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Human Kallikrein-2 and Free Prostate Specific Antigen as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, Sudan: A Case-Control Study

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2023年第1期13卷 9-21页

作者： Osman Khalid Yousif Badreldin Elsonni abdalla Mohammed Alimam M. ahmed Sami Mahjoub Taha ahmed Al Siddiq Ebraheem Muawia Mohamed ahmed elhadi abdalla ahmed Departmentof Biochemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the major health threats facing males in Sudan. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is the most important laboratory test used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the main disadvantage of PSA is its limited specificity, which triggered a lot of interest in development, more research on other markers such as serum human kallikrein-2 (KLK-2) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA). Objectives: To evaluate the validity of serum kallikrein-2 (KLK-2) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) in the early detection of prostate cancer among Sudanese patients. Method: In this study seventy men were considered as a case subject, who were diagnosed as cancer prostate at Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery (GHRDS), Sudan during the period February 2018 to July 2019. Randomly selected sixty patients of BPH patients and forty-five apparently healthy men as control subject. KLK-2, fPSA and PSA estimations were performed from serum samples using the principle of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The results revealed a highly significant difference between the serum levels individual biomarkers (KLK-2, fPSA, PSA) and multiple biomarkers (fPSA/PSA, KLK-2/fPSA, KLK-2/PSA) for patients with prostate cancer when compared with the control groups. Furthermore, the fPSA/PSA ratio was lower in the patients with prostate cancer (P value = 0.00) than in the control group, the fPSA/PSA ratio showed that best accuracy to differentiate prostate cancer from control group, fPSA cut-off value was found to be more than (18 ng/ml), with sensitivity (93%), specificity (80%), and odds ratio (55). Conclusions: The use of multiple biomarkers rather than individual biomarkers especially fPSA/PSA ratio improves the specificity as well as maintenance of higher sensitivity for early diagnosis of the prostate cancer.

关键词： Kallikrein-2 PSA fPSA Prostate Cancer Sudan

The Possibilities of Chronic Renal Failure Patients Contracting Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Sudan

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 91-102页

作者： elhadi abdalla ahmed Abdelrahman Eldaw Mohammed Bakri Yousif Mohamed Nour Albadawi Abdelbagi Talha Zienab Hamid Mubarak ahmed Elshafia Mubarak ahmed Elshafia Mohamed Elamin Salih Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Al Jouf University Sakakah KSA Department of Haematology and Immunohaematology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine-AlQunfudtha Umm Al-Qura University Mecca KSA

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. The effects of the CKD on the host and the continuous therapeutic measures increase the hypothesis of blood-borne diseases transmission. Objective: This study aimed to find the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (OBI) in patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) and to study the possibilities of infection acquisition. Methods: During 2017 and 2019, two hundred CRF patients under regular haemodialysis and attending Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery were recruited. Plasma specimens were collected and used for detection of hepatitis B surface antigens (HbsAg), total hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B virus DNA isolation. Nested PCR reaction was followed to identify HBV. Socio-clinical data for each participant was obtained. Results: Male patients represented 64% (128/200), most frequent age group was from 41 to 60 years with percentage of 56.5% (113/200), 86% (172/200) of CRF patients were received blood while 42% (84/200) get HBV vaccination. Hepatitis B core antibodies were found in 54% (108/200) of studied cases, and 22% (42/188) of tested DNA were positively amplified for target gene. Detection of Hepatitis B core antibodies was significantly associated with marital status while absence of vaccination significantly associated with the detection of both hepatitis B core antibodies and HBV DNA. Conclusion: This study found high frequency of OBI in CRF patients, to reduce the transmission of the disease, possible hypotheses should be studied, including blood transfusion, haemodialysis process and HBV vaccination status.

关键词： Chronic Renal Failure OBI Nested PCR Sudan

Study on PVL, blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 Genes in Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Surgical-Sites and Traumatic Wounds Infections, Sudan

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2022年第2期12卷 30-42页

作者： Sanaa Mohammed Yousif Adam Dawoud Abakar Salaheldein Gumaa Elzaki Salma Omer Ibrahim Omer Abu Elhasan Mohamed Taj-Eldin elhadi abdalla ahmed National Blood Bank Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Epidemiology Tropical Medicine Research Institute Khartoum Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Wad Medani College of Medical Sciences and Technology Wad Medani Sudan

