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Concordance between bio-impedance analysis and clinical score in fluid-status assessment of maintenance haemodialysis patients: A single centre experience

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World Journal of nephrology 2022年第4期11卷 127-138页

作者： Kamiti Muchiri Joshua K Kayima elijah n ogola Seth McLigeyo Sally W ndung’u Samuel K Kabinga Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics University of NairobiNairobi+254Kenya Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics University of NairobiNairobi+254Kenya Department of Public Health University of NairobiNairobi+254Kenya East African Kidney Institute University of NairobiNairobi+254Kenya

BACKGROUnD The burden of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is rising rapidly *** overload(FO),an independent predictor of mortality in CKD,should be accurately assessed to guide estimation of the volume of fluid to be removed during haemodialysis(HD).Clinical score(CS)and bio-impedance analysis(BIA)have been utilized in assessment of FO and BIA has demonstrated reproducibility and accuracy in determination of fluid status in patients on *** is need to determine the performance of locally-developed CSs in fluid status assessment when evaluated against *** To assess the hydration status of patients on maintenance HD using BIA and a CS,as well as to evaluate the performance of that CS against BIA in fluid status *** This was a single-centre,hospital-based cross-sectional study which recruited adult patients with CKD who were on maintenance HD at Kenyatta national *** patients were aged 18 years and above and had been on maintenance HD for at least 3 *** with pacemakers,metallic implants,or bilateral limbs amputations were *** on the patients’clinical history,physical examination,and chest radiograph findings were *** was performed on each of the study participants using the Quantum®II bio-impedance analyser manufactured by RJL Systems together with the BC 4®*** evaluating the performance of the CS,BIA was considered as the gold standard test.A 2-by-2 table of the participants’fluid status at each of the CS values obtained compared to their paired BIA results was constructed(either++,+-,--or-+for FO using the CS and BIA,respectively).The results from this 2-by-2 table were used to compute the sensitivity and specificity of the CS at the various reference points and subsequently plot a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve that was used to determine the best cut-off *** above and below the best CS cut-off point as determined by the ROC were classified as being positive and negative for FO

关键词： Bio-impedance analysis Clinical score Chronic kidney disease Maintenance haemodialysis Fluid overload Concordance

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Cage type and mineral nutrition had independent impact on skeletal development in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets from hatch to 16 weeks of age

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Animal nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 631-640页

作者： Tanka Khanal Gregoy Y.Bedecarrats elijah G.Kiarie Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphN1G2W1Canada

The effects of rearing cage type and dietary Ca,available P and vitamin D_(3)(VitD_(3))on body and skeletal development were studied.A total of 3,420 Lohmann LSL-Lite day-old chicks were reared in conventional(COn)or furnished cages(FUR)to 16 wk of ***,40 and 150 chicks/cage were placed in COn and FUR and transitioned to 20 and 75 chicks/cage at 8 wk of age,*** diets:Diet 1,Diet 1.5 and Diet 2 were formulated to meet nutrient specifications with Diet 1.5 and Diet 2 containing 1.5 and 2 times more Ca,P and VitD_(3)than Diet 1,*** were allocated within cage type to give 6 replicates and fed in 3 feeding programs:starter,grower and *** 4,12 and 16 wk of age,BW was recorded,and femur,tibia and blood samples for bone quality and related *** were no interactions(P>0.05)of cage type,diet and pullet age on BW,plasma Ca and inorganic P,femur and tibia morphometry,mineral density(MD),breaking strength(BS)and ash concentration(AC).Concentration of Ca,P and VitD_(3)linearly decreased BW(Pnd tibia weight(P=0.013).A quadratic increase on femur MD(P=0.03)and BS(P=0.026)was observed with dietary concentration of Ca,P and VitD_(3).Femur(P=0.031)was longer for COn than FUR pullets,however,femur for FUR pullets had higher(P=0.003)*** had no effect(P≥0.415)femoral MD and *** reared in FUR cages exhibited higher tibial MD(P=0.015),BS(P=0.071),AC(Pnd whole-body mineral content(Pn conclusion,cage type and diets showed independent effect on femur and tibia quality with FUR pullets exhibiting enhanced indices of *** pullets twice the recommended Ca,P and VitD_(3)decreased BW,relative weight of leg bone but enhanced femoral strength with no effects on tibia attributes.

