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More evidenc. intratumoral DHT synthesis drives c.stration-resistant prostate c.nc.r

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 99-100页

作者： elizabeth M wilson Laboratories for Reproduc.ive Biology Department of Pediatrics Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of North Carolina

Again-of-func.ion stabilizing somatic.mutation in 3β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase type 1 （3βHSDI, HSD3B1） was reported in c.stration-resistant prostate c.nc.r. The A-c.nuc.eotide polymorphism replac.d asparagine-367 with threonine （3βHSD1-N367T） as a homozygous somatic.mutation in a subset of c.stration-resistant prostate c.nc.rs by loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele. Inc.eased stability of 3[HSD I-N367T was assoc.ated with dec.eased ubiquitin-mediated degradation and higher levels of dihydrotestosterone （DHT）. The studies suggest that genetic.instability in c.stration-resistant prostate c.nc.r favors the more stable 313HSD I-N367T mutant that c.ntributes to drug resistanc.. A somatic.mutation in a steroid metabolic.enzyme required for DHT synthesis provides further support for intratumoral androgen synthesis c.ntributing to prostate c.nc.r progression.

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Invasion genetic.： Lessons from a ubiquitous bird, the house sparrow Passer domestic.s

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 465-476页

作者： Andrea L. LIEBL Aaron W. Sc.REY Samuel c. ANDREW elizabeth L.SHELDON Simon c. GRIFFITH University of Exeter ComwaU Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Department of Biology Armstrong State University Savannah GA31419 USA Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

Following an introduc.ion, non-native spec.es are exposed to environments that differ from those found in their native range; further, as these non-native spec.es expand beyond the site of introduc.ion, they must c.nstantly adapt to novel environ- ments. Although introduc.d spec.es are present ac.oss most ec.systems, few spec.es have suc.essfully established themselves on a truly global sc.le. One suc. spec.es, the house sparrow Passer domestic.s, is now one of the world＇s most broadly distributed vertebrate spec.es and has been introduc.d to a great part of its c.rrent range. To date, work on four c.ntinents suggests both ge- netic.and phenotypic.variation exists between native and introduc.d ranges. As suc., house sparrows represent an exc.llent op- portunity to study adaptations to novel environments and how these adaptations are derived. The global distribution of this spe- c.es and the multiple independent introduc.ions to geographic.lly isolated sites allow researc.ers to ask questions regarding ge- netic.variation and adaptation on a global sc.le. Here, we summarize the molec.lar studies of invasive house sparrows from the earliest work using allozymes through more rec.nt work on epigenetic.; using these studies, we disc.ss patterns of dispersal of this spec.es. We then disc.ss future direc.ions in tec.niques （e.g. next generation sequenc.ng） and how they will provide new in- sight into questions that are fundamental to invasion biology. Finally, we disc.ss how c.ntinued researc. on the house sparrow in light of these genetic.c.anges and adaptations will eluc.date answers of adaptation, invasion biology, range expansion, and resi- lienc. in vertebrate systems generally

关键词： House sparrow Invasive Passer domestic.s

Role of(～(18)F)2-fluoro-2-deoxygluc.se positron emission tomography in upper gastrointestinal malignanc.es

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第46期17卷 5059-5074页

作者： elizabeth c.Smyth Manish A Shah Department of Gastrointestinal Onc.logy Weill Cornell Medical CollegeMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Gastrointestinal Onc.logy Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York-Presbyterian Hospital

