,and nest-site selection in terms of landscape and nesting structure were ***: Flexible nesting behaviors were reported over a range of different landscapes and a surprisingly high rate of nesting in vegetation(43%) was *** nests found in vegetation were not in cavities,but were woven into the foliage and supported by branches and ***: The high rate of vegetation nesting indicates that in this introduced population,the House Sparrow is unlikely to be constrained by cavity-nest site *** high degree of nest site plasticity in the Australian population may suggest that European House Sparrows have the potential to shift away from their proclivity for cavity *** work in Europe should examine the incidence of non-cavity nesting in House Sparrows more closely,and perhaps reconsider the idea that House Sparrows are nest-site constrained.

关键词： Passer domesticus cavity nests House Sparrow decline Nesting plasticity

Risk factors for neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第32期17卷 3672-3683页

作者： elizabeth F Wiseman Yeng S Ang Department of Gastroenterology Royal Albert Edward Infirmary Wigan Lane Wigan Greater Manchester WN1 2NN United Kingdom Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences School of Translational Medicine The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Barrett's esophagus (BE) confers a significant increased risk for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAc), with the pathogenesis appearing to progress through a "metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma" (MDc) sequence. Many of the genetic insults driving this MDc sequence have recently been characterized, providing targets for candidate biomarkers with potential clinical utility to stratify risk in individual patients. Many clinical risk factors have been investigated, and associations with a variety of genetic, specific gastrointestinal and other modifiable factors have been proposed in the literature. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in neoplastic progression of BE to EAc and critically appraises the relative roles and contributions of these putative risk factors from the published evidence currently available.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal adeno-carcinoma Metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma Neoplastic progression Risk factors

Soybean Ferritin:Isolation,characterization,and Free Radical Generation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第1期54卷 45-54页

作者： Andrea Galatro elizabeth Robello Susana Puntarulo Physical chemistry-PRALIB School of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of Buenos Aires

The main aim of this work was to assess the multi-task role of ferritin （Ft） in the oxidative metabolism of soybean （Glycine max）. Soybean seeds incubated for 24 h yielded 41 4- 5μg Ft/g fresh weight. The rate of in vitro incorporation of iron （Fe） into Ft was tested by supplementing the reaction medium with physiological Fe chelators. The control rate, observed in the presence of 100μM Fe, was not significantly different from the values observed in the presence of 100 μM Fe-his. However, it was significantly higher in the presence of 100 μM Fe-citrate （approximately 4.5-fold） or of 100 μM Fe-ATP （approximately 14-fold）. Moreover, a substantial decrease in the Trp-dependent fluorescence of the Ft protein was determined during Fe uptake from Fe-citrate, as compared with the control. On the other hand, Ft addition to homogenates from soybean embryonic axes reduced endogenously generated ascorbyl radical, according to its capacity for Fe uptake. The data presented here suggest that Ft could be involved in the generation of free radicals, such as hydroxyl radical, by Fe-catalyzed reactions. Moreover, the scavenging of these radicals by Ft itself could then lead to protein damage. However, Ft could also prevent cellular damage by the uptake of catalytically active Fe.

关键词： ferritin free radical iron soybean.

Yeast display of MHc-II enables rapid identification of peptide ligands from protein antigens(RIPPA)

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第8期18卷 1847-1860页

作者： Rongzeng Liu Wei Jiang elizabeth DMellin Department of Pediatrics-Human Gene Therapy Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Stanford Immunology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Department of Immunology Henan University of Science and Technology School of MedicineLuoyangChina

cD4^(+)T cells orchestrate adaptive immune responses via binding of antigens to their receptors through specific peptide/MHc-II *** study these responses,it is essential to identify protein-derived MHc-II peptide ligands that constitute epitopes for T cell ***,generating cells expressing single MHc-II alleles and isolating these proteins for use in peptide elution or binding studies is time ***,we express human MHc alleles(HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ6)as native,noncovalentαβdimers on yeast cells for direct flow cytometry-based screening of peptide ligands from selected *** demonstrate rapid,accurate identification of DQ6 ligands from pre-pro-hypocretin,a narcolepsy-related immunogenic *** also identify 20 DR4-binding SARS-coV-2 spike peptides homologous to SARS-coV-1 epitopes,and one spike peptide overlapping with the reported SARS-coV-2 epitope recognized by cD4^(+)T cells from unexposed individuals carrying DR4 *** method is optimized for immediate application upon the emergence of novel pathogens.

关键词： yeast display MHc ligands T cell epitopes RIPPA SARS-coV-2 S

cHO cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses of disinfection by-products： An updated review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 64-76页

作者： elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1101 W Peabody Dr. Urbana IL 61801 United States Department of crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1101 W Peabody Dr. Urbana IL 61801 United States

The disinfection of drinking water is an important public health service that generates high quality, safe and palatable tap water. The disinfection of drinking water to reduce waterborne disease was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20 th *** unintended consequence is the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter,anthropogenic contaminants and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products（DBPs）.A large number of DBPs are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Epidemiological studies demonstrated low but significant associations between disinfected drinking water and adverse health effects. The distribution of DBPs in disinfected waters has been well defined by advances in high precision analytical chemistry. Progress in the analytical biology and toxicology of DBPs has been *** objective of this review was to provide a detailed presentation of the methodology for the quantitative, comparative analyses on the induction of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of103 DBPs using an identical analytical biological platform and endpoints. A single chinese hamster ovary cell line was employed in the assays. The data presented are derived from papers published in the literature as well as additional new data and represent the largest direct quantitative comparison on the toxic potency of both regulated and emerging *** data may form the foundation of novel research to define the major forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity in disinfected water and may play an important role in achieving the goal of making safe drinking water better.