关键词： Housing Vitamin D_(3) Calcium Bone quality Mineral Pullets

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比较纳升反相色谱-串联质谱与毛细管区带电泳-串联质谱用于自顶向下蛋白质组学（英文）

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色谱 2019年第8期37卷 878-886页

作者： elijah n.MCCOOL 孙良亮美国密歇根州立大学化学系

自顶向下蛋白质组学的一个重要难题是缺乏与质谱可以在线连用并且可以提供高效蛋白质分离的液相分离技术。毛细管区带电泳与纳升反相色谱都可以与质谱在线连用,并且在复杂蛋白质样品分析方面也都有了显著的提升。在这里,我们首次比较了... 详细信息

自顶向下蛋白质组学的一个重要难题是缺乏与质谱可以在线连用并且可以提供高效蛋白质分离的液相分离技术。毛细管区带电泳与纳升反相色谱都可以与质谱在线连用,并且在复杂蛋白质样品分析方面也都有了显著的提升。在这里,我们首次比较了先进的纳升反相色谱-串联质谱与毛细管区带电泳-串联质谱平台用于自顶向下蛋白质组学分析。相对于纳升反相色谱-质谱而言,毛细管区带电泳-质谱可以将标准蛋白质样品的消耗量降低10倍,而且保持与纳升反相色谱-质谱相当的蛋白质信号强度。有意思的是,与毛细管区带电泳-质谱相比,纳升反相色谱-质谱可以获得更高的蛋白质分子的气相价态。这个现象可能是由于反相流动相中的高浓度乙腈使得蛋白质变性的更加充分。从1微克的大肠杆菌蛋白质样品中,毛细管区带电泳-串联质谱可以鉴定到159个蛋白质和513个蛋白质变体,而纳升反相色谱-串联质谱仅鉴定到105个蛋白质和277个蛋白质变体。当将大肠杆菌蛋白质的上样量提高到8微克时,纳升反相色谱-串联质谱可以鉴定到245个蛋白质和1004个蛋白质变体。由于纳升反相色谱-串联质谱具有比毛细管区带电泳-串联质谱更高的上样量与更宽的分离窗口,当蛋白质样品量不受限制时,纳升反相色谱-串联质谱具有明显的优势。但是,在痕量样品分析方面,毛细管区带电泳-串联质谱具有更大的潜力。

关键词：自顶向下蛋白质组学毛细管区带电泳-串联质谱纳升反相色谱-串联质谱大肠杆菌高灵敏度

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nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1591-1609页

作者： Ran Xu elijah G.Kiarie Alexandros Yiannikouris Lvhui Sun niel A.Karrow Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Alltech Inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition3031 Catnip HillRoadNicholasvilleKY 40356USA Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities *** exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products,and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and animal ***,mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food *** prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination,mitigation strategies are *** review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.

关键词： Food animals Mitigation strategies Mycotoxins nutritional impact Risk management Susceptibility differences

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The potential of Strychnos madagascariensis(Poir.)as a source of vegetable oil

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Food Bioscience 2022年第4期48卷 133-144页

作者： Godfrey elijah Zharare Arindo Lukawu Akweni Mathilda Mostert Andrew Rowland Opoku Department of Agriculture Faculty of Science and AgricultureUniversity of ZululandKwaDlangezwaPrivate Bag X1001KwaZulu-Natal3886South Africa Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaCongo Precision Oil Laboratories 75 Douglas StreetTzaneenLimpopoSouth Africa Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science and AgricultureUniversity of ZululandPrivate Bag X1001KwaDlangezwa3886KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa

A study was undertaken to quantify screw press-extractable oil in the seed coat of Strychnos madagascariensis(Poir.)fruits harvested from trees in the northern coastal plain of KwaZulu-natal province of South Africa and to determine the physiochemical properties and fatty acid composition of the *** seed coat constituted 19.36%of the dry fruit biomass and contained w/w 42%***,the oil yield of the dried fruit was approx.8.13%.Monounsaturated oleic acid accounted for between ca.70-73%of the total fatty acids in the Strychnos *** acid was present in amounts ranging between 15.05 and 16.27%.Also present,but in smaller amounts were cis linoleic acid(5.76-6.03%),stearic acid(1.64-4.65%),n3 linolenic acid(1.26-1.90%),and palmitoleic acid(1.10-1.65%).The oil contained trace amounts of arachidic acid(0.45-0.54%)and eicosenoic acid(approx.0.325%).Vitamin E was present in appreciable amounts,mostly in the form ofα-tocopherol(approx.5.8-14.4 mg/100 g oil)andβ-tocotrienol(approx.8.1-15.6 mg/100 g oil)*** downside was that the oil had high acid values(161-181.32 mg KOH/g)and free fatty acid content(66-81 g oleic acid/100 g oil).There were 141 volatile compounds detected in the Strychnos oil,the most dominant of which were butyl-butyrate(20%),butyl hexanoate(8.2%)and glycerol(6.1-6.7%).Overall,the results indicate that Strychnos madagascariensis has potential as a source of vegetable oil.

