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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Individuals at the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第4期11卷 260-277页

作者： Patience Nformi Ndapkwi Elisabeth Zeuko’o Menkem Oteh Njockawoh Mpey eleonore ngounou Woquan Sama Luma Watching Djakissam Erastus Nembo Nembu Jackson Seukep Armel Francis Désiré Bomba Taksinkou Denis Teuwafeu Fabrice Fekam Boyom Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agent Unit Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and early mortality are just a few of the major negative effects of chronic renal disease, a serious global health issue. The considerable financial and public health burden associated with chronic kidney disease can be lessened by raising awareness and adopting better practices for its impact, prevention, and early identification. Objective: In this study, individuals with hypertension and diabetes were evaluated for their knowledge of chronic kidney disease, its prevalence, and its risk factors. Method: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on adult (>18 years) patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Each participant provided written informed consent before having their data collected through interviews, medical information, and blood samples for CKD screening. The CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine, and CKD was determined using the estimated GFR (e-GFR). To find independent CKD factors, multivariate logistic regression was employed, with a p-value of 0.05 being regarded as statistically significant. This was accomplished using SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences) version 22.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY. Result: A total of 156 participants took part in the study among which 95 (60.9%) were male, most of the participants 82 (52.6%) were aged between 51 - 70 years (mean 59.42 ± 11.007), 76 (48.7%) were unemployed and 97 (62.2%) were single. Overall, the knowledge score of participants on CKD was 65.4% for good knowledge and 34.6% for poor or inadequate knowledge of CKD. More than half of the participants (60%) had chronic kidney disease. Among these, the greatest proportion of CKD patients were those who were hypertensive (88.2%) followed by those who were both hypertensive and diabetic (70.7%). Conclusion: There is poor management of CKD in the South West Region of Cameroon which has co

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence Risk Factors Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus

Design of a Cryptographic Algorithm in the Form of an API in Order to Secure Monetary Transactions in a Supermarket

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Journal of Information Security 2023年第4期14卷 437-453页

作者： Atsopmene Tango Vanette eleonore Gamom ngounou Ewo Roland Christian Kom Charles Hubert Computer and Automatic Engineering Laboratory Higher Normal School of Technical Education of the University of Douala Douala Cameroun Energy Materials Modeling and Methods Laboratory National Polytechnic School of University of Douala Douala Cameroun

Supermarkets and large-scale retail stores are usually subject to huge monetary transactions for certain customers’ purchases. The computerization of these systems is common in supermarkets but the security of these transactions remains a mystery. This article presents an algorithm as an API based on symmetric cryptography that can enable end-to-end encryption of a monetary transaction in a supermarket. This algorithm is the first part of the complete supermarket management system which will be presented in the following article. The Python language and the Flask framework allow us to develop the algorithm as an independent component. Tests have been performed and our algorithm uses 98.49% less memory and 10.18% time saving than the AES algorithm.

关键词： Application Programming Interface (API) Symmetric Cryptography End-to-End Encryption

Nonlinear continuous bi-inductance electrical line with dissipative elements:Dynamics of the low frequency modulated waves

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第4期29卷 179-189页

作者： S M ngounou F B Pelap Unite de Recherche de Mecanique et de Modelisation des Systèmes Physiques(UR-2 MSP) Faculte des SciencesUniversite de DschangBP 69 DschangCameroun Unite de Recherche de Matiere Condensee d'Electronique et de Traitement du Signal(UR-MACETS) Faculte des SciencesUniversite de DschangBP 67 DschangCameroun

The dynamics of modulated waves in a nonlinear bi-inductance transmission line with dissipative elements are *** show the existence of two frequency modes and carry out intensive investigations on the low frequency *** to the multiple scales method,the behavior of these waves is investigated and the dissipative effects are *** appears that the dissipation coefficient increases with the carrier wave *** the continuous approximation,we derive that the propagation of these waves is governed by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation instead of the Korteweg-de-Vries equation as previously *** studies of the dynamics of plane waves in the line reveal the existence of three additional regions in the dispersion curve where the modulational phenomenon is *** the low frequency mode,we demonstrate that the network allows the propagation of dark and bright *** findings are in perfect agreement with the analytical predictions.

