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Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport among a Collegiate Cross-Country Team

Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2021年第2期11卷 81-90页

作者： Regina l. Schimek elizabeth Blodgett Salafia Sherri Stastny Department of Health Nutrition and Exercise Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota Department of Human Development and Family Science North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota

Objective: To investigate risk for relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S) among a team of female and male collegiate long-distance runners. Methods: North Dakota State University (Fargo, ND, USA) female and male competitive long-distance runners who agreed to participate during fall semester, 2019, completed an electronic survey containing the lEAF-Q and EAT-26 surveys and additionally completed a DXA scan, to screen for low energy availability and RED-S, disordered eating/eating disorders, and bone health, respectively. Participants were required to be 18 - 25 years old, not injured, training a mini-mum of five hours per week, and currently participating as part of a collegiate competitive team. Thirteen participants (male = 3) finished the study which also included energy intake and exercise expenditure self-reported with a three-day food diary and exercise log and estimated with ESHA Food Processor. Response rate was 42% of entire team;mean age 19.8. Results: The lEAF-Q significantly predicted risk for RED-S (p lations using the participants EAT-26 score, energy availability levels (p ll comparisons, although there was a moderate positive correlation between EAT-26 and RED-S risk (R = 0.454). Participants at risk for RED-S had higher occurrences of injuries (p lower DXA measured Z-scores (p Conclusion: long distance runners at risk for RED-S may have higher occurrences of injuries and lower bone mineral density, which can be easily measured using available screeners and DXA technology. What are the new findings: · long distance runners at risk for RED-S may have higher occurrences of injuries and lower bone mineral density then age- and sex-matched individuals. How might it impact on clinical practice in the near future: · This

关键词： RED-S long-Distance Runners Bone Mineral Density

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Focused transcription from the human CR2/CD21 core promoter is regulated by synergistic activity of TATA and Initiator elements in mature B cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 119-131页

作者： Rhonda l Taylor Mark N Cruickshank Mahdad Karimi Han leng Ng elizabeth Quail Kenneth M Kaufman John B Harley lawrence J Abraham Betty P Tsao Susan A Boackle Daniela Ulgiati School of Pathology and laboratory Medicine Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA

Complement receptor 2 （CR2/CD21） is predominantly expressed on the surface of mature B cells where it forms part of a coreceptor complex that functions, in part, to modulate B-cell receptor signal strength. CR2/CD21 expression is tightly regulated throughout B-cell development such that CR2/CD21 cannot be detected on pre-B or terminally differentiated plasma cells. CR2/CD21 expression is upregulated at B-cell maturation and can be induced by Il-4 and CD40 signaling pathways. We have previously characterized elements in the proximal promoter and first intron of CR2/CD21 that are involved in regulating basal and tissue-specific expression. We now extend these analyses to the CR2/CD21 core promoter. We show that in mature B cells, CR2/~D21 transcription proceeds from a focused TSS regulated by a non-consensus TATA box, an initiator element and a downstream promoter element. Furthermore, occupancy of the general transcriptional machinery in pre-B versus mature B-cell lines correlate with CR2/CD21 expression level and indicate that promoter accessibility must switch from inactive to active during the transitional B-cell window.

关键词： B cells core promoter CR2/CD21 molecular biology transcription factor

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-ing还是-en?英语学习者对形容词性分词的困惑

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Chinese Journal of Applied linguistics 2023年第1期46卷 48-70,151页

作者： Hye K.PAE Jing SUN Haiyang AI elizabeth lowrance FAlHABER 辛辛那提大学教育学院美国

形容词性分词在英语中可以用作定语或者表语。本研究考察了英语学习者对形容词性分词的使用情况,调查分词习得的困难究竟是与母语相关还是与英语本身的特征有关。英语是二语而母语是中文的学生和混合母语的学生分为两组参加了写出不含... 详细信息

形容词性分词在英语中可以用作定语或者表语。本研究考察了英语学习者对形容词性分词的使用情况,调查分词习得的困难究竟是与母语相关还是与英语本身的特征有关。英语是二语而母语是中文的学生和混合母语的学生分为两组参加了写出不含语境的目标英语句子的第一个实验。其中前一组学生又参加了写出含有语境的目标英语句子的第二个实验。第一个实验显示,在控制了学习者英语水平的前提下,两组学生对名词前作定语的形容词性分词的表现不同,而第二个实验显示,句子的语境并没有帮助母语是中文的学生表现更好。有语境时,目标词语的频率效应消失。这些结果表示,形容词性分词的复杂性不仅源于英语的语言学特征,也与学生的母语和英语水平相关。

