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Oximes： Unrecognized Chameleons in Genera and Specialized Plant Metabolism

Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 95-117页

作者： Mette S rensen elizabeth h.j. neilson Birger Lindberg Moiler Plant Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark Center for Synthetic Biology University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Oximes （R1R2C=NOh） are nitrogen-containing chemical constituents that are formed in species representing all kingdoms of life. In plants, oximes are positioned at important metabolic bifurcation points between general and specialized metabolism. The majority of plant oximes are amino acid-derived metabolites formed by the action of a cytochrome P450 from the CYP79 family. Auxin, cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates, and a number of other bioactive specialized metabolites including volatiles are produced from oximes. Oximes with the E configuration have high biological activity compared with Z-oximes. Oximes or their derivatives have been demonstrated or proposed to play roles in growth regulation, plant defense, pollinator attraction, and plant communication with the surrounding environment. In addition, oxime-derived products may serve as quenchers of reactive oxygen species and storage compounds for reduced nitrogen that may be released on demand by the activation of endogenous turnover pathways. As highly bioactive molecules, chemically synthesized oximes have found versatile uses in many sectors of society, especially in the agro- and medical sectors. This review provides an update on the structural diversity, occurrence, and biosynthesis of oximes in plants and discusses their role as key players in plant general and specialized metabolism.

关键词： structural diversity CYP79 auxin cyanogenic glucosides volatile organic compounds E-oxime Z-oxime

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Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon j. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su hyun elizabeth Ko G. Adam Mott jason C.L. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of Cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years.As proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple seasons.Such differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular damage.The present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar h2O2spraying)and complete prolonged darkness.As chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our hypotheses.We predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to annuals.Chlorophyll levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using spectrophotometry.While chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as predicted.When plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,chlorophyll resynthesis rates did not consistently

关键词： Ageing Life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

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Quantification of changes in zero valent iron morphology using X-ray computed tomography

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期25卷 2344-2351页

作者： Ping Luo elizabeth h.Bailey Sacha j.Mooney Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington CampusSutton Bonington

Morphological changes within the porous architecture of laboratory scale zero valent iron （ZVI） permeable reactive barriers （PRBs）, after exposure to different groundwater conditions, have been quantified experimentally for different ZVI/sand ratios （10%, 50% and 100%, W/W） with the aim of inferring porosity changes in field barriers. Column studies were conducted to simulate interaction with different water chemistries, a synthetic groundwater, acidic drainage and deionised （DI） water as control. Morphological changes, in terms of pore size and distribution, were measured using X-ray computed tomography （CT）. CT image analysis revealed significant morphological changes in columns treated with different water chemistries. For example, 100% ZVI （W/W） columns had a higher frequency of small pores （0.6 mm） was observed in ZVI grains reacted with typical groundwater, resulting in a porosity of 27%, compared to 32% when exposed to DI water. In comparison, ZVI grains treated with the acidic drainage had higher porosity （44%） and larger average pore size （2.8 mm）. 10% ZVI PRB barrier material had the highest mean porosity （56%） after exposure to any water chemistry whilst 100% ZVI （W/W） columns always had the lowest （34%） with the 50% ZVI （W/W） in between （40%）. These results agree with previously published PRB field data and simultaneously conducted geochemical monitoring and mass balance calculation, indicating that both the geochemical and hydraulic environment of the PRB play an important role in determining barrier lifespan. This study suggests that X-ray CT image analysis is a powerful tool for studying the detailed inter pores between ZVI grains within PRBs.