关键词： dissipative bi-inductance network low frequency mode continuous approximation complex Ginzburg-Landau equation

Dynamics of high-frequency modulated waves in a nonlinear dissipative continuous bi-inductance network

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第6期30卷 193-205页

作者： S M ngounou F B Pelap Unitéde Recherche de Mécanique et de Modélisation des Systèmes Physiques(UR-2 MSP) Facultédes SciencesUniversitéde DschangBP 69 DschangCameroun Unitéde Recherche de Matière Condensée d'Electronique et de Traitement du Signal(UR-MACETS) Facultédes SciencesUniversitéde DschangBP 67 DschangCameroun

This paper presents intensive investigation of dynamics of high frequency nonlinear modulated excitations in a damped bimodal lattice. The effects of the dissipation are considered through a linear dissipation coefficient whose evolution in terms of the carrier wave frequency is checked. There appears that the dissipation coefficient increases with the carrier wave frequency. In the linear limit and for high frequency waves, study of the asymptotic behavior of plane waves reveals the existence of two additional regions in the dispersion curve where the modulational phenomenon is observed compared to the lossless line. Based on the multiple scales method exploited in the continuum approximation using an appropriate decoupling ansatz for the voltage of the two different cells, it appears that the motion of modulated waves is described by a dissipative complex Ginzburg–Landau equation instead of a Korteweg–de Vries equation. We also show that this amplitude wave equation admits envelope and hole solitons in the high frequency mode. From basic sources, we design a programmable electronic generator of complex signals with desired characteristics, which delivers signals exploited as input waves for all our numerical simulations. These simulations are performed in the LTspice software that uses realistic components and give the results that corroborate perfectly our analytical predictions.

关键词： dissipative bi-inductance network high-frequency mode continuous approximation dissipative complex Ginzburg–Landau equation programmable electronic generator LT-Pspice observations

Dynamics of the plane and solitary waves in a Noguchi network:Effects of the nonlinear quadratic dispersion

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第3期29卷 105-111页

作者： S A T Fonkoua M S ngounou G R Deffo F B Pelap S B Yamgoue A Fomethe Unite de Recherche de Matiere Condensee d’Electronique et de Traitement du Signal(UR-MACETS) Faculte des SciencesUniversite de DschangBP 67 DschangCameroun Unite de Recherche de Mecanique et de Modelisation des Systemes Physiques(UR-2MSP) Faculte des SciencesUniversite de DschangBP 69 DschangCameroun Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College BambiliUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box 39 BamendaCameroon

We consider a modified Noguchi network and study the impact of the nonlinear quadratic dispersion on the dynamics of modulated waves. In the semi-discrete limit, we show that the dynamics of these waves are governed by a nonlinear cubic Schrodinger equation. From the graphical analysis of the coefficients of this equation, it appears that the nonlinear quadratic dispersion counterbalances the effects of the linear dispersion in the frequency domain. Moreover, we establish that this nonlinear quadratic dispersion provokes the disappearance of some regions of modulational instability in the dispersion curve compared to the results earlier obtained by Pelap et al.(Phys. Rev. E 91 022925(2015)). We also find that the nonlinear quadratic dispersion limit considerably affects the nature, stability, and characteristics of the waves which propagate through the system. Furthermore, the results of the numerical simulations performed on the exact equations describing the network are found to be in good agreement with the analytical predictions.

关键词： Noguchi network nonlinear quadratic dispersion modulational instability soliton

Relationship between Climate and Groundwater Recharge in the Besseke Watershed (Douala – Cameroon)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第8期3卷 607-619页

作者： Feumba Roger ngounou Ngatcha Benjamin Tabue Youmbi Jean Ghislain Ekodeck Georges Emmanuel 不详

In Douala, economic capital of Cameroon, annual rainfall and temperature from its meteorological station (latitude: 4o00'N;longitude: 9o43'E;elevation: 5.0 m) were obtained and analysed to investigate the impact of climate variability on groundwater recharge. The climate shows a strong evidence of changes towards persistent weather conditions. The region is mainly characterized by a mean inter-annual temperature of 27.4oC and influenced by the mount Cameroon (4095 m in elevation). A recent decrease in mean annual rainfall occurred since 1982. The average annual rainfall which was 4200 mm with about 220 days of rainfall from 1917 to 1937 has moved to 4049 mm for the period 1937-1957, to 3826 mm for the period 1968-1988 and to 3619 mm for the period 1971-2001. Between, 1997 and 2007, the total number of days of rainfall has not exceeded 220 (193 days of rainfall in 1998 and 216 days of rainfall in 1999). By using Gauss law on 31 years (1971-2001) of annual rainfall, one note that the value 2850 mm has 20% of luck to be not observed and the value 4219 mm has 20% of luck to be exceeded. Douala already suffers from water shortage not because of decrease of rainfall but due to quality of underground water and salty taste of the main river catched for water supply. Moreover, precipitation is considered as the main replenishment source of all water resources in the study area (watershed of Besseke). The calculated interannual groundwater recharge rate (potential recharge, not necessarily real) is about 9% compared to the interannual total precipitation received by this area located closer the Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Guinea). Groundwater discharge from the aquifer occurs between November and March.