关键词：形容词性分词现在分词过去分词英语学习者

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Estimating Potential Nitrogen Mineralisation Using the Solvita Soil Respiration System

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第12期5卷 319-323页

作者： Richard l. Haney elizabeth B. Haney Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) Temple TX USA Texas Agrilife Research & Extension Center Texas A & M University Temple TX USA

Nitrogen (N) mineralisation contributes considerably to crop growth in fertilized and unfertilized fields. It is useful to be able to assess potential N mineralisation to increase fertilizer application efficiency, prevent excessive N runoff, and improve environmental system models. The microbes present in soil mineralize N based on many factors, including soil temperature and moisture, tillage, and levels of organic C and N. The measurement of soil’s ability to mineralize N is considered a good indicator of soil quality. Many methods have been developed to estimate N mineralisation in the laboratory and field. The 7-day anaerobic N mineralisation method developed in the 1960’s is considered reliable and is often used to compare new N-mineralisation testing methods. This study examines the use of soil CO2 evolution as determined using the Solvita Soil Respiration System (Solvita) for estimating N mineralisation by comparing it directly to the anaerobic N mineralisation test. Measured CO2 using Solvita was strongly correlated with anaerobic N mineralisation (r2 = 0.82). Results indicate that the Solvita Soil Respiration System can be used to rapidly assess soil respiration and relative N mineralisation potential in any given soil and is considerably faster and easier to perform in a laboratory setting than the anaerobic N mineralisation test.

关键词： Anaerobic N Nitrogen Mineralisation Soil Respiration

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3种僵硬度评估方法的效度与信度（英文）

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第4期5卷 476-483页

作者： elizabeth C.Pruyn Mark l.Watsford Aron J.Murphy Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney School of Science and Technology University of New England

背景:通常根据运动损伤和运动表现来评估僵硬度。本研究旨在通过分析1组受试者的数据,比较3种僵硬度评估方法的效度和信度。方法:为确定日间信度,15名女子篮网球运动员在1周内完成2次僵硬度评估。内容包括单侧跳跃(垂直僵硬度测试)、腓... 详细信息

背景:通常根据运动损伤和运动表现来评估僵硬度。本研究旨在通过分析1组受试者的数据,比较3种僵硬度评估方法的效度和信度。方法:为确定日间信度,15名女子篮网球运动员在1周内完成2次僵硬度评估。内容包括单侧跳跃(垂直僵硬度测试)、腓肠自由振荡以及组成腓肠三头肌几块肌肉的压力测定。为建立聚合建构效度将僵硬度与静态及动态力量测试相比较。结果:僵硬度重复测试结果表明,垂直僵硬度可达到中到高度信度,肌压力测定的信度可达到中到很高程度。与此相反,自由振荡技术的信度为低到中度。蹲跳期间垂直僵硬度与发力速度显著相关,同时下肢三处的肌力测定的僵硬度与等距力量速率也显著相关。此外,偏心利用率与肌力计测量的各种僵硬度结果间呈显著负相关。自由振荡技术与各种性能测量结果之间无相关关系。结论:垂直僵硬度和肌力计测量是有效、可信的刚度评估方法。

关键词：腓肠僵硬度自由振荡技术肌力计检测肌张力评估仪垂直跳跃测试垂直僵硬度

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Diphenylarsinic acid sorption batch experiments and mechanisms in soils using EXAFS spectroscopy

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 31-42页

作者： Meng Zhu Yongming luo Ruyi Yang Shoubiao Zhou Juqin Zhang Mengvun Zhang Peter Christie elizabeth l.Rylott College of Environmental Science and Engineering.Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002China Key laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China Anhui Provincial Engineering laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002China Centre for Novel Agricultural Products Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Diphenylarsinic acid(DPAA)is a phenyl arsenic compound derived from chemical warfare *** and microscopic work on DPAA sorption will provide useful information in predicting the partitioning and mobility of DPAA in the soil-water ***,batch experiments and extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS)spectroscopy were used to investigate the sorption mechanisms of *** DPAA sorption data from 11 soil types was found to fit the Freundlich equation,and the sorption capacity,Kf,was significantly and positively correlated with oxalateextractable *** Kf values of eight of the 11 untreated soils(1.51113.04)significantly decreased upon removal of amorphous metal(hydr)oxides(0.51-13.37).When both amorphous and crystalline metal(hydr)oxides were removed from the untreated soils,the values either decreased or slightly increased(0.65-3.09).Subsequent removal of soil organic matter from these amorphous and crystalline metal(hydr)oxide-depleted samples led to ftirther decreases in A^f to 0.021.38,with only one exception(Sulfic Aquic-Orthic Halosols).These findings strongly suggest that ligand exchange reactions with amorphous metal(hydr)oxides contribute most to DPAA sorption on *** data provide further evidence that DPAA primarily formed bidentate binuclear(~C)and monodentate mononuclear(1 V)coring-sharing complexes with As-Fe distances of 3.34 and 3.66 A,respectively,on Fe(hydr)*** of these results with earlier studies suggests that 2C and 1 F complexes of DPAA may be favored under low and high surface coverages,respectively,with the formation of 1 V bonds possibly conserving the sorption sites or decreasing the steric hindrance derived from phenyl substituents.

