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Interview of Robert ***

Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 2018-2020页

作者： Anil j. elias Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA CALTECH Pasadena CA 91125 USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

Robert H. Grubbs is a Nobel Laureate and the Victor and Eliza-beth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology, USA. He grew up in the State of Kentucky,

关键词：诺贝尔奖获得者采访加州理工学院肯塔基州

Individualized treatment options for patients with non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic liver disease

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world journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2281-2298页

作者： Lukas Hartl joshua elias Gerhard Prager Thomas Reiberger Lukas w Unger Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab Medical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB20AWUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Division of Visceral Surgery Department of General SurgeryMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria

The obesity pandemic has led to a significant increase in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).while dyslipidemia,type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases guide treatment in patients without signs of liver fibrosis,liver related morbidity and mortality becomes relevant for MAFLD’s progressive form,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),and upon development of liver *** should be prescribed in patients without significant fibrosis despite concomitant liver diseases but are underutilized in the real-world *** surgery,especially Y-Roux bypass,has been proven to be superior to conservative and/or medical treatment for weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated diseases,but comes at a low but existent risk of surgical complications,reoperations and very rarely,paradoxical progression of *** end-stage liver disease develops,obese patients benefit from liver transplantation(LT),but may be at increased risk of perioperative infectious *** LT,metabolic comorbidities are commonly observed,irrespective of the underlying liver disease,but MAFLD/NASH patients are at even higher risk of disease *** studies with low patient numbers evaluated if,and when,bariatric surgery may be an option to avoid disease recurrence but more high-quality studies are needed to establish clear *** this review,we summarize the most recent literature on treatment options for MAFLD and NASH and highlight important considerations to tailor therapy to individual patient’s needs in light of their risk profile.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Bariatric surgery Metabolism

Real-time calculation of fragment velocity for cylindrical warheads

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第3期15卷 264-271页

作者： David Felix Ian Colwill elias Stipidis Institution of Engineering and Technology Stevenage England Member of British Computer Society London Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers London

To simulate explosion fragments, it is necessary to predict many variables such as fragment velocity, size distribution and projection angle. For active protection systems these predictions need to be made very quickly, before the weapon hits the target. Fast predictions also need to be made in real time simulations when the impact of many different computer models need to be assessed. The research presented in this paper focuses on creating a fast and accurate estimate of one of these variables - the initial fragment velocity. The Gurney equation was the first equation to calculate initial fragment velocity. This equation, sometimes with modifications, is still used today where finite element analysis or complex mathematical approaches are considered too computationally expensive. This paper enhances and improves Breech’s two-dimensional Gurney equation using available empirical data and the principals of conservation of momentum and energy. The results are computationally quick, providing improved accuracy for estimating initial fragment velocity. This will allow the developed model to be available for real-time simulation and fast computation, with improved accuracy when compared to existing approaches.

关键词： Initial fragment velocity Real-time simulation Cylindrical explosion

Intestinal microbiota and its interaction to intestinal health in nursery pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 169-184页

作者： Marcos elias Duarte Sung woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695United States

The intestinal microbiota has gained increased attention from researchers within the swine industry due to its role in promoting intestinal maturation,immune system modulation,and consequently the enhancement of the health and growth performance of the *** review aimed to provide updated scientific information on the interaction among intestinal microbiota,dietary components,and intestinal health of *** small intestine is a key site to evaluate the interaction of the microbiota,diet,and host because it is the main site for digestion and absorption of nutrients and plays an important role within the immune *** diet and its associated components such as feed additives are the main factors affecting the microbial composition and is central in stimulating a beneficial population of *** microbiotaehost interaction modulates the immune system,and,concurrently,the immune system helps to modulate the microbiota *** direct interaction between the microbiota and the host is an indication that the mucosa-associated microbiota can be more effective in evaluating its effect on health *** was demonstrated that the mucosa-associated microbiota should be evaluated when analyzing the interaction among diets,microbiota,and *** addition,supplementation of feed additives aimed to promote the intestinal health of pigs should consider their roles in the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota as biomarkers to predict the response of growth performance to dietary interventions.

关键词： Intestinal health Mucosa-associated microbiota Nursery pig

Combat utility prediction

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第6期12卷 446-463页

作者： Stanislas GABROVSEK Ian COLwILL elias STIPIDIS Vetronics Research Centre University of Brighton

The majority of allied casualties from recent conflicts were caused by blast wave and fragments perforation damage from Improvised Explosive Devices. Survivability to this type of threat is a critical factor to consider for land platform design. This paper proposes an original approach to platform survivability assessment using a combination of Agent-Based(AB) simulation and Fault Tree Analysis(FTA) to predict the consequences of IED fragment impacts on the platform operational status. As a demonstration, this approach is applied to the comparison of different platform architectures to gain insight into the optimisation of the platform component topology.

关键词： Mission Survivability Simulation Agent-based Fault-tree analysis Platform architecture

Ultrasound Pulse Emission Spectroscopy Method to Characterize Xylem Conduits in Plant Stems

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Research 2023年第1期2022卷 139-152页

作者： Satadal Dutta Zhiyi Chen elias Kaiser Priscilla Malcolm Matamoros Peter G.Steeneken Gerard j.Verbiest Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Faculty of 3METU DelfMekelweg 22628CD DelfNetherlands Horticulture and Product Physiology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 6708PB WageningenNetherlands

Although it is well known that plants emit acoustic pulses under drought stress,the exact origin of the waveform of these ultrasound pulses has remained ***,we present evidence for a correlation between the characteristics of the waveform of these pulses and the dimensions of xylem conduits in *** a model that relates the resonant vibrations of a vessel to its dimension and viscoelasticity,we extract the xylem radi from the waveforms of ultrasound pulses and show that these are correlated and in good agreement with optical *** demonstrate the versatility of the method by applying it to shoots of ten different vascular plant *** particular,for Hydrangea quercifolia,we further extract vessel element lengths with our model and compare them with scanning electron *** ultrasonic,noninvasive characterization of internal conduit dimensions enables a breakthrough in speed and accuracy in plant phenotyping and stress detection.