关键词： porosity change X-ray computer tomography mass balance permeable reactive barrier zero valent iron acidic drainage typical groundwater pore-clogging

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Effects of experimental season of prescribed fire and nutrient addition on structure and function of previously grazed grassland

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journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第4期11卷 576-584页

作者： elizabeth h.Boughton Patrick j.Bohlen julia h.Maki MacArthur Agro-ecology Research Center 300 Buck Island Ranch RoadLake PlacidFL 33852USA University of Central Florida Biology 4110 Libra DriveOrlandoFL 32816USA School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Florida103 Black HallPO Box 116455GainesvilleFL 32611USA

Aims Understanding the drivers of grassland structure and function fol-lowing livestock removal will inform grassland restoration and management.here,we investigated the effects of fire and nutri-ent addition on structure and function in a subtropical semi-native grassland recently released from grazing in south-central Florida.We examined responses of soil nutrients,plant tissue nutrients,bio-mass of live,standing dead and litter,and plant species composi-tion to experimental annual prescribed fire applied during different seasons(wet season vs.dry season),and nutrient additions(N,P and N+P)over 9 years.Methods Experimental plots were set up in a randomized block split-plot design,with season of prescribed fire as the main treatment and nutrient addition as the subplot treatment.Species cover data were collected annually from 2002 to 2011 and plant tissue and plant biomass data were collected in 2002-2006 and 2011.Soil nutrients were analyzed in 2004,2006 and 2011.Important Findings Soil total phosphorus(P)levels increased substantially with P addition but were not influenced by prescribed fire.Addition of P and N led to increased P and N concentrations in live plant tissues,but prescribed fire reduced N in live tissue.Levels of tissue N were higher in all plots at the beginning of the exper-iment,an effect that was likely due to grazing activity prior to removal of livestock.Plant tissue N steadily declined over time in all plots,with annually burned plots declining faster than unburned plots.Prescribed fire was an important driver of standing dead and litter biomass and was important for main-taining grass biomass and percent cover.Nutrient addition was also important:the addition of both N and P was associated with greater live biomass and woody forbs.Removal of grazing,lack of prescribed fire,and addition of N+P led to a reduction of grass biomass and a large increase in biomass of a woody forb.Annual prescribed fire promoted N loss from the system by reducing standing dead and litter,but maintained desirabl

关键词： grassland nutrient enrichment nutrient limitation prescribed fire productivity

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BME 2.0: Engineering the Future of Medicine

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 217-227页

作者： Michael I.Miller Andrew O.Brightman Frederick h.Epstein Kjane Grande-Allen jordan j.Green Eileen haase Cato T.Laurencin elizabeth Logsdon Feilim Mac Gabhann Brenda Ogle Chun Wang George R.Wodicka Raimond L.Winslow Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Biomedical Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of ConnecticuttStorrsCTUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA

If the 20th century was the age of mapping and controlling the external world,the 21st century is the biomedical age of mapping and controlling the biological internal world.The biomedical age is bringing new technological breakthroughs for sensing and controlling human biomolecules,cells,tissues,and organs,which underpin new frontiers in the biomedical discovery,data,biomanufacturing,and translational sciences.This article reviews what we believe will be the next wave of biomedical engineering(BME)education in support of the biomedical age,what we have termed BME 2.0.BME 2.0 was announced on October 122017 at BMES 49(https://www.***.jhu.edu/news-events/news/miller-opens-2017-bmes-annual-meeting-with-vision-for-new-bme-era/).We present several principles upon which we believe the BME 2.0 curriculum should be constructed,and from these principles,we describe what view as the foundations that form the next generations of curricula in support of the BME enterprise.The core principles of BME 2.0 education are(a)educate students bilingually,from day 1,in the languages of modern molecular biology and the analytical modeling of complex biological systems;(b)prepare every student to be a biomedical data scientist;(c)build a unique BME community for discovery and innovation via a vertically integrated and convergent learning environment spanning the university and hospital systems;(d)champion an educational culture of inclusive excellence;and(e)codify in the curriculum ongoing discoveries at the frontiers of the discipline,thus ensuring BME 2.0 as a launchpad for training the future leaders of the biotechnology marketplaces.We envision that the BME 2.0 education is the path for providing every student with the training to lead in this new era of engineering the future of medicine in the 21st century.