关键词： Cameroon (Douala Besseke) Climate Variability Impact Water Balance Recharge

Assessment of Hydraulic Parameters and Protection Zones of Catchment Aquifers for Water Supply Network in NdéDivision, West-Cameroon (Central Africa)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第7期13卷 478-497页

作者： Roger Feumba Kemgang Dongmo Tchouta Jean Ghislain Tabué Youmbi Valentin Yvan Emmanuel Mvondo Depesquidoux I. Tchaptchet Tchato Benjamin ngounou Ngatcha University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Ndé Division in West-Cameroon is facing with water supply although many attempts of restoring existing SCANWATER facilities by Bangangté Municipality. In order to address the issue, we assess the exploitable pumping flow rate of catchment aquifers and its hydraulic properties by using Jacob and Theis method, and define protection zones with Hoffman and Lillich method. It emerges that the hydraulic conductivity of aquifer is in the order of 10-4 m/sec, transmissivity varies from 10-4 to 10-6 m2/sec. Aquifer pumping flow rate (Q) varies between 1.5 and 10.5 m3/h. In volcanic rocks, aquifer is more productive (4.5 ≤ Q ≤ 10.5 m3/h). Transfer time of pollutants to aquifer varies from 3 to 56 days depending on rock-types and groundwater slope (0.03 - 0.13 m/m). Furthermore, 113,624 m and 1123 m are radius to be implemented for a better protection of groundwater against any form of pollutant.

关键词： Pumping Tests Aquifer Properties Groundwater Protection Ndé Division West-Cameroon (Central Africa)

Evaluation of SON’OR^(█),a Medical Device for Provoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry Made in Cameroon

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2017年第8期10卷 376-389页

作者： Jean Espoir E.Vokwely Jean Valentin F.Fokouo Guy Merlin ngounou Dalil Asmaou Esthelle G.Minka Ngom Martin Kom Richard L.Njock G.Bengono Alexis Ndjolo Otorhinolaryngology Service Centre Hospitalier d’EssosYaoundeCameroon Regional Hospital Bertoua BertouaCameroon National Advanced School of Engineering YaoundeCameroon BENDO Company YaoundeCameroon General Hospital YaoundeCameroon General Hospital DoualaCameroon Laquintinie Hospital DoualaCameroon Cameroon Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery YaoundeCameroon Chantal Biya International Research Center YaoundeCameroon

Background: There is a huge gap in the audiological care in Africa by comparison with Western countries. Its main reason is the prohibitive cost of the medical devices used to screen or diagnose patients. A Cameroonian team tackled this problem by developing a medical device (SON’OR©) which integrates a new instrumentation amplifier structure dedicated to perform otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA). The major technical challenges to perform OAE and BERA are the synchronization and the amplification of signals of very low amplitude. In this work, we emphasize on the general criteria necessary and indispensable to achieve an optimal amplification. The application of a novel instrumentation amplifier structure characterized by its optimized noise factor in the case of BERA and OEA emissions provides simulations and experimental results fully in line with forecasts. The design of SON’OR©is based on general techniques of electronic instrumentation to which we associated the new instrumentation amplifier structure. Objective: To report the clinical evaluation of SON’OR©as a screening and diagnostic tool. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional comparative study in Centre Hospitalier d’Essos in Yaoundé. We tested SON’OR©on two sets of subjects, one for OAE with OTODYNAMICS Echoport ILO 292-II as gold standard and the other for BERA with NEUROSOFT NEURO AUDIO©as gold standard. Each patient was tested with both devices and then we studied the inter device differences and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each test. Results: We got 52 subjects for OEA and 51 for BERA testing. Sex ratio was 1 woman for 2 men in both groups. Mean age was 24.86(SD = 10.53) and 26.33 (10.55) for OAE and BERA groups respectively. SON’OR©had good performances, showing sensitivity of 92.85%/95%, specificity of 96.77%/90.47%, positive predictive value of 95.21%/93.4

关键词： SON’OR^(█) Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry Otoacoustic Emissions Cameroon Neonatal Hearing Screening