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A stage-scanning laser confocal microscope and protocol for DNA methylation sequencing

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第5期3卷 496-500页

作者： Vaithilingam Vaishnavi Litty varghese Baquir Mohammed Jaffar Ali 不详

Recent understanding of the role of epigenetic regulation in health and disease has necessitated the development of newer and efficient methods to map the methylation pattern of target gene. In this article we report construction of a stage-scanning laser confocal microscope (SLCM) and associated protocol that determines the methylation status of target gene. We have adapted restricted Sanger’s sequencing where fluorescine labeled primers and dideoxy guanine fraction alone are used for target amplification and termination at cytosine positions. Amplified ssDNA bands are separated in 6% denaturing PAGE and scanned using SLCM to sequence the positions of methylated cytosines. We demonstrate that our me- thodology can detect < 100 femtomoles of DNA, and resolve the position of cytosine within ± 2 nucleotide. In a calibration run using a designer DNA of 99 bases, our methodology had resolved all the 11 cytosine positions of the DNA. We have further demonstrated the utility of apparatus by mapping methylation status in the Exon-1 region of a gene, E-Cadherin, in the plasma DNA sample of a healthy subject. We believe our approach constitute a low cost alternative to conventional DNA sequencers and can help develop methylation based DNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of disease and in therapeutics.

关键词： Scanning Confocal Microscope Fluorescence Detection Methylation Bisulfite Sequencing DNA Sequencer

New Immunological Approaches in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Glypican-3 (GPC-3) Opportunities and Challenges

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2020年第11期11卷 647-659页

作者： Bobby varghese Navid Darayan Cristiana Rastellini Luca Cicalese Mauro Montalbano Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical Branch UTMB Galveston USA Department of Neurology University of Texas Medical Branch UTMB Galveston USA Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease University of Texas Medical Branch UTMB Galveston USA

Immunotherapy is one of the strategies to boost natural defenses to fight cancer. Immuno-oncology is an artificial stimulation of the human immune system to recognize and kill selectively neoplastic cells at different stage of transformation. Cancer cells have tumor antigens and the antibody of the immune system, binding them, can detect molecules on their extracellular side of cell membrane. Among these proteins, it is rising in interest and used for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Glypican-3 (GPC-3) protein. It is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), anchored to the cell membrane of transformed hepatocytes. We investigated its function as key regulator of hepatocytes neoplastic transformation. Noteworthy, GPC-3 protein has been implicated in different pathways from cell growth to cell motility and migration. More recently, GPC-3 has been evaluated as a useful marker for HCC due to its increased expression in the liver during tumorigenesis and its absence in normal liver. Immunotherapy that targets GPC-3 domains and its connected proteins are currently under investigation. These new biomarkers may hold potential for the detection and treatment of HCC and other diseases in which GPC-3 may be overexpressed and/or play a crucial role. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the active immunotherapy developed to treat HCC and it will evaluate aspects of GPC-3 (structure and biology) as advantages and potential pitfalls for considering it as a valuable immunotherapeutic target. We also elaborated the current literature with the aim to better understand its biological interactions at a molecular and cellular level to identify alternative or combined targets, due to the existing gap in the lit

关键词： Glypican-3 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy

Thirty-day mortality of patients with hip fracture during COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic periods:A systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第1期12卷 35-50页

作者： Sujit Kumar Tripathy Paulson varghese Sibasish Panigrahi Bijnya Birajita Panda Sandeep Velagada Samrat Smrutiranjan Sahoo Monappa A Naik Sharath K Rao Department of Orthopedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019India Department of Orthopedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarBhubaneswar 751019India Department of Ophthalmology SCB Medical CollegeCuttack 753007India Department of Orthopedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesNagpur 441108India Department of Orthopedics Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalUdupiKarnataka 576104India Department of Orthopedics Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalUdupiKarnatakaManipal 576104India

BACKGROUND Timely intervention in hip fracture is essential to decrease the risks of perioperative morbidity and ***,limitations of the resources,risk of disease transmission and redirection of medical attention to a more severe infective health problem during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic period have affected the quality of care even in a surgical *** To compare the 30-d mortality rate and complications of hip fracture patients treated during COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic *** The search of electronic databases on 1st August 2020 revealed 45 studies related to mortality of hip fracture during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic *** careful screening,eight studies were eligible for quantitative and qualitative analysis of *** The pooled data of eight studies(n=1586)revealed no significant difference in 30-d mortality rate between the hip fracture patients treated during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods[9.63%vs 6.33%;odds ratio(OR),0.62;95%CI,0.33,1.17;P=0.14].Even the 30-d mortality rate was not different between COVID-19 non-infected patients who were treated during the pandemic time,and all hip fracture patients treated during the pre-pandemic period(OR,1.03;95%CI,0.61,1.75;P=0.91).A significant difference in mortality rate was observed between COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative patients(OR,6.99;95%CI,3.45,14.16;P<0.00001).There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay(OR,-1.52,95%CI,-3.85,0.81;P=0.20),overall complications(OR,1.62;P=0.15)and incidence of pulmonary complications(OR,1.46;P=0.38)in these two-time ***,the preoperative morbidity was more severe,and there was less use of general anesthesia during the pandemic *** There was no difference in 30-d mortality rate between hip fracture patients treated during the pandemic and pre-pandemic ***,the mortality risk was higher in COVID-19 positive patients compared to COVID-19 negativ

关键词： Hip fracture Femur neck fracture Trochanter fracture Mortality Pandemic COVID-19

Valgus osteotomy for nonunion and neglected neck of femur fractures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第5期7卷 301-307页

作者： Viju Daniel varghese Abel Livingston P R Boopalan Thilak S Jepegnanam Department of Orthopaedics-Unit 3 Christian Medical College

Nonunion neck of femur can be a difficult problem to treat, particularly in the young, and is associated with high complication rates of avascular necrosis due to the precarious blood supply and poor *** various treatment options that have been described can be broadly divided according to the aim of improving either biology or biomechanics. Surgeries aimed at improving the biology, such as vascularized fibula grafting, have good success rates but require high levels of expertise and substantial resources. A popular surgical treatment aimed at improving the biomechanics-valgus intertrochanteric osteotomyoptimizes conditions for fracture healing by converting shear forces across the fracture site into compressive forces. Numerous variations of this surgical procedure have been developed and successfully applied in clinical practice. As a result, the proximal femoral orientation for obtaining a good functional outcome has evolved over the years, and the present concept of altering the proximal femoral anatomy as little as possible has arisen. This technical objective supports attaining union as well as a good functional outcome, since excessive valgus can lead to increased joint reaction forces. This review summarizes the historical and current literature on valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy treatment of nonunion neck of femur, with a focus on factors predictive of good functional outcome and potential pitfalls to be avoided as well as controversies surrounding this procedure.

关键词： Neck of femur Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy Head shaft angle Neck resorption ratio Nonunion

Assesment of diabetes related quality of life and the impact of pharmaceutical care in its improvement

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第8期4卷 649-651页

作者： Ruksana Faizal Lincy George Panayappan Lakshmanan Treesa P.varghese Department of Pharmacy Practice St.James College of Pharmaceutical SciencesKeralaIndia Department of Pharmacy Practice JSS College of PharmacyOotyTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To assess the role of pharmaceutical care in improving quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care ***:A prospective observational survey study was carried out for a period of 9 months in the General Medicine Department of the hospital.A total of 106 patients were enrolled and were randomly allocated to the control and intervention groups with 53 patients in each ***-19 of audit on diabetes-dependent quality of life questionnaire were provided to the patients,at the time of admission and during *** the time of admission the intervention group was provided with counseling for diabetes and with patient information leaflets on the disease.A data entry format comprising the socio-demographic details of the patients,their medical and medication history,laboratory results,*** used to note down the patient *** prescribing patterns of different oral hypoglycemic agents were ***:A total of 106 patients were recruited,51%being *** ranged from 32 to 80 years with a mean age of 60.210±*** duration since diagnosis was 5-10 years for most of the participants(67%),10-20 years for 29%and>20 years for the *** the time of study,17.9%of participants were received insulin treatment,and 82.1%on oral hypoglycemic *** average weighted impact of intervention group which improved from-1.7526±0.5630 to-1.668800±0.048013 was found to be statistically *** the study showed that pharmaceutical care has a positive impact on the quality of life of diabetes ***:Quality of life is worsened in diabetes mellitus patients,particularly for the'freedom to eat'domain,indicating that an intervention to improve dietary freedom might be a good way of improving quality of *** study also showed that patient counseling played an important role in improving quality of life of diabetes patients.

关键词： Quality of life Health related quality of life Diabetes mellitus Audit on diabetes-dependent quality of life Average weighted impact

国产5种PHMB多功能护理液搭配硅水凝胶隐形眼镜的基准评价（英文）

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国际眼科杂志 2017年第5期17卷 829-833页

作者：馬銘良宋寅翼 Daniel Tilia varghese Thomas 中国广东省广州市华柏恩视觉研究中心 510000 澳大利亚悉尼华柏恩视觉研究中心

目的:针对搭配市售硅水凝胶隐形眼镜使用的5种中国产含聚六亚甲基双胍(polyhexamethylene biguanide,PHMB)多功能护理液,通过护理液相关角膜染色、眼部反应(角膜染色、眼部充血)、角膜浸润、眼部舒适度来评估和比较其临床表现。方法:前... 详细信息

目的:针对搭配市售硅水凝胶隐形眼镜使用的5种中国产含聚六亚甲基双胍(polyhexamethylene biguanide,PHMB)多功能护理液,通过护理液相关角膜染色、眼部反应(角膜染色、眼部充血)、角膜浸润、眼部舒适度来评估和比较其临床表现。方法:前瞻性、开放、随机、平行对照临床试验。选取18岁以上受试者162名,并随机分为5组,分别使用5种中国产含PHMB多功能护理液:全能多功能护理液,海昌水感觉润护理液,保视宁护理液,卫康新视护理液及卫康2 000多功能护理液(分别缩写为C,H,B,W,和W2)。所有受试者都配戴月抛型硅水凝胶隐形眼镜(博士伦纯视)3mo,并每日使用指定的多功能护理液。在配戴前,配戴后2wk,1和3mo进行随访。统计每百人每月护理液相关角膜染色及角膜浸润事件。眼部反应分0-4级,最小梯度为0.5(0=无反应,4=严重反应);眼部舒适度通过数字量表评定(分1-10级,最小梯度为1,1=差,10=优)。眼部舒适度和眼部反应采用线性混合模型进行分析。角膜浸润及护理液相关角膜点染通过Fisher确切概率法和logistic回归分析进行分析。结果:有36名(22%)受试者中途退出试验。每组护理液相关角膜染色发生率为:H组26.3%,B组20.8%,W组19.4%,W2组13.4%,C组12.8%,其中H组的发生率分别与W2组(P=0.012)、C组(P=0.005)的差异有统计学意义。不同组间眼部反应、角膜浸润及眼部舒适度的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。存在护理液相关角膜染色的受试者在白天及结束时相比于不存在护理液相关角膜点染的受试者舒适度明显较低。结论:对于不同的护理液,护理液相关角膜染色发生率存在差异,但角膜浸润、眼部反应及眼部舒适度不存在差异。PHMB多功能护理液引发的角膜染色与眼部舒适度相关。

关键词：角膜点染聚六亚甲基双胍角膜接触镜多功能护理液护理液相关角膜色染

Antimicrobial effect of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i>leaf extract against pathogens causing periodontal disease

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第8期4卷 15-18页

作者： Jothi varghese Vijay Kumar Tumkur Vasudev Ballal Giliyar Subraya Bhat Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal University Manipal India Department of Periodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal University Manipal India Department of Periodontology College of Dentistry University of Dammam Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacognosy Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal University Manipal India

The oral cavity is perpetually colonized by different species of microorganisms and at times it is difficult to characterize the periodontal pathogen causing breakdown of tissue and bone. But over the years, based on scientific knowledge, it has been observed that various gram negative anaerobic bacteria have been involved with the initiation of periodontal disease. Based on literature reviews, a study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Anacardium occidentale (cashew) leaf extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Methanol and aqueous extracts of cashew leaves were prepared. Its antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was tested using the agar diffusion method at various dilutions of 75 μ, 50 μl, 25 μl, 10 μl and 5 μl respectively. 0.2% Clorhexidine gluconate (CHX) was used as control. Cultures of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia strains were maintained on Kanamycin blood agar. The agar plates were then incubated at 37?C for 72 hours after which the zone of inhibition was measured and the mean was recorded for each test solution. The results of this study demonstrated that, for both P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, the highest concentration (75 μl) of both the extracts showed maximum antimicrobial action. For P. ginigvalis, the aqueous extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity compared to the methanolic extract (p = 0.005), which was comparable to that of CHX. For P. intermedia, similar results were observed with aqueous extract being more effective compared to methanolic (p = 0.007), however, CHX was most effective compared to both the extracts (p = 0.007). This study revealed that Anacardium occidentale leaf extracts have efficient antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis & P. intermedia. Hence, this preliminary study suggests that the antimicrobial action of A. occidentale leaf could be utilized for the preparation of chemical plaque control formulations.

关键词： Agar Dilution Method A. Occidentale Leaf P. gingivalis P. intermedia Antibacterial Activity

Botulinum toxin type A for treating chronic low back pain:A double blinded randomized control study

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 119-125页

作者： Mantu Jain Shahnawaz Khan Paulson varghese Sujit Kumar Tripathy Manaswini Mangaraj Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia

BACKGROUND Low back pain(LBP)is a prevalent issue that orthopedic surgeons frequently address in the outpatient *** can arise from various causes,with stiffness in the paraspinal muscles being a notable *** administration of Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A)has been found to alleviate back pain by relaxing these stiff *** BoNT-A is approved for use in numerous conditions,a limited number of randomized clinical trials(RCTs)validate its efficacy specifically for treating *** To study the safety and the efficacy of BoNT-A in minimizing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients of chronic LBP(CLBP).METHODS In this RCT,adults aged 18-60 years with mechanical LBP persisting for at least six months were *** were allocated to either the Drug group,receiving 200 Ipsen Units(2 mL)of BoNT-A,or the Control group,which received a 2 mL *** a 2-month follow-up period,both groups were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)for pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)for disability at the start and conclusion of the study.A decrease in pain by 50%was deemed clinically *** The study followed 40 patients for two months,with 20 in each group.A clinically significant reduction in pain was observed in 36 *** was a statistically significant decrease in both VAS and ODI scores in the groups at the end of two ***,when comparing the mean score changes,only the reduction in ODI scores(15 in the placebo group vs 16.5 in the drug group,clinically insignificant)was statistically significant(P=0.012),whereas the change in mean VAS scores was not significant(P=0.45).CONCLUSION The study concludes that BoNT-A does not offer a short-term advantage over placebo in reducing pain or improving LBP scores in CLBP patients.

关键词： Botulinum toxin type A Chronic low back pain Randomized control study Double-blinded Pain management Therapeutic efficacy

A New Topology for a Single Phase Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter with Reduced Number of Components

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第4期7卷 475-488页

作者： Lijo Jacob varghese C. Kezi Selva Vijila I. Jacob Ragland Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Christian College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul Tamil Nadu India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Christian College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul Tamil Nadu India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Noorul Islam University Kumarakovil Tamil Nadu India

Multilevel inverters have gained much attention for its operation involving applications ranging values of high power rating. This paper proposes a switching topology for asymmetric multilevel inverter utilizing less number of power electronics components. When the number of the output level increases, it requires more switching states and eventually the number of switching components. The increased number of switches results in higher switching losses which may lead to power loss, and reduction of efficiency of the overall conversion system. The salient feature of this proposed topology is that the module can be used as a sub multiple level structure and can be extended for any number of level with minimal increase in the switching components.

关键词： Multilevel Inverter Asymmetrical Inverter Reduction of Components Loss Calculation Total Harmonic Distortion