关键词： Fatty acids Oleic acid Seed coat Strychnos madagascariensis Vegetable oil Vitamin E

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Growth performance,gastrointestinal weight,microbial metabolites and apparent retention of components in broiler chickens fed up to 11%rice bran in a corn-soybean meal diet without or with a multi-enzyme supplement

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Animal nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 41-48页

作者： Juan Sanchez Aizwarya Thanabalan Tanka Khanal Rob Patterson Bogdan A.Slominski elijah Kiarie Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph Canadian Bio-Systems Inc. Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

We investigated the effects of adding up to 11% rice bran(RB) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chickens without or with a multi-enzyme supplement(MES). The MES supplied xylanase, b-glucanase invertase, protease, cellulase, a-amylase and mannanase with targeted activity of 2,500, 300, 700, 10,0001,200, 24,000, and 20 U/kg of feed, respectively. The study used a two-phase feeding program(starter d 0 to 24; finisher, d 25 to 35) with RB added at 5% and 11%, respectively creating 4 diets in each phase Diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained phytase(500 FTU/kg) and TiO_2 as a digestibility marker. Three hundred and sixty d-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were placed in cages based on BW(15 birds/cage) and allocated to 4 diets(n = 6). Birds had free access to feed and water. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Excreta samples were collected 3 d prior to the end of each phase for apparent retention(AR) of components. Samples of birds were sacrificed on d 24 and 35 for gut weight and ceca digesta for organic acid content. There was no interaction(P > 0.10) between RB and MES on BWG and FCR in starter or finisher phase. In finisher phase, birds fed MES had better BWG(961 versus 858 g) and FCR(1.69 versus 1.86) than birds fed non-MES diets(P ng RB reduced(P = 0.02) BWG in finisher phase resulting in lower d 35 BW. Birds fed RB had higher(P 0.01) gizzard weight on d 24 and 35 than non-RB birds. An interaction(P 0.01) between RB and MES on concentrations of propionic and iso-butyric acids in ceca digesta showed that MES reduced these acids in non-RB diet. The AR of gross energy was higher(P non-MES birds in starter and finisher phases. In conclusion independently, RB increased gizzard weight and reduced final BW whereas MES improved growth and energy utilization.

关键词： Broiler chickens Growth performance Gut weight Microbial activity Multi-enzyme supplement Rice bran

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Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation and Temperature Using Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator in Zambia: A Case of Mount Makulu Agriculture Research Station

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第3期6卷 487-512页

作者： Charles Bwalya Chisanga elijah Phiri Vernon R. n. Chinene Ministry of Agriculture Ndola Zambia Department of Soil Science School of Agricultural Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) is a stochastic weather generator used for the simulation of weather data at a single site under both current and future climate conditions using General Circulation Models (GCM). It was calibrated using the baseline (1981-2010) and evaluated to determine its suitability in generating synthetic weather data for 2020 and 2055 according to the projections of HadCM3 and BCCR-BCM2 GCMs under SRB1 and SRA1B scenarios at Mount Makulu (Latitude: 15.550°S, Longitude: 28.250°E, Elevation: 1213 meter), Zambia. Three weather parameters—precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature were simulated using LARS-WG v5.5 for observed station and AgMERRA reanalysis data for Mount Makulu. Monthly means and variances of observed and generated daily precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature were used to evaluate the suitability of LARS-WG. Other climatic conditions such as wet and dry spells, seasonal frost and heat spells distributions were also used to assess the performance of the model. The results showed that these variables were modeled with good accuracy and LARS-WG could be used with high confidence to reproduce the current and future climate scenarios. Mount Makulu did not experience any seasonal frost. The average temperatures for the baseline (Observed station data: 1981-2010 and AgMERRA reanalysis: 1981-2010) were 21.33°C and 22.21°C, respectively. Using the observed station data, the average temperature under SRB1 (2020), SRA1B (2020), SRB1 (2055), SRA1B (2055) would be 21.90°C, 21.94°C, 22.83°C and 23.18°C, respectively. Under the AgMERRA reanalysis, the average temperatures would be 22.75°C (SRB1: 2020), 22.80°C (SRA1B: 2020), 23.69°C (SRB1: 2055) and 24.05°C (SRA1B: 2055). The HadCM3 and BCM2 GCMs ensemble mean showed that the number of days with precipitation would increase while the mean precipitation amount in 2020s and 2050s under SRA1B would reduce by 6.19% to 6.65%. Precipitation would in

关键词： LARS-WG Statistical Downscaling Climate Change Scenarios HadCM3 BCCR-BCM2 GCMs

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Micro Hydro Potential Modelling: Integrating GIS into Energy Alternatives for Climate Change Mitigation

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第8期4卷 47-59页

作者： Gerald C. K. Chelelgo David n. Siriba elijah K. Biamah Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Geospatial and Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