Background: The characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus that made it the most important cause of wound infections are environmental spread antimicrobials resistance and virulence. Absence of molecular detection of drug resistance and virulence factors in many developing countries limits the epidemiological information. This study conducted to identify PVL virulence gene, and blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 drug resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from surgical-sites infections (SSIs) and traumatic wounds. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021, in which 70 cefepime resistant Staphylococcus aureus were used, the strains were isolated from patients of SSIs and traumatic wounds admitted to the department of General Surgery in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital. Mannitol salt agar was used for primary culture followed by biochemical identification and Kirby Bauer susceptibility testing. Single and multiplex PCR protocols performed for bacterial confirmation and target genes detection. Results: Staphylococcus aureus strains from SSIs constituted 56% (39/70) from which 41% (16/39) possessed PVL gene while 42% (13/31) of wound infections strains were positive for PVL gene. Presence of PVL gene was significantly associated with resistance to meropenem (P. value 0.023) and ceftriaxone (P. value 0.037). blaOXA-23 was significantly detected with resistance to meropenem, augmentin and ceftriaxone. While blaOXA-51 was significantly identified among Staphylococcus aureus strains that showed resistance to meropenem and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: This is the first study in Sudan that identified blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 in Staphylococcus aureus and correlated them to resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. Meropenem resistant Staphylococcus aureus were significantly positive for PVL, blaOXA-23 and baOXA-51 genes.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus PVL blaOXA-23 blaOXA-51 Wounds Sudan

Diagnostic Performance of glmM Gene and Histological Stains for Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsy from Patients Admitted to Wad Madani Teaching Hospital, Sudan

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Natural Science 2022年第8期14卷 343-352页

作者： Karima Ali Hamid Albadawi Abdelbagi Talha Abdalraheem Ali Babiker Mohammed Ibrahim Malik Adam Dawoud Abakar Omer Mustafa Elsidig A Saeed Mohmed Bushra ahmed elhadi abdalla ahmed Department of Histopathology and Cytology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Jouf University Al Jouf Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, Sudan to detect Helicobacter pylori in stomach samples, and evaluate the performance of the tests used, which were histological stains and PCR. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 105 referred patients during endoscopy, and fixed specimens examined by haematoxylin-eosin and Warthin-Starry silver stains, while DNA was extracted for glmM gene amplification. Epigastric pain was the most common symptom at 78% (82/105) and chronic gastritis recorded with 71% (68/105) of endoscopy results. Warthin-Starry silver stain gave 31% (33/105) as positive for Helicobacter pylori followed by glmM gene 27% (28/105) and haematoxylin-eosin 24% (25/105). The study indicated good performance of histological staining and high specificity of glmM gene in detection of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Histological Stains glmM Gene Gastric Biopsy Sudan

Rating of CCR5-Delta 32 Homozygous Mutation in Sudanese HIV Patients and Sex Workers

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第2期12卷 55-64页

作者： Mawaib Hassan Fath-Elrahman Mubarak Alkarsany Bakri Yousif Mohammed Nour Adam Dawoud Abakar Abdelrahman Eldaw Mhammed Salaheldein Gumma Elzaki Eman Osman Mubarak Elshafia elhadi abdalla ahmed Department of Virology National Public Health Laboratory Khartoum Sudan Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Karary University Khartoum Sudan Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Epidemiology Tropical Medicine Research Institute Khartoum Sudan National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory National Public Health Laboratory Khartoum Sudan Department of Haematology and Immunohaematology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Background: Prevention against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) includes natural resistance in the population;mainly frequency of cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type-5 (CCR5-delta 32 mutation). By knowing the frequency of this resistance in the community, the proportion of the population susceptible to infection can be determined. This study aimed to detect for the first time the rate of CCR5-delta 32 mutation in Sudanese individuals with HIV and sex workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study was followed in the parade from 2019 through 2021, study groups were Sudanese with HIV and sex workers. Sero-negativity of sex workers was confirmed by a rapid immunochromatography test (ICT). A blood sample was targeted for DNA isolation. PCR amplification was accomplished for CCR5 wild type and CCR5-delta 32 mutation genes using specific primers. Result: Among HIV patients, males, basic education level and ages below 60 years were commonly recorded while ages below 40 years, secondary education level and single marital status were predominated in sex workers. All HIV patients were positive for CCR5 wild type and negative for CCR5-delta 32 genotype. The sex workers group showed a frequency of 3.5% (97/200) for homozygous CCR5-delta 32 mutation. Conclusion: The rating of homozygous CCR5-delta 32 genotype in studied Sudanese sex workers was relatively more than other results obtained from African countries, and the mutation was significantly detected among sex workers group (P value = 0.008) when compared to the studied HIV group.