关键词： dimensions breakthrough Pulse

Ultra-thin 3D lensless fiber endoscopy using diffractive optical elements and deep neural networks

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第4期2卷 57-66页

作者： Robert Kuschmierz elias Scharf David F.Ortegón-González Tom Glosemeyer jürgen w.Czarske Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique TU DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 1801069 DresdenGermany Competence center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems(BIOLAS) TU DresdenGermany Institute of Applied Physics School of SciencesTU DresdenGermany Excellence Cluster Physics of Life TU DresdenGermany

Minimally invasive endoscopes are indispensable in *** fiber bundles(CFBs)enable ultrathin lensless ***,the propagation of light through a CFB suffers from phase distortions and aberrations that can cause images to be *** correction of such aberrations has been demonstrated using various techniques for wavefront control,especially using spatial light modulators(SLMs).This study investigates a novel aberration correction without SLM for the creation of an efficient and compact *** memory effect of CFBs enables a paradigm shift in the use of static diffractive optical elements(DOEs)instead of dynamic modulation with *** introduce DOEs produced by 2-photon polymerization lithography for phase conjugation on a CFB for focusing,raster scanning,and ***,a DOE with random patterns is used to encode the three-dimensional(3D)object information in a 2D speckle pattern that propagates along the ultra-thin *** networks decode the speckles to retrieve the 3D object information using single-shot *** DOE methods have compact low-cost concepts in common,and both pave the way for minimally invasive 3D endomicroscopy with benefits for optical imaging in biomedicine.

关键词： correction speckle elements

Efficacy of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements in mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 235-248页

作者： Zixiao Deng Marcos elias Duarte Sung woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

This study investigated the effects of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) to replace animal protein supplements on mucosa-associated microbiota,intestinal health,and growth performance of nursery ***-six newly weaned pigs (Bw=6.4±0.6 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block *** were fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P;1,2,3) for 10,12,13 d,*** treatments were:(1) basal diet with fish meal (P1:4%,P2:2%,and P3:1%),poultry meal (P1:10%,P2:8%,and P3:4%),and blood plasma (P1:4%,P2:2%,and P3:1%),where SPC replacing none (NC);(2) basal diet with SPC replacing fish meal (RFM);(3) basal diet with SPC replacing poultry meal (RPM);(4) basal diet with SPC replacing blood plasma (RBP);and (5) basal diet with SPC replacing all animal protein supplements (PC).Growth performance was recorded for each *** were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to evaluate intestinal health and microbiota,and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of *** were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of ***,RFM,RPM,and RBP did not affect growth performance,whereas PC decreased (Pwhilst increasing (Pjejunal crypt cell *** were no differences in the villus height,AID of nutrients,intestinal inflammation,and intestinal oxidative stress among *** conclusion,SPC can replace fish meal,poultry meal,or blood plasma individually without affecting growth performance and intestinal health,and AID of nutrients of nursery *** SPC replacing poultry meal benefitted intestinal health by reducing *** and increasing ***,SPC replac

关键词： Blood plasma Fish meal Intestinal health Nursery pigs Poultry meal Soy protein concentrate

The effect of sex and performance level on pacing in cross-country skiers:Vasaloppet 2004-2017

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 453-458页

作者： Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis elias Villiger Beat Knechtle Exercise Physiology Laboratory Nikaia 18450 Greece Institute of Primary Care University of ZurichZurich 9000Switzerland Medbase St.Gallen Am Vadianplatz St.Gallen 9001Switzerland Corresponding author.E-mail address：beat.knechtle@hispeed.ch

Background： Pacing, defined as percentage changes of speed between successive splits, has been extensively studied in running and cycling endurance sports; however, less information about the trends in change of speed during cross-country （XC） ski racing is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of performance （quartiles of race time （Q）, with Q1 the fastest and Q4 the slowest） level on pacing in the Vasaloppet ski race, the largest XC skiing race in the world. Methods： For this purpose, we analyzed female （n = 19,465） and male （n = 164,454） finishers in the Vasaloppet ski race from 2004 to 2017 using a one-way （2 sexes） analysis of variance with repeated measures to examine percentage changes of speed between 2 successive splits. Overall, the race consisted of 8 splits. Results： The race speeds of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 13.6 ± 1.8, 10.6 ± 0.5, 9.2 ± 0.3, and 8.1 ±- 0.4 km/h, respectively, among females and 16.7 ± 1.7, 13.1 ± 0.7, 10.9 ± 0.6, and 8.9 ± 0.7 km/h, respectively, among males. The overall pacing strategy of finishers was variable. A small sex × split interaction on speed was observed （η^2= 0.016, p 〈 0.001）, with speed difference between sexes ranging from 14.9% （Split 7） to 27.0% （Split 1） and larger changes in speed between 2 successive splits being shown for females （p 〈 0.001, η^2=0.004）. A large performance × split interaction on speed, with Q1 presenting the smallest changes of speed between splits, was shown for females （η^2= 0.149, p 〈 0.001） and males （η^2 = 0.169,p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Male and fast XC skiers are more even pacers. Coaches and athletes should develop tailored sex- and performance-level pacing strategies; for instance, they should advise fast XC skiers to start fast and maintain their speed, rather than starting slowly and trying to make up time by going faster at times during the race.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article

关键词： Endurance exercise Race speed Sex Sport performance winter sport