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Abundance and Diversity of the Phototrophic Microbial Mat Communities of Sulphur Mountain Banff Springs and Their Significance to the Endangered Snail, <i>Physella johnsoni</i>

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第8期4卷 488-516页

作者： Michael Bilyj Dwayne Lepitzki elizabeth hughes Jolantha Swiderski Erko Stackebrandt Charlie Pacas Vladimir V. Yurkov Banff National Park Office Banff Canada Department of Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada DSMZ—Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH Braunschweig Germany

Seasonal population fluctuations and diversity of anoxygenic phototrophs and cyanobacteria at the Sulphur Mountain thermal springs, Banff, Canada were investigated and compared to drastic population changes of the endangered snail Physella johnsoni. The microbial community revealed new species of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria with novel spectral and morphological characteristics. Major mat-forming organisms included densely growing Thiothrix-like species, oxygenic phototrophs of the genera Spirulina, Oscillatoria, and Phormidium and purple nonsulfur bacteria Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodomicrobium. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs comprised a significant portion, upwards of 9.6 × 104 CFU/cm2 of mat or 18.9% of total aerobic heterotrophic isolates, while PNSB and purple sulfur bacteria were quantified at maximum abundance of 3.2 × 105 and 2.0 × 106 CFU/cm2 of mat, respectively. Photosynthetic activity revealed incredibly productive carbon fixation rates, averaging 40.5 mg C/cm2/day at one studied spring system. A temporal mismatch was observed for mat area and available organics to the fluctuation of P. johnsoni population in a tracking inertia manner. Mat chlorophyll a content appeared directly proportional to snail numbers making it an appropriate indicator of population. This survey of the Sulphur springs microbial communities suggests that phototrophic species are among the main determinants to the proliferation of P. johnsoni.

关键词： Physella johnsoni Cyanobacterial Mats Thermal Springs Banff Canada Phototrophic Bacteria

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CD36 expression and lipid metabolism following an oral glucose challenge in South Asians

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第7期6卷 983-989页

作者： Jeetesh V Patel Amitava Banerjee Silvia Montoro-Garcia Eduard Shantsila Mushfique Alam Paul Flinders Kathleen AL Houlton elizabeth a hughes Gregory YH Lip Paramjit S Gill University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust Sandwell Medical Research Unit Sandwell General Hospital Primary Care Clinical Sciences University of Birmingham Medical School University of Nottingham

AIM:To investigate lipid metabolism and the relationship with monocyte expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in South ***:An observational study of South Asians whom as an ethnic group have-a higher risk of developing *** susceptibility to diabetes is coupled with an earlier and more rapid progression of micro-,and macro-vascular *** healthy South Asian participants [mean age 34.6(8.9) years,76.2% male,mean body-mass index 25.0(5.2) kg/m2] were recruited from an urban residential area of central Birmingham(United Kingdom).The main outcomes measured were post prandial(30 min) and post absorptive(120 min) changes from fasting(0 min) in circulating lipoproteins,lipds and hormones,andmonocyte expression of CD36 post injection of a 75 g oral glucose *** inducements of variations of monocyte CD36 expression were ***:Our results showed evident changes in monocyte CD36 expression following the glucose challenge(P < 0.001).Non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) levels decreased progressively during the challenge(P < 0.001),in contrast to increased cholesterol(but not triglyceride) concentrations within very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) and low density lipoprotein subfractions(P < 0.01).Levels of,glucose,serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol remained largely *** of monocyte CD36 were negatively(r =-0.47,P = 0.04) associated to fat from the diet and positively to carbohydrate from the diet(r = 0.65,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:These data suggest that the initiation of VLDL genesis follows the consumption of glucose within this population,inferring that the sequestration of NEFA from these particles happens due to the increased availability of CD36 *** these are preliminary results,it would appear that lifestyle exposures have a role in moderating the expression of CD36.

关键词： CD36 Lipoprotein Glucose South Asians Diabetes Micro-vascular Macro-vascular

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初生期异氟烷暴露对小鼠脑细胞发育、成年期行为、学习和记忆的影响

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麻醉与镇痛 2011年第2期7卷 55-69,77页

作者： Andreas W. Loepke, MD, PhD, FAAP George K. Istaphanous, MD John J. McAuliffe, Ⅲ, MD, MBA, FAAP Lili Miles, MD elizabeth A. hughes, BS lohn C. McCann, BS Kathrvn E. Harlow, BS C. Dean Kurth, MD, FAAP Michael T. Williams, PhD Charles V. Vorhees, PhD Steve C. Danzer, PhD 黎平(译) 闵苏(校) Departments of Anesthesia University of Cincinnati College of Medidne Cindnnati Ohio Pathology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medidne Cindnnati Ohio Department of Anesthesia Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cindnnati Ohio Department of Pediatrics Division of Neurology Cindnnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cindnnati College of Medidne Cindnnati Ohio 不详