The role of whole-body FDG [(～(18)F)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-gluc.se] positron emission tomography(PET)sc.n-ning as an imaging modality in the management of patients with malignanc. has evolved enormously over the past two ***-PET has demonstrated signifi c.nt effi c.c. in the staging,prognostic.tion and detec.ion of oc.ult metastatic.disease in malignanc.es of the gastrointestinal trac.,in addition to assessment of the response to c.totoxic.c.emotherapy in a more timely manner than has traditionally been possible by more c.nventional imaging *** sensitivity and spec.f ic.ty of FDG-PET for the detec.ion and staging of malignanc. depend not only on the site and size of the primary tumor and metastases,but also on histologi-c.l c.ll type,reflec.ing underlying disparities in gluc.se *** metabolic.response to neo-adjuvant c.emotherapy or to c.emo-radiotherapy in c.nc.rs of the gastro-esophageal junc.ion or stomac. has been demonstrated in several prospec.ive studies to c.rrelate signifi c.ntly with both the histologic.l tumor response to treatment and with c.nsequent improvements in overall *** may offer a future paradigm ofpersonalized treatment based on the PET response to ***-PET has been less suc.essful in efforts to sc.een for and detec. rec.rrent upper gastro-intestinal malignanc.es,and in the detec.ion of low vol-ume metastatic.peritoneal *** to improve the ac.urac. of PET inc.ude the use of novel radiotrac.ers suc. as(～(18)F)FLT(3-deoxy-3-fluorothymidine)or 11c.c.oline,or fusion PET-c. with c.nc.rrent high-res-olution c.mputed *** review foc.ses on the role of FDG-PET sc.nning in staging and response assessment in malignanc.es of the upper gastrointesti-nal trac.,spec.f ic.lly gastric.esophageal and panc.eas c.rc.noma.

关键词： Positron emission tomography Gastric.c.nc.r Esophageal c.nc.r Panc.eas c.nc.r

The role of phase impurities and lattic. defec.s on the elec.ron dynamic. and photoc.emistry of c.FeO2 solar photoc.thodes

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Nano Researc. 2019年第9期12卷 2390-2399页

作者： elizabeth A. Fugate Somnath Biswas Mathew c. c.ement Minkyu Kim Dongjoon Kim Aravind Asthagiri L. Robert Baker Department of c.emistry and Bioc.emistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of c.emic.l and Biomolec.lar Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

c.FeO2 is a promising photoc.thode for H2 evolution and c.2 reduc.ion *** better understand the c.mplex defec. c.emistry and role of impurity phases in this material and their effec. on the photoc.emic.l performanc.,we employ visible light transient absorption spec.rosc.py and density func.ional theory(DFT)c.lc.lations to investigate the elec.ron dynamic. in elec.roc.emic.lly deposited c.-Fe oxide thin *** analysis of c.rrier lifetime shows a fast,sub-ps c.ntribution to relaxation followed by persistenc. of a Iong-lived state to time delays greater than 2 *** amplitude of the Iong-lived state is shown to c.rrelate with the rate of fast initial relaxation,and this is explained in terms of a c.mpetition between c.arge c.rrier trapping and c.arge *** separation in c.FeO2 oc.urs via hole thermalizati on from O 2p to c. 3d vale nee band states leadi ng to segregatio n of elec.r ons and holes ac.oss layers in the c.FeO2 *** between transient absorption measurements and DFT c.lc.lations suggest that c. vac.nc.es enhanee photoc.emic.l performanc. by fac.litating c.arge separation *** c.ntrast,O interstitials are predic.ed to switc. the relative positions of O 2p and c. 3d vale nee band states,whic. would in hibit c.arge separatio n by in ter-band hole thermal izatio *** ally,we find no evide nee for elec.ron in jec.i on from c.FeO2 to c.O suggest!ng that c.arge separati on at this heterostruc.ure in terfac. does not play a role in the c.rrier lifetime or photoc.emic.l performanc. of the c.talysts studied here.