关键词： Diphenylarsinic acid EXAFS Fe(hydr)oxide Soil organic matter Sorption mechanism

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Gene transcription profiting of astheno-and normo-zoospermic sperm subpopulations

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 608-615页

作者： Pedro Caballero-Campo Saul lira-Albarran David Barrera elizabeth Borja-Cacho Hector S Godoy-Morales Claudia Rangel-Escareno Fernando larrea Mayel Chirinos Department of Reproduction Biology National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador ZubiranMexico City 14080Mexico Tambre Foundation Madrid 28002Spain Reproductive Medicine Unit Angeles del Ped regal HospitalMexico City 10700Mexico Computational Genomic and Integrative Biology laboratory National Institute of Genomic MedicineMexico City 14610Mexico

Spermatozoa contain a repertoire of RNAs considered to be potential functional fertility *** this study,the gene expression of human sperm subpopulations with high(F1)and low(F2)motility from healthy normozoospermic(N)and asthenozoospermic(A)individuals was evaluated using RNA microarray followed by functional genomic analysis of differentially expressed *** from A-F1 versus N-F1,A-F2 versus N-F2,N-F1 versus N-F2,and A-F1 versus A-F2 comparisons showed a considerably larger set of downregulated genes in tests versus *** ontology(GO)analysis of A-F1 versus N-F1 identified 507 overrepresented biological processes(BPs),several of which are associated with sperm *** addition,gene set enrichment analysis of the same contrast showed 110 BPs,36 cellular comp on ents,and 31 molecular functions,several of which are involved in sperm motility.A leadi ng・edge analysis of selected GO terms resulted in several down regulated genes encoding to dyn eins and kin esins,both related to sperm ***,the predicted activation state of asthenozoospermia was increased,while fertility,cell movement of sperm,and gametogenesis were ***,several downregulated genes characteristic of the canonical pathway protein ubiquitination were involved in asthenozoospermia ***,GO analysis of A-F2 versus N-F2 did not identify overrepresented BPs,although the gene set enrichment analysis detected six enriched BPs,one cellular component,and two molecular ***,the results show differences in gene transcription between sperm subpopulations from asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic semen samples and allowed the identification of gene sets relevant to sperm physiology and reproduction.

关键词： asthenozoospermia male in fertility microarray sperm transcriptome

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Medication beliefs predict medication adherence in ambulatory patients with decompensated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第40期23卷 7321-7331页

作者： Kelly l Hayward Patricia C Valery Jennifer H Martin Antara Karmakar Preya J Patel leigh U Horsfall Caroline J Tallis Katherine A Stuart Penny l Wright David D Smith Katharine M Irvine elizabeth E Powell W Neil Cottrell Pharmacy Department Princess Al-exandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Cancer and Chronic Disease Research Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Medicine and Public Health The University of Newcastle The Centre for liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Statistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland

AIM To investigate the impact of medication beliefs, illness perceptions and quality of life on medication adherence in people with decompensated *** One hundred adults with decompensated cirrhosis completed a structured questionnaire when they attended for routine outpatient hepatology review. Measures of self-reported medication adherence(Morisky Medication Adherence Scale), beliefs surrounding medications(Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire), perceptions of illness and medicines(Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), and quality of life(Chronic liver Disease Questionnaire) were examined. Clinical data were obtained via patient history and review of medical records. least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and stepwise backwards regression techniques were used to construct the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at alpha = *** Medication adherence was " High " in 42 % o f participants, "Medium" in 37%, and "low" in 21%. Compared to patients with "High" adherence, those with "Medium" or "low" adherence were more likely to report difficulty affording their medications(P lower perception of treatment helpfulness(P = 0.003) and stronger medication concerns relative to medication necessity beliefs(P = 0.003). People with "low" adherence also experienced greater symptom burden and poorer quality of life, including more frequent abdominal pain(P = 0.023), shortness of breath(P = 0.030), and emotional disturbances(P = 0.050). Multivariable analysis identified having stronger medication concerns relative to necessity beliefs(Necessity-Concerns Differential ≤ 5, OR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.18-11.40) and more frequent shortness of breath(shortness of breath score ≤ 3, OR = 3.87,95%CI: 1.22-12.25) as independent predictors of "low"*** The association between "low" adherence and patients having strong concerns or doubting the necessity or helpfulness of their medications should be explor