背景异氟烷等吸入麻醉药广泛地应用于婴幼儿。异氟烷、咪达唑仑以及氧化亚氮暴露后，新生小鼠神经变性和神经认知功能损害的一些研究，已经引起越来越多人对儿科麻醉安全问题的关注。新生小鼠异氟烷暴露较长时间会触发可致神经认知功能... 详细信息

背景异氟烷等吸入麻醉药广泛地应用于婴幼儿。异氟烷、咪达唑仑以及氧化亚氮暴露后，新生小鼠神经变性和神经认知功能损害的一些研究，已经引起越来越多人对儿科麻醉安全问题的关注。新生小鼠异氟烷暴露较长时间会触发可致神经认知功能损害的低血糖症。本研究即检测初生期异氟烷暴露和血糖对小鼠的脑细胞存活力、自主活动能力以及空间学习记忆能力的影响。方法出生7天的小鼠随机分配到1．5％异氟烷暴露6小时麻醉组、麻醉并注射葡萄糖组、麻醉并注射生理盐水组和空气暴露不麻醉组。检测动脉血气和血糖。暴露处理后2小时及18小时、11周，脑片染色检测Fluoro-JadeB、caspase3以及NeuN，评价脑细胞存活力。吸入麻醉剂暴露9周后，评价自主活动能力，Morris水迷宫法隐藏平台试验和颠倒平台试验评价空间学习记忆能力。结果与不麻醉组相比，其余组动物几个脑区的细胞凋亡在异氟烷暴露后早期增加。在两个受初生期变性影响显著的脑区，尽管发现新生小鼠暴露后细胞消失，但神经元密度在成年后没有明显差异。各组小鼠成年期的自主活动能力、空间学习记忆能力相似，与初生期异氟烷暴露无关。初生期异氟烷暴露导致18％的死亡率、短暂的PaCO2及乳酸升高、碱缺失以及血糖水平降低。但低血糖似乎不会引起神经退行性变，因为补充葡萄糖未能阻止神经元丢失。结论小鼠较长时间的初生期异氟烷暴露引起早期神经细胞变性增加，但成年期神经元密度并无显著减少，自主活动能力和空间学习记忆能力无明显损害。

关键词：空间学习记忆能力异氟烷细胞发育成年期初生鼠脑 Morris水迷宫法认知功能损害

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Plasticity as panacea？ Nerves, hormones, and the currencies of trade-offs

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 251-264页

作者： elizabeth BASTIAANS elizabeth SWANGER Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota MN 55108 USA

Phenotypic plasticity is nearly universal among organisms, and evidence indicates that plasticity can exhibit additive genetic variation and respond to selection. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how plasticity may be constrained and how its mechanistic structure may affect its evolution. Many life history trade-offs may be conceptualized as plastic traits, with individuals varying in their position along trade-off axes due to genetic differences, developmental plasticity, or short-term plasticity occurring throughout an individual’s lifetime. Behavioral plasticity is key to understanding when organisms are likely to encounter trade-offs, whether those trade-offs can be mitigated, and how the trade-offs affect the ecology and evolution of populations. In this review, we discuss hormonal and neural mechanisms that may influence how plastic behavioral traits are expressed and evolve. We also outline a classification of life history trade-offs and their mechanistic bases and discuss the currencies most likely to mediate each category of trade-off and how they are tied to the mechanisms by which animals express their behaviors.

关键词：表型可塑性神经机制权衡激素货币行为特征发育可塑性选择反应

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Feasibility of pancreatectomy following high-dose proton therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第4期9卷 103-108页

作者： Kathryn E Hitchcock R Charles Nichols Christopher G Morris Debashish Bose Steven J hughes John A Stauffer Scott A Celinski elizabeth A Johnson Robert A Zaiden Nancy P Mendenhall Michael S Rutenberg Department of Radiation Oncology University of Florida Department of Surgical Oncology UF Health Cancer Center-Orlando Health Department of Surgery University of Florida Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Department of Surgery Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas Department of Hematology/Oncology Mayo Clinic Department of Hematology/Oncology Baptist Health

AIM To review surgical outcomes for patients undergoing pancreatectomy after proton therapy with concomitant capecitabine for initially unresectable pancreatic *** From April 2010 to September 2013,15 patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated withproton therapy with concomitant capecitabine at 1000 mg orally twice daily. All patients received 59.40 Gy(RBE) to the gross disease and 1 patient received 50.40 Gy(RBE) to high-risk nodal targets. There were no treatment interruptions and no chemotherapy dose reductions. Six patients achieved a radiographic response sufficient to justify surgical exploration,of whom 1 was identified as having intraperitoneal dissemination at the time of surgery and the planned pancreatectomy was aborted. Five patients underwent resection. Procedures included:Laparoscopic standard pancreaticoduodenectomy(n = 3),open pyloris-sparing pancreaticoduodenectomy(n = 1),and open distal pancreatectomy with irreversible electroporation(IRE) of a pancreatic head mass(n = 1). RESULTS The median patient age was 60 years(range,51-67). The median duration of surgery was 419 min(range,290-484),with a median estimated blood loss of 850 cm^3(range,300-2000),median ICU stay of 1 d(range,0-2),and median hospital stay of 10 d(range,5-14). Three patients were re-admitted to a hospital within 30 d after discharge for wound infection(n = 1),delayed gastric emptying(n = 1),and ischemic gastritis(n = 1). Two patients underwent R0 resections and demonstrated minimal residual disease in the final pathology specimen. One patient,after negative pancreatic head biopsies,underwent IRE followed by distal pancreatectomy with no tumor seen in the specimen. Two patients underwent R2 resections. Only 1 patient demonstrated ultimate local progression at the primary site. Median survival for the 5 resected patients was 24 mo(range,10-30).CONCLUSION Pancreatic resection for patients with initially unresectable cancers is feasible after