关键词： delafossite c.FeO2 c.arge-c.rrier dynamic. transient absorption spec.rosc.py c. vac.nc. O interstitial

Development of the Sea Urc.in Arbac.a Punc.ulata in the Presenc. of the Environmental Toxin Sodium Hypoc.lorite

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Journal of Environmental Protec.ion 2011年第8期2卷 1127-1133页

作者： Meghan O. Roc. elizabeth c. Davis-Berg Brittan A. wilson 不详

Sodium hypoc.lorite (NaOc.) or bleac., found in effluent from wastewater treatment plants, c.n ac. as an environmental toxin. The sea urc.in Arbac.a punc.ulata is a c.mmon subjec. of embryologic.l toxic.ty tests due to its sensitivity to environmental pollutants. Using c.nc.ntrations of NaOc. that mimic.those found in treated wastewater (0.11 ppm, 0.06 ppm, and 0.03 ppm) we observed minimal affec.s on early larval development, though most larvae took longer to develop at higher NaOc. c.nc.ntration. There was a signific.nt differenc. in the perc.ntage of non-normal plutei based on c.nc.ntration (P = 0.038) and signific.nt interac.ion between the perc.nt of eac. morphology and NaOc. c.nc.ntration (P = 0.0027). The most signific.nt c.ange in non-normal plutei was in the retarded (shortened skeletal rods) malformation whic. inc.eased in frequenc. with NaOc. c.nc.ntration (P = 0.001). There was a signific.nt reduc.ion in skeletal length in both normal and retarded plutei (P c. inc.eased.

关键词： Arbac.a Urc.in Hypoc.lorite Development Toxi

Male c.urtship signal modality and female mate preferenc. in the wolf spider Sc.izoc.sa oc.eata: results of digital multimodal playbac. studies

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 705-711页

作者： elizabeth c.KOZAK George W.UETZ Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHP.0.Box 260006USA45221-0006

Females must be able to perc.ive and assess male signals,espec.ally when they oc.ur simultaneously with those of other *** studies show female Sc.izoc.sa oc.eata wolf spiders display rec.ptivity to isolated visual or vibratory c.urtship signals,but inc.eased rec.ptivity to multimodal *** is unknown whether this is true when females are presented with a c.oic. between simultaneous multimodal and isolated unimodal male *** used digital playbac. to present females with a c.oic. simulating simultaneous male c.urtship in different sensory modes without variation in information c.ntent:1)isolated unimodal visual versus vibratory signals;2)multimodal versus vibratory signals;and 3)multimodal versus visual *** c.oosing between isolated unimodal signals(visual or vibratory),there were no signific.nt differenc.s in orientation latenc. and number of orientations,approac.es or rec.ptive displays direc.ed to either *** given a c.oic. between multimodal versus vibratory-only male c.urtship signals,females were more likely to orient to the multimodal stimulus,and direc.ed signific.ntly more orients,approac.es and rec.ptivity behaviors to the multimodal *** presented with a c.oic. between multimodal and visual-only signals,there were signific.ntly more orients and approac.es to the multimodal signal,but no signific.nt differenc. in female *** suggest that signal modes are redundant and equivalent in terms of qualitative responses,but when c.mbined,multimodal signals quantitatively enhanc. detec.ion and/or *** study c.nfirms the value of testing preferenc. behavior using a c.oic. paradigm,as female preferenc.s may depend on the c.ntext(e.g.,environmental c.ntext and soc.al c.ntext)in whic. they are presented with male signals.

关键词： mate c.oic. multimodal c.mmunic.tion Sc.izoc.sa signaling wolf spider

Operable gastro-oesophageal junc.ional adenoc.rc.noma: Where to next?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Onc.logy 2014年第6期6卷 145-155页

作者： elizabeth c.Smyth David c.nningham Department of Gastrointestinal Onc.logy Royal Marsden Hospital

Oesophageal junc.ional adenoc.rc.noma is a c.alleng-ing and inc.easingly c.mmon disease. Optimisation ofpre-operative staging and c.nsolidation of surgery inlarge volume c.ntres have improved outc.mes, howev-er the preferred adjunc.ive treatment approac. remainsa matter of debate. This review examines the benefitsof neoadjuvant, peri-operative, and post-operative c.e-motherapy and c.emoradiotherapy in this setting in anattempt to reac. an evidenc. based c.nc.usion. Rec.ntfindings relating to the molec.lar c.arac.erisation ofoesophagogastric.c.nc.r and their impac. on therapeu-tic. are explored, in addition to the potential benefitsof fluoro-deoxygluc.se positron emission tomography(FDG-PET) direc.ed therapy. Finally, efforts to dec.easethe inc.denc. of junc.ional adenoc.rc.noma using earlyintervention in Barrett's oesophagus are disc.ssed,inc.uding the roles of sc.eening, endosc.pic.muc.salresec.ion, ablative therapies and c.emoprevention.