关键词： Medication adherence Medication beliefs Illness perceptions Quality of life liver cirrhosis

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Potential Application of Exopolysaccharides from lactobacillus delbrueckii FASHADFF1 (lDYG2) and Weissella confusa FASHADFF1 (WCFF1) in Sourdough Bread Production

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第8期12卷 481-499页

作者： Racheal Oluwayemisi Fashogbon Jadesola Sanusi Gbemisola elizabeth Ogunleye Moyinoluwa Oreoluwa Akintunde Bukola Christianah Adebayo-Tayo Department of Biological Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Cresent University Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Kola Daisi University Ibadan Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Baking of sourdough is a common practice and has the advantage of improving the nutritional value, sensory qualities and increasing the shelf life of the bread. This study therefore focus on the antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of exopolysaccharides form lactic Acid Bacteria (lAB) and its application in sourdough production. The lactobacillus delbrueckii lDYG2 and Weissella confusa WCFF1 were collected from the culture collection Centre and the lABs were maintained in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. Modified Exopolysaccharide Selection Medium (mESM) was used to produce the EPS while the total sugar concentration was determined using phenol-sulfuric acid method. The antibacterial, antioxidant, proximate, physical, organoleptic properties and the shelf life of the SDB produced were also evaluated. The quantity of EPS produced by lDYG2 and WCFF1 ranged from 4743.75 - 5090.03 g/l. Eight different sugars were present in both EPSlD and EPSWC with high antibacterial activity (24 mm and 23 mm) against B. cereus and S. aureus respectively. EPSlD and EPSWC had antioxidant capacity increased in a dose dependent (0.5 - 10 mg/ml) manner. EPSWCSDB had the highest proximate content except for moisture content. There was a significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) in the shelf life extension of the sourdough bread. WCEPSSDB was generally accepted in terms of colour, aroma, taste, texture and palatability. EPS produced by l. delbrueckii (EPSlD) and W. confusa (EPSWC) has antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity and can be used in production of nutraceutical sourdough bread with an improved shelf life and high consumer acceptability.

关键词： lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharide Antimicrobial Antioxidant Sourdough Bread Shelf life

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Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of key transcription factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 163-172页

作者： elizabeth R A Glynn Alfredo Sanchez londono Steven A Zinn Thomas A Hoagl Kristen E Govoni Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut3636 Horsebarn Road Ext.Unit 4040StorrsCT 06269-4040USA Department of Environmental and Population Health Tufts University North GraftonMA 01536USA

Background： The use of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSC） is a novel method to improve fracture healing in horses. However, additional research is needed to identify optimal culture conditions and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The objectives of the experiments were to determine： 1） if autologous or commercial serum is better for proliferation and differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts, and 2） the expression of key transcription factors during the differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. Equine BMSC were isolated from the sterna of 3 horses, treated with purchased fetal bovine serum （FBS） or autologous horse serum （HS）, and cell proliferation determined. To induce osteoblast differentiation, cells were incubated with l-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and glycerol-2-phosphate in the presence or absence of human bone morphogenetic protein2 （BMP2）, dexamethasone （DEX）, or combination of the two. Alkaline phosphatase （AlP） activity, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, was determined by ElISA. Total RNA was isolated from differentiating BMSC between d 0 to 18 to determine expression of runt-reloted tronscrJption foctor2 （Runx2）, osterix （Osx）, and T-box3 （Tbx3）. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results： Relative to control, FBS and HS increased cell number （133 ± 5 and 116 ± 5%, respectively; P 〈 0.001） and 5-bromo- 2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） incorporation （167 ± 6 and 120 ± 6%, respectively; P 〈 0.001）. Treatment with DEX increased AlP activity compared with control （1,638 ± 38%; P 〈 0.001）. In the absence and presence of Dex, BMP-2 did not alter AlP activity （P 〉 0.8）. Runt-reloted transcription foctor2 expression increased 3-fold （P 〈 0.001） by d 6 of culture. Osterix expression increased 94old （P 〈 0.05） by d 18 of culture. Expression of Tbx3 increased 1.8-fold at d 3 （P 〈 0.01）; however expression was reduced 4-fold at d 18 （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Dexamethasone, but not BMP-2, is requir

关键词： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Cell culture Equine Osteoblasts Transcription factors

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