关键词：胰腺的癌症 Pancreatectomy 胰质子治疗放射疗法

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心脏特异性β2-肾上腺素能受体的过度表达导致心脏病变和心力衰竭

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中国病理生理杂志 2000年第10期16卷 117-118页

作者：高晓明,elizabeth A Woodcock,Garry L Jennings,Anthony M Dart,杜晓军 Baker医学研究所!墨尔本澳大利亚 Baker医学研究所!墨尔本澳大利亚 Baker医学研究所!墨尔本澳大利亚 Baker医学研究所!墨尔本澳大利亚 Baker医学研究所!墨尔本澳大利亚

目的:β2-肾上腺素能系统在心力衰竭方面的作用始终存有争议,一种观点认为慢性激活的β-肾上腺素能系统有害于心脏,而另一观点则指出减弱β-肾上腺素能活性会减少其对心肌收缩性的支持,从而导致衰竭的进一步加剧.本研究旨在探明高水平的... 详细信息

目的:β2-肾上腺素能系统在心力衰竭方面的作用始终存有争议,一种观点认为慢性激活的β-肾上腺素能系统有害于心脏,而另一观点则指出减弱β-肾上腺素能活性会减少其对心肌收缩性的支持,从而导致衰竭的进一步加剧.本研究旨在探明高水平的β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)的过度表达对小鼠心脏表现型的长期影响.方法:1.对300倍β2-AR过度表达的转基因(TG)小鼠(美国Howard hughes医学研究所提供,n＝26)及对照小鼠(n=26)在4～15月龄期间进行连续的超声心动图观察(12 MHz探头).2.监测生存率及心脏组织学检测.结果:TG小鼠的心率在整个研究阶段均明显高于对照组.

关键词：心力衰竭过度表达小鼠小家鼠肾上腺素能受体心脏

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A WW Domain-Containing Protein Forms Immune Nuclear Bodies against Begomoviruses

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Molecular Plant 2018年第12期11卷 1449-1465页

作者： lara P. Calil lana P.S. Quadros Thais C. Araujo Christiane E.M. Duarte Bianca C. Gouveia-Mageste Jose Cleydson F. Silva Otavio J.B. Brustolini Ruan M. Teixeira Caue N. Oliveira Rafael W.M.M. Milagres Gilberto S. Martins Joanne Chory Pedro A.B. Reis Joao Paulo B. Machado elizabeth P.B. Fontes Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidade Federal de Vigosa Vigosa Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil Nati onal In stitute of Science and Tech no logy in Plant-Pest Interactions Bioagro Universidade Federal de Vicosa Vinosa Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil Departament of Genetics Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Howard hughes Medical Institute and Plant Biology Laboratory The Salk Institute of Biological Studies La Jolla CA 92037 USA Agronomy Institute Universidade Federal de Vigosa Campus Florestal Florestal Minas Gerais 35690-000 Brazil These authors contributed equally to this article

The bipartite begomoviruses (Geminiviridae family), which are DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of infected cells, encode the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) to facilitate the translocation of viral DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores. This intracellular trafficking of NSP-DNA complexes is accessorized by the NSP-interacting guanosine triphosphatase (NIG) at the cytosolic side. Here, we report the nuclear redistribution of NIG by AtWWPI, a WW domain-containing protein that forms immune nuclear bodies (NBs) against begomoviruses. We demonstrated that AtWWPI relocates NIG from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it is confined to AtWWP1-NBs, suggesting that the NIG-AtWWP1 interaction may interfere with the NIG pro-viral function associated with its cytosolic localization. Consistent with this assumpti on joss AtWWPI functi on cuased plants more susceptible to begomovirus infection, whereas overexpression of AWWP1 enhaneed plant resistance to begomovirus. Furthermore, we found that a mutant versi on of AtWWPI defective for NB formatio n was noIonger capable of interacti ng with and relocating NIG to the nucleus and lost its immune function against begomovirus. The antiviral function of AtWWP1-NBs, however, could be antagonized by viral infection that induced either the disruption or a decrease in the number of AtWWP1-NBs. Collectively, these results led us to propose that AtWWPI organizes nuclear structures into nuclear foci, which provide intrinsic immunity against begomovirus infection.

关键词： nuclear bodies antiviral immunity begomovirus NIG AtWWP1

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