This research focused on integrating GIS into energy alternatives for climate change mitigation by creating a GIS-based hydrologic model that can be used to identify sites that have significant potential for micro hydropower development within the River Perkerra catchment area. Hydropower is a clean and renewable energy source that remains largely untapped in the country and its development can be used to mitigate anthropogenic climate change by reducing reliance on fossil or biomass derived fuels. This research established the extent of this resource and whether the available sites with significant micro hydropower potential within the study area were amply copious to warrant further development. Currently, such identification is done physically using means that are menial, costly and significantly time consuming. A 90-metre resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) data obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and various GIS tools were used to create a hydrologic framework which was used to identify potential sites along River Perkerra that suited any desired head requirement for the purposes of locating micro hydropower plants. The derived model demonstrated that it was possible to identify sites at discrete geographic locations along any stream drainage network using GIS. In addition, the model also provides a decision support system that integrates a powerful graphical user interface, spatial database management system and a generalized river basin network flow model for the purposes of exploiting and developing micro hydropower. With sufficient data on catchment discharge and use of higher resolution DTM, the model can be further enhanced to accurately obtain the total microhydro potential of River Perkerra by aggregating the respective potentials of every steam segment.

关键词： Component Formatting Style Styling GIS Micro Hydropower Modelling DTM Catchment Delineation River Perkerra

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Biodegradation and Sugar Release from Canola Plant Biomass by Selected White Rot Fungi

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2014年第6期4卷 395-406页

作者： Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen nona A. Mikiashvili Zachary n. Senwo elijah I. Ohimain Department of natural Resources & Environmental Design North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro USA Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences Alabama Agricultural & Mechanical University Normal USA niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria

Canola crop is rich in plant biomass. It is considered a major cash crop in north America and a potential source for biofuel. We evaluated six strains of white rot basidiomycetes under solid state fermentation (SSF) for their potentials to secrete oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes to biodegrade canola plant biomass (CPB), and release sugars. Fuscoporia gilva and Pleurotus tuberregium produced high amount of laccase (440.86 U/L and 480.63 U/L at day 7), as well as carboxylmethylcellulase (CMCase) (4.78 U/mL at day 21 and 3.13 U/mL at day 14) and xylanase (4.48 U/mL and 7.8 U/mL at day 21), respectively. Bjerkandera adusta showed high amount of MnP (50.4 U/L) and peroxidase (64.5 U/L), relative to the other strains. Loss of organic matter peaked after 21 days of incubation in all the tested strains;however, the best result (34.0%) was shown in P. tuberregium. The highest lignin loss was observed in Coriolopsis caperata strains. Among the sugar polymers, hemicellulose was highly degraded by P. tuberregium and P. pulmonarius (4.1% - 4.6%), while cellulose (3.3% - 4.3%) was mainly degraded by F. gilva and B. adusta. Glucose was the dominant sugar released by all the fungi tested, with the highest concentration of 1.25 mg/mL produced by B. adusta at day 14 of incubation. Results indicate that selected white rot fungi can achieve significant delignification of CPB within 14 days of solid state fermentation. Their importance in low cost pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass prior to conversion into biofuels and bio-products of economic importance is discussed.

关键词： Canola Plant Biomass Bio-Delignification White Rot Fungi Lignocellulose

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Refinement and Quantification of Terrain-Induced Effects on Global Gravity Data

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International Journal of Geosciences 2019年第5期10卷 513-526页

作者： Ojima I. Apeh Elochukwu C. Moka Victus n. Uzodinma elijah S. Ebinne Department of Geoinformatics & Surveying University of Nigeria Enugu Campu Enugu Nigeria

The geodetic and geophysical applications of Earth Gravity Field parameters computed from Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) are quite on the increase despite the inherent commission and omission errors of these models. In view of this, this study focuses on refining and quantifying terrain-induced effects on Bouguer gravity anomalies computed directly from a total of seven recent GGMs. In the study, the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique was used to estimate the residual terrain effects that were added to the GGM-computed Bouguer gravity anomalies at the sixty test points in Enugu State, nigeria. The computed residual terrain effects range from -24.6 to 37.5 mgal while the percentage of the omission errors of the GGMs based on their Root-Mean-Square (RMS) differences ranges from 7.8% to 44.7%. It can be concluded that GGM-refined Bouguer gravity anomalies are better in accuracy than the unrefined GGM-computed Bouguer gravity anomalies and hence there is need for accurate height information in the development of GGMs. We, therefore, recommend that refined Bouguer gravity anomalies obtained from HUST-Grace2016s, EIGEn-6C4 and GECO that gave best improvement amongst the seven GGMs under consideration should be used to supplement the available terrestrial Bouguer anomalies for geodetic and geophysical applications within the study area.

关键词： Bouguer Gravity Anomalies Global Geopotential Models Refined Bouguer Anomalies Residual Terrain Model (RTM) Effects

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