关键词： CCR5-Delta 32 HIV Sex Workers Rating Sudan

Urosepsis among Sudanese Patients: A Paradigm from Limited Resources Country

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 109-120页

作者： Salma Omer Ibrahim Mohammed Elimam Sami Mahjoub Taha Sanaa Mohammed Yousif Hajir Mohammed Hussein Omer Mirghani Yousif Seitelbanat Yassin Ali Elnaiem Yousif Abdelhameed Mohammed Omer Abu Elhasan Adama Dawoud Abakar elhadi abdalla ahmed Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Lab Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan National Blood Bank Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Faculty of Pharmacy University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Resident at Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery Urology (GHRDS) Wad Medani Sudan Cancer National Institute University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Wad Madani College for Medical Science and Technology Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Background: Urosepsis is life-threatening sepsis that leads to organ dysfunction and results from a defective response to a urinary tract infection;the major precipitating is obstructive uropathy in the upper or lower urinary tract (UT). The magnitude and burden of bacteria that caused uropathy were reported to increase annually. In 30% of all septic patients who were diagnosed with urosepsis, 1.5% of them were found in urology and a quarter due to hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTIs). This study aims to determine the clinical pattern and the frequency of commonly used antibiotics against bacteria associated with urosepsis among Sudanese patients. Methods: This was a cross sectional laboratory-based study, study subjects were recruited from patients attended to Gezira Hospital for Renal diseases and surgery (GHRDS) and was diagnosed, on clinical and laboratory basis, to have urosepsis. Hundred (n = 100) urine samples were collected and inoculated on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar (CLED) media and identify using the suitable biochemical test and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique for selected antimicrobial agents, according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Amongst urosepsis infection the frequency of E. coli, S. aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebseilla pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were (37%, 21%, 10%, 6%, 4% respectively). Resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was high, ranging from 17% for meropenem to 100% for cefepime. P. aeruginosa was multidrug resistant compared with other isolates. Conclusions: There was high rate of antibiotic resistance against the common causes of urosepsis in GHRDS, and this reflects the importance of culture and sensitivity test and necessitates adoption of guidelines for selection of suitable antibiotic.

关键词： Urosepsis Antimicrobial Susceptibility Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery Sudan

Incidence of Oxa23 and Oxa51 Genes Associated with Bacterial Isolated from Patients with Urosepsis: Single Centre Prespective

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2022年第3期12卷 85-96页

作者： Salma Omer Ibrahim Elimam M. A. Mohammed Sami Mahjoub Taha Sanaa Mohammed Yousif Hajir Omer Omer Omer Mirghani Seif-Elnasr Seitelbanat Yassin Yousif Abdelhameed Mohammed Omer Abu Elhasan Mohamed Taj-Eldin Adam Dawoud Abakar elhadi abdalla ahmed Salaheldein G. Elzaki Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Lab Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan National Blood Bank Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan University Hospital Galway Galway Ireland Department of Urology Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery Wad Medani Sudan Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Clinical Chemistry National Cancer Institute University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Wad Medani College for Medical Science and Technology Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Epidemiology Tropical Medicine Research Institute Khartoum Sudan

Background: Urosepsis is one of the most common infections that require empirical broad spectrum antibiotics immediately after diagnosis. This has led to development of bacterial resistance by acquiring the capability to destroy the β-lactam ring. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at Gezira Hospital for Renal diseases and surgery (GHRDS). A hundred patients were diagnosed clinically with urosepsis and the isolated organisms were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The susceptibility test was conducted by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Seventy eight samples of bacterial genomic DNA were confirmed by 16srRNA and multiplex PCR, were performed for genotypic blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 gene characterization of isolated bacteria. Then gel electrophoresis was used to identify the presence or absence of (blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23) genes. Results: 88.5% (69/78) in 16srRNA detected. Using multiplex PCR, the frequencies of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were 13% and 10.1%, respectively. The percentages of isolates which yielded both blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 among P. aeruginosa was 25% (1/4), among K. pneumonia was 17% (1/6), and among E. coli was 8% (3/37). Only blaOXA-51 was detected in P. mirabilis 10% (1/10) and only blaOXA-23 was detected in S. aureus 5% (1/18). Conclusion: In this study, the presence of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes was increased in the isolated bacteria.