关键词： organs education frontier

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Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Electronic health Record Data to Predict Clinical and Safety Outcomes after Methylprednisolone Exposure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonates

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Congenital heart Disease 2023年第3期18卷 295-313页

作者： henry P.Foote huali Wu Stephen j.Balevic elizabeth j.Thompson Kevin D.hill Eric M.Graham Christoph P.hornik Karan R.Kumar Department of Pediatrics Duke UniversityDurhamUSA Duke Clinical Research Institute DurhamUSA Department of Pediatrics Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonUSA

Background:Infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)frequently receive intraoperative methylprednisolone(MP)to suppress CPB-related inflammation;however,the optimal dosing strategy and efficacy of MP remain unclear.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed all infants under 90 days-old who received intra-operative MP for cardiac surgery with CPB from 2014–2017 at our institution.We combined real-world dosing data from the electronic health record(EhR)and two previously developed population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models to simulate peak concentration(Cmax)and area under the concentration-time curve for 24 h(AUC24)for MP and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10).We evaluated the relationships between post-operative,safety,and other clinical outcomes obtained from the EhR with each predicted exposure using non-parametric tests.Results:A total of 142 infants with median post-natal age 8(interquartile range[IQR]:5,37)days received a total dose of 30(19,49)mg/kg of MP.Twelve(8%)died,37(26%)met the composite post-operative outcome,114(80%)met the composite safety outcome,and 23(16%)had a major complication.Predicted median Cmax and AUC24 IL-6 exposure was significantly higher for infants meeting the composite post-operative outcome and those with major complications.Predicted median Cmax and AUC24 MP exposure was significantly higher for infants requiring insulin.No exposure was associated with death or other safety outcomes.Conclusions:Pro-inflammatory IL-6,but not MP exposure,was associated with post-operative organ dysfunction,suggesting current MP dosing may not adequately suppress IL-6 or increase IL-10 to impact clinical outcomes.Prospective study will be required to define the optimal exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety profiles in these infants.

关键词： Neonates cardiopulmonary bypass methylprednisolone exposure

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WNK1: analysis of protein kinase structure, downstream targets, and potential roles in hypertension

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Cell Research 2005年第1期15卷 6-10页

作者： Byung-hoon LEE Lisa LENERTZ Charles j hEISE Steve STIPPEC elizabeth j GOLDSMITh Melanie h. COBB Dallas University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center USA. Department of Biochemistry Department of Pharmacology 5323 harry hines Blvd

The WNK kinases are a recently discovered family of serine-threonine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis. Intronic deletions in the WNK1 gene result in its overexpression and lead to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a disease with salt-sensitive hypertension and hyperkalemia. This review focuses on the recent evidence elucidating the structure of the kinase domain of WNK1 and functions of these kinases in normal and disease physiology. Their functions have implications for understanding the biochemical mechanism that could lead to the retention or insertion of proteins in the plasma membrane. The WNK kinases may be able to influence ion homeostasis through its effects on synaptotagmin function.

关键词： kinase hypertension synaptotagmin MAP3K MAP4K ERK5 RNAi.

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Increased presence of effector lymphocytes during helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第13期18卷 1459-1469页

作者： Sarah.j.McCaskey elizabeth A Rondini jonathan F Clinthorne Ingeborg M Langohr elizabeth M Gardner jenifer I Fenton Department of Food Science and human Nutrition College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Food Science human Nutrition Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing MI 48824United States

AIM:To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic(SMAD)3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with helicobacter hepaticus(h.hepaticus).METhODS:SMAD3 -/-(n=19)and colitis-resistant SMAD3+/-(n=24)mice(8-10 wk of age)were in-fected with h.hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations[T lymphocytes,natural killer(NK)cells,T regulatory cells]were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes(MsLNs)at 0 d,3 d,7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry.Genotypedependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B+ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:As previously observed,SMAD3 -/-,but not SMAD3+/-mice,developed colitis,peaking at 4 wk post-infection.No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point.however,CD4+and CD8+/ CD62Llo cells,an effector T lymphocyte population,as well as NK cells(NKp46/DX5+)were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3-/-mice at 7 d and 28 d post-infection.In the colon,a higher number of CD3+cells were present in SMAD3-/-compared to SMAD3+/-mice at baseline,which did not significantly change during infection.however,the number of granzyme B+cells,a marker of cytolytic lymphocytes,significantly increased in SMAD3-/-mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3+/-mice and to baseline values.This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals.CONCLUSION:Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to h.hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphocytes.