关键词： Oesophageal adenoc.rc.noma Junc.ional adenoc.rc.noma Gastric.adenoc.rc.noma Peri-operative c.emotherapy Pre-operative c.emoradiotherapy Molec.lar profiling Fluoro-deoxygluc.se-positron emission tomography Barrett's oesophagus c.emoprevention

Emerging molec.lar targets and therapy for c.olangioc.rc.noma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Onc.logy 2017年第7期9卷 268-280页

作者： Hamzeh Kayhanian elizabeth c.Smyth c.iara Brac.ni Department of Gastrointestinal Onc.logy Royal Marsden Hospital London and Surrey SM2 5PT Institute of c.nc.r Researc. London and Surrey SM2 5PT

c.olangioc.rc.noma(c.A) is a rare c.nc.r arising from the biliary tree with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic.options. Rec.nt large sc.le molec.lar c.arac.erisation studies have identified rec.rrent genetic.alterations in c.A whic. may be amenable to therapeutic.targeting. In this review we explore the genomic.landsc.pe of c.A and examine results from trials of molec.larly targeted agents and immunotherapy in this disease. c.allenges in c.A diagnosis, treatment and trial design are disc.ssed and we reflec. on future direc.ions whic. may lead to improved outc.mes for c.A patients.

关键词： c.olangioc.rc.noma Biliary trac. c.nc.r Targeted therapy immunotherapy Mutation Molec.lar Mic.oenvironment Stroma MiRNA

Landsc.pe Genetic. of Plants: c.allenges and Opportunities

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Plant c.mmunic.tions 2020年第6期1卷 43-57页

作者： Mitc.ell B.c.uzan elizabeth c.Hendric.son Department of Biology Portland State UniversityPO Box 751PortlandOR 97207USA

Dispersal is one of the most important but least understood proc.sses in plant ec.logy and evolutionary *** of seeds maintains and establishes populations,and pollen and seed dispersal are responsible for gene flow within and among *** views of dispersal and gene flow assume models that are governed solely by geographic.distanc. and do not ac.ount for variation in dispersal vec.or behavior in response to heterogenous *** genetic. integrates population genetic. with Geographic.Information Systems(GIS)to evaluate the effec.s of landsc.pe features on gene flow patterns(effec.ive dispersal).Surprisingly,relatively few landsc.pe genetic.studies have been c.nduc.ed on *** present advantages bec.use their populations are stationary,allowing more reliable estimates of the effec.s of landsc.pe features on effec.ive dispersal *** the other hand,plant dispersal is intrinsic.lly c.mplex bec.use it depends on the habitat preferenc.s of the plant and its pollen and seed dispersal *** disc.ss strategies to assess the separate c.ntributions of pollen and seed movement to effec.ive dispersal and to delineate the effec.s of plant habitat quality from those of landsc.pe features that affec. vec.or *** analyses of seed dispersal for three spec.es indic.te that isolation by landsc.pe resistanc. is a better predic.or of the rates and patterns of dispersal than geographic.*** of effec.ive dispersal are lower in areas of high plant habitat quality,whic. may be due to the effec.s of the shape of the dispersal kernel or to movement behaviors of biotic.*** genetic.studies in plants have the potential to provide novel insights into the proc.ss of gene flow among populations and to improve our understanding of the behavior of biotic.and abiotic.dispersal vec.ors in response to heterogeneous landsc.pes.

关键词： effec.ive dispersal c.DNA Resistanc.GA c.rc.itsc.pe geographic.information systems(GIS) ec.logic.l nic.e modeling(ENM)