关键词： DBPs Mammalian cell cytotoxicity Mammalian cell genotoxicity

Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells

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World Journal of Stem cells 2019年第5期11卷 236-253页

作者： Kate elizabeth Hawkins Michael Duchen cell and Developmental Biology Division of Biosciences University College London

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPScs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSc models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSc-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.

关键词： Induced pluripotent stem cells Alzheimer's disease Mitochondria

Intestinal antigen-presenting cells in mucosal immune homeostasis:crosstalk between dendritic cells,macrophages and B-cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9653-9664页

作者： elizabeth R Mann Xuhang Li Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

The intestinal immune system maintains a delicate balance between immunogenicity against invading pathogens and tolerance of the commensal microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a breakdown in tolerance towards the microbiota. Dendritic cells (Dc), macrophages (MΦ) and B-cells are known as professional antigen-presenting cells (APc) due to their specialization in presenting processed antigen to T-cells, and in turn shaping types of T-cell responses generated. Intestinal Dc are migratory cells, unique in their ability to generate primary T-cell responses in mesenteric lymph nodes or Peyer’s patches, whilst MΦ and B-cells contribute to polarization and differentiation of secondary T-cell responses in the gut lamina propria. The antigen-sampling function of gut Dc and MΦ enables them to sample bacterial antigens from the gut lumen to determine types of T-cell responses generated. The primary function of intestinal B-cells involves their secretion of large amounts of immunoglobulin A, which in turn contributes to epithelial barrier function and limits immune responses towards to microbiota. Here, we review the role of all three types of APc in intestinal immunity, both in the steady state and in inflammation, and how these cells interact with one another, as well as with the intestinal microenvironment, to shape mucosal immune responses. We describe mechanisms of maintaining intestinal immune tolerance in the steady state but also inappropriate responses of APc to components of the gut microbiota that contribute to pathology in IBD.

关键词： Antigen presenting cells Dendritic cells Macrophages B cells Inflammatory bowel disease

Role of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9026-9037页

作者： ILKe Nalbantoglu elizabeth M Brunt Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSaint Louis MO 63110 United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as abnormal accumulation (> 5%) of hepatic triglyceride without excess alcohol intake, is the most common form of chronic liver disease in adults and children in the United States. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of histologic findings including uncomplicated steatosis, steatosis with inflammation and steatohepatitis [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]; the latter can advance to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is currently accepted as the hepatic manifestation of the set of cardiovascular risk factors collectively known as metabolic syndrome. In 1999 a system for histologic grading and staging for NASH was proposed; this was revised by the NASH clinical Research Network in 2005 for the entire spectrum of lesions in NAFLD, including the lesions and patterns of pediatric NAFLD, and for application in clinical research trials. Diagnosis remains distinct from grade and stage. A recent European proposal separates steatosis from activity to derive a numeric diagnosis of NASH. Even though there have been promising advancements in non-invasive testing, these tests are not yet detailed enough to replace the full range of findings provided by liver biopsy evaluation. Limitations of biopsy are acknowledged, but liver biopsy remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis and determination of amounts of necroinflammatory activity, and location of fibrosis, as well as remodeling of the parenchyma in NASH. This review focuses on the specific histologic lesions of NAFLD and NASH, grading and staging, differential diagnoses to be considered, and the continuing role of the liver biopsy in this important liver disease.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver biopsy Histopathology Grading and staging

Unraveling links between aging,circadian rhythm and cancer:Insights from evidence-based analysis

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chinese Journal of cancer Research 2024年第3期36卷 341-350页

作者： Dechao Feng Yuhan Xiao Jie Wang Ruicheng Wu Zhouting Tuo Koo Han Yoo Wuran Wei Dilinaer Wusiman Zhipeng Wang Dengxiong Li Yubo Yang William c.cho Mang Ke Department of Urology Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Division of Surgery&Interventional Science University College LondonLondon W1W 7TSUK Department of Urology Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityTaizhou 317000China Department of Urology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601China Department of Urology Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 130-701South Korea Department of comparative Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Purdue Institute for cancer Research Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Urology Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072China Department of Urology Three Gorges HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing 404000China Department of clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong Kong SARChina

Aging and circadian rhythms have been connected for decades,but their molecular interaction has remained unknown,especially for *** this situation,we summarized the current research actuality and problems in this field using the bibliometric *** in the PubMed and Web of Science databases were ***,there is a rising trend in the publication volume regarding aging and circadian rhythms in the field of *** from USA,Germany,Italy,china and England have greater studies than *** three publication institutions are University of california System,UDIcE-French Research Universities and University of Texas *** research hotspots include oxidative stress,breast cancer,melatonin,cell cycle,calorie restriction,prostate cancer and NF-κ*** conclusion,results generated by bibliometric analysis indicate that many approaches involve in the complex interactions between aging and circadian rhythm in *** established and emerging research directions guide our exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of aging and circadian rhythms in cancer and provide a reference for developing new research avenues.

关键词： Aging circadian rhythm human cancer bibliometric analysis oxidative stress