关键词： Urosepsis Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23

基于中红外光谱和机器学习算法的牛奶中β-乳球蛋白快速检测方法

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华中农业大学学报 2025年

作者：邹慧颖王东薇樊懿楷刘维华杨俊华余文莉 SABEK ahmed abdalla ahmed Ibrahim 张淑君华中农业大学动物科学技术学院动物医学院宁夏兽药饲料监察所石家庄天泉良种奶牛有限公司石家庄天泉良种奶牛有限公司博士后科研工作站

为建立一种可以快速、批量、高效检测中国荷斯坦牛牛奶中β-乳球蛋白含量的方法，本试验采集501份来自西北、华北和华中主要产奶地区的健康中国荷斯坦牛牛奶样本，采用高效液相色谱法测定牛奶样本中β-乳球蛋白的含量，并同步测定和收... 详细信息

为建立一种可以快速、批量、高效检测中国荷斯坦牛牛奶中β-乳球蛋白含量的方法，本试验采集501份来自西北、华北和华中主要产奶地区的健康中国荷斯坦牛牛奶样本，采用高效液相色谱法测定牛奶样本中β-乳球蛋白的含量，并同步测定和收集牛奶样本的红外光谱数据（mid-infrared spectroscopy,MIRS）。以MIRS为预测变量，β-乳球蛋白含量为因变量，将12种光谱预处理方法进行连续2次的随机组合，并手动选取特征波段，使用偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression,PLSR）作为传统机器学习算法，建立预测牛奶中β-乳球蛋白含量的最优预测模型。结果显示：该模型交叉验证集和测试集的RC2和RP2分别为0.812 9、0.768 8，均方根误差RMSEC和RMSEP分别为0.476 2、0.524 9 g/L,RPD为2.076 6，达到畜禽生产性能的测定要求。试验结果表明，可以利用MIRS建立模型预测中国荷斯坦牛牛奶中的β-乳球蛋白含量。

关键词：中红外光谱牛奶 β-乳球蛋白机器学习算法光谱预处理

Sero-Prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Antibodies in Sudanese Sheep and Goats before and after Vaccination

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2025年第1期13卷 21-40页

作者： Omer Algezoli Selma Kamal Yazeed Raouf Alamin Mozdalifa Hiba Ali Mohamed Aljameel Salih Sir Elkhatim Sulieman ahmed Ibtesam Fadul Elsied Tageldin Nour Mohamed abdalla Viral Vaccine Production Department Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Khartoum Sudan College of Veterinary Medicine Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum-North Sudan Epidemiology Department Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Khartoum Sudan Foot and Mouth Disease Department Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Khartoum Sudan Virology Department Central Veterinary Research Laboratory Khartoum Sudan Nyala Veterinary Research Laboratory Nyala Sudan Damazine Veterinary Research Laboratory Damazine Sudan Al Obeid Veterinary Research Laboratory Al Obeid Sudan

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies were studied in Sudanese sheep and goats (n = 855) before and after vaccination with a locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. Animals were kept healthy under field conditions, in four states: Blue Nile (n = 250), North Kordofan (n = 189), South Darfur (n = 225) and the Northern State (n = 191). Before vaccination, the overall sero-prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 54.6% (53.2% - 56%, 95% CI);high (64.8% - 76.4%, 95% CI) in Blue Nile State, medium (50.5% - 61.9%, 95% CI) in North Kordofan State and South Darfur State and low (28.6% - 35.2% 95%, CI) in Northern State. In high-risk areas (high sero-prevalence), Blue Nile (70.4%) and North Kordofan (57.7%), middle age groups (7 - 12 and 13 - 18 months) were identified as high-risk age. Middle age groups showed lower sero-prevalence than preceding (3 - 6 months) and subsequent (>18 months) age groups while the risk of exposure increased with age. Current and previous findings suggested a transmission pathway of PPRV involving the South Eastern border (Blue Nile) and neighbouring Central Sudan to North Kordofan. One month after vaccination 88.4% (343/388) of sero-negative animals were sero-converted suggesting the efficacy of the locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine. Even if only individuals in the high-risk age group (7 - 18 months) were vaccinated, the overall population immunity (OPI) in high-risk areas (the Blue Nile and North Kordofan) would have surpassed the threshold of 70%, which is indicated for blocking PPRV transmission. However, lower vaccination coverage is expected in wider vaccination programmes. These findings primarily justified the targeting of PPR control in Sudan through the vaccination of high-risk age groups in high-risk areas.

关键词： Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Vaccination Efficacy Seroprevalence Herd Immunity High-Risk Area