关键词： T淋巴细胞结肠炎螺杆菌 SMAD3 肝感染过程诱导 SMAD蛋白

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Double-blind randomized controlled study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of eszopiclone vs placebo for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and insomnia

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World journal of Psychiatry 2020年第3期10卷 21-28页

作者： Sheila M Dowd Alyson K Zalta helen j Burgess elizabeth C Adkins Zerbrina Valdespino-hayden Mark h Pollack Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60601United States Department of Psychological Science University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697United States Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies|Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Psychology Montclair State UniversityMontclairNJ 07043United States

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Given the relationship between sleep disturbance and PTSD,there has been a relative paucity of studies examining the potential therapeutic impact of using pharmacotherapy to target sleep disturbance in patients with PTSD.Eszopiclone(ESZ)is a non-benzodiazepine y-aminobutyric acid-A receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of sleep and may affect sleep in patients with PTSD.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of ESZ vs placebo(PBO)for patients with PTSD and insomnia.METhODS The study was a 12-wk,double blind,randomized controlled trial with 3 mg of ESZ(n=13)or PBO(n=12).RESULTS Patients in both arms experienced significant improvement in PTSD symptoms as assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV(CAPS):ESZ(t11=-3.12,P=0.005)and PBO(t11=-3.5,P=0.002)and by self-report with the Short PTSD Rating Interview(ESZ t11=-3.38,P=0.003 and PBO t11=-4.48,P=0.0005).There were no significant differences between treatments on the CAPS(t22=-0.13,P=0.70)or the Short PTSD Rating Interview(t22=-0.58,P=0.56).Similarly,both treated groups improved on sleep measures as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with PTSD Addendum(PSQI)and on total sleep time(TST)and sleep latency assessed by actigraphy with no significant differences between groups(PSQI t22=-0.24,P=0.81;total sleep time t10=0.13,P=0.90 and sleep latency t10=0.68,P=0.50).There was a significant correlation between improvement in sleep and overall improvement in PTSD as measured by change scores on the PSQI and CAPS,r(8)=0.79,P=0.01 for ESZ treated subjects,but not for those treated with PBO r(9)=0.16,P=0.69.Adverse events of ESZ were consistent with the known profile of the medication including dysgeusia(30%,mild),sedation(20%,mild)and headache(20%,moderate to severe).CONCLUSION Results do not support the hypothesis of a specific positive effect of ESZ compared to PBO for measures of PTSD and associated sleep disturbance.

关键词： Trauma Sleep disturbance hypnotic Post-traumatic stress disorder

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The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 173-182页

作者： Clara h.j.ong Edward j.Machek Morteza Shakeri Stephen E.Duirk Thomas A.Ternes Susan D.Richardson elizabeth D.Wagner Michael j.Plewa Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Department of Civil Engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA Department of Water Chemistry Federal Institute of Hydrology Koblenz Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media（ICM） in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products（DBPs）. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ICM in source waters and the type of disinfectant on the overall toxicity of DBP mixtures and to determine which ICM and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. Source waters collected from Akron,Oh were treated with five different ICMs, including iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol,diatrizoate and iomeprol, with or without chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The reaction product mixtures were concentrated with XAD resins and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the reaction mixture concentrates was measured. Water containing iopamidol generated an enhanced level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after disinfection. While chlorine disinfection with iopamidol resulted in the highest cytotoxicity overall, the relative iopamidol-mediated increase in toxicity was greater when chloramine was used as the disinfectant compared with chlorine. Four other ICMs（iopromide, iohexol, diatrizoate, and iomeprol） expressed some cytotoxicity over the control without any disinfection, and induced higher cytotoxicity when chlorinated. Only iohexol enhanced genotoxicity compared to the chlorinated source water.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Iodo-DBPs Iodinated X-ray contrast media

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