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An evaluation of garlic lectin as an alternative carrier domain for insecticidal fusion proteins

Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 483-495页

作者： elaine Fitches Judith Philip Gareth Hinchliffe Leisbeth Vercruysse Nanasaheb Chougule John A. Gatehouse Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton York Y041 1LZ UK School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK

The mannose-binding lectin GNA （snowdrop lectin） is used as a＂carrier＂ domain in insecticidal fusion proteins which cross the insect gut after oral ingestion. A similar lectin from garlic bulb, ASAII, has been evaluated as an alternative ＂carrier＂. Recombinant ASAII delivered orally to larvae of cabbage moth （Mamestra brassica; Lepidoptera） was subsequently detected in haemolymph, demonstrating transport. Fusion proteins comprising an insect neurotoxin, ButaIT （Buthus tamulus insecticidal toxin; red scorpion toxin） linked to the C-terminal region of ASAII or GNA were produced as recombinant proteins （GNA/ ButaIT and ASA/ButaIT） by expression in Pichia pastoris. In both cases the C-terminal sequence of the lectin was truncated to avoid post-translational proteolysis. The GNA- containing fusion protein was toxic by injection to cabbage moth larvae （LD50≈ 250μg/g）, and when fed had a negative effect on survival and growth. It also decreased the survival of cereal aphids （Sitobion avenae; Homoptera） from neonate to adult by 〉70% when fed. In contrast, the ASA-ButaIT fusion protein was non-toxic to aphids, and had no effect on lepidopteran larvae, either when injected or when fed. However, intact ASA-ButaIT fusion protein was present in the haemolymph of cabbage moth larvae following ingestion, showing that transport of the fusion had occurred. The stabilities of GNA/ButaIT and ASA/ButaIT to proteolysis in vivo after injection or ingestion differed, and this may be a factor in determining insecticidal activities.

关键词： Allium sativum lectin ASAII gut to haemolymph transport Pichia pastoris expression system stability to proteolysis

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Inpatient use of racemic epinephrine for children admitted with croup

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第6期15卷 586-594页

作者： elaine Chiang Omar Afandi Sang Hoon Lee Srinivasan Suresh Raymond DPitetti Sriram Ramgopal Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCollege of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Emergency Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Health Informatics Department of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh PittsburghPAUSA

Background Pediatric patients with croup are frequently admitted if they require two doses of racemic epinephrine(RE)in the emergency department(ED).We aimed to identify factors associated with the need for additional therapy(>2 RE doses)among pediatric patients with *** We performed a single-center retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted from the ED with a diagnosis of croup between January 1,2011 and December 31,*** outcome was need for>2 doses of *** out-comes included time to third RE and 72-hour return *** performed logistic regression to identify factors associated with use of>2 RE doses during hospitalization,and survival analysis to identify time to dosing of 3rd RE from 2nd *** Of 353 included admissions[250(70.8%)males,median age 1.48,interquartile range 0.97-2.51 years],106/353(30.0%)required>2 *** univariate logistic regression,only recent use of steroids within 1 day prior to presentation(4.18,1.48-11.83;P=0.007)was associated with need for>2 *** from third RE was 0.74(95%CI 0.69-0.78),which was similar to the survival at 12 hours(0.70,95%CI 0.65-0.75).Return visits occurred in 19(5.4%)patients,of whom 12/19(63.2%)were given *** Patients hospitalized for croup with recent use of steroids prior to ED presentation have a greater need for>2 RE during *** majority who require inpatient RE will do so within 8-12 *** data provide informa-tion for risk stratification and duration of monitoring for patients hospitalized with croup.

关键词： Laryngotracheobronchitis Racemic epinephrine Spasmodic croup Steroids Viral croup

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ROS-Responsive Berberine Polymeric Micelles Effectively Suppressed the Inflammation of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Targeting Mitochondria

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第6期12卷 138-151页

作者： Xing-xing Fan Meng-ze Xu elaine Lai-Han Leung Cai Jun Zhen Yuan Liang Liu State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Macao Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and HealthMacao University of Science and TechnologyAvenida Wai LongTaipaMacao SARChina Faculty of Health Sciences University of MacaoTaipaMacao SARChina

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disease,which attacks human joint system and causes lifelong inflammatory *** date,no cure is available for RA and even the ratio of achieving remission is very ***,to enhance the efficacy of RA treatment,it is essential to develop novel approaches specifically targeting pathological *** this study,we discovered that RA synovial fibroblasts exhibited higher reactive oxygen species(ROS)and mitochondrial superoxide level,which were adopted to develop ROS-responsive nano-medicines in inflammatory microenvironment for enhanced RA treatment.A selenocystamine-based polymer was synthesized as a ROS-responsive carrier nanoplatform,and berberine serves as a tool *** assembling,ROS-responsive berberine polymeric micelles were fabricated,which remarkably increased the uptake of berberine in RA fibroblast and improved in vitro and in vivo efficacy ten times ***,the anti-RA effect of micelles was blocked by the co-treatment of AMPK inhibitor or palmitic acid,indicating that the mechanism of micelles was carried out through targeting mitochondrial,suppressing lipogenesis and finally inhibiting cellular *** together,our ROS-responsive nano-medicines represent an effective way of preferentially releasing prodrug at the inflammatory microenvironment and improving RA therapeutic efficacy.

关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis Reactive oxygen species Nanoparticles Berberine Oxygen consumption rate

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Human anatomy & physiology laboratory manual / Cat version; 8th ed. update.

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2006年

作者： Marieb elaine Nicpon

Includes index.

ISBN: (纸本)0805355197

Includes index.

关键词： Human physiology

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A giant step forward: chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for lymphoma

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Frontiers of Medicine 2020年第6期14卷 711-725页

作者： Houli Zhao Yiyun Wang elaine Tan Su Yin Kui Zhao Yongxian Hu He Huang Bone Marrow Transplantation Center The First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy Hangzhou 310000China Institute of Hematology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China PET-CT Center The First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China

The combination of the immunotherapy(i.e.,the use of monoclonal antibodies)and the conventional chemotherapy increases the long-term survival of patients with ***,for patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant lymphoma,a novel treatment approach is urgently *** antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cells were introduced as a treatment for these *** on recent clinical data,approximately 50%of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma achieved complete remission after receiving the CD19 CAR-T cell ***,clinical data revealed that some patients remained in remission for more than two years after the CAR-T cell *** than the CD19-targeted CAR-T,the novel target antigens,such as CD20,CD22,CD30,and CD37,which were greatly expressed on lymphoma cells,were studied under preclinical and clinical evaluations for use in the treatment of ***,the CAR-T therapy was usually associated with potentially lethal adverse effects,such as the cytokine release syndrome and the ***,optimizing the structure of CAR,creating new drugs,and combining CAR-T cell therapy with stem cell transplantation are potential solutions to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the toxicity in patients with lymphoma after the CAR-T cell therapy.

关键词： chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell lymphoma cytokine release syndrome(CRS) immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome(ICANS)

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Cancer stem cell plasticity and tumor hierarchy

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第1期7卷 27-36页

作者： Marina Carla Cabrera Robert E Hollingsworth elaine M Hurt MedImmune LLC Department of Oncology ResearchGaithersburg MD 20878 United States

The origins of the complex process of intratumoral heterogeneity have been highly debated and different cellular mechanisms have been hypothesized to account for the diversity within a tumor. The clonal evolution and cancer stem cell(CSC) models have been proposed as drivers of this heterogeneity. However, the concept of cancer stem cell plasticity and bidirectional conversion between stem and non-stem cells has added additional complexity to these highly studied paradigms and may help explain the tumor heterogeneity observed in solid tumors. The process of cancer stem cell plasticity in which cancer cel s harbor the dynamic ability of shifting from a non-CSC state to a CSC state and vice versa may be modulated by specific microenvironmental signals and cellular interactions arising in the tumor niche. In addition to promoting CSC plasticity, these interactions may contribute to the cellular transformation of tumor cells and affect response to chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments by providing CSCs protection from these agents. Herein, we review the literature in support of this dynamic CSC state, discuss the effectors of plasticity, and examine their role in the development and treatment of cancer.

关键词： Cancer stem cells Stem cell Plasticity Tumor hierarchy Microenvironment Immune-mediatedtherapies Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

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Combination of CRISPR/Cas9 System and CAR-T Cell Therapy:A New Era for Refractory and Relapsed Hematological Malignancies

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Current Medical Science 2021年第3期41卷 420-430页

作者： Ke-jia HU elaine Tan Su YIN Yong-xian HU He HUANG Bone Marrow Transplantation Center the First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy Hangzhou 310003China Institute of Hematology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems&Precision Medicine Zhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhou 310003China Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhou 311121China

Chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy is the novel treatment strategy for hematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),lymphoma and multiple ***,treatment-related toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome(CRS)and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome(ICANS)have become significant hurdles to CAR-T *** strategies were established to alter the CAR structure on the genomic level to improve efficacy and reduce ***,the innovative gene-editing technology-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease9(Cas9)system,which particularly exhibits preponderance in knock-in and knockout at specific sites,is widely utilized to manufacture CAR-T *** application of CRISPR/Cas9 to CAR-T cell therapy has shown promising clinical results with minimal *** this review,we summarized the past achievements of CRISPR/Cas9 in CAR-T therapy and focused on the potential CAR-T targets.

关键词： chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease9 gene editing immunotherapy hematologic malignancy

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The ETC program : : Skills book . . 1 , , Life skills /

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1988年

作者： ed. by elaine Kirm

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Regulation of Hedgehog signaling by ubiquitination

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第3期10卷 203-220页

作者： elaine Y. C. Hsia Yirui Gui Xiaoyan Zheng Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington DC 20037 USA

The Hedgehog （Hh） signaling pathway plays crucial roles both in embryonic development and in adult stem cell function. The timing, duration and location of Hh signaling activity need to be tightly controlled. Abnormalities of Hh signal transduction lead to birth defects or malignant tumors. Recent data point to ubiquitination-related posttranslational modifications of several key Hh pathway components as an important mechanism of regulation of the Hh pathway. Here we review how ubiquitination regulates the localization, stability and activity of the key Hh signaling components.

关键词： Hedgehog signaling ubiquitination

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Canadian nurse practitioner's quest for identity:A philosophical perspective

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2018年第2期5卷 110-114页

作者： Marie-elaine Delvin Suzanne Braithwaite Pilar Camargo Plazas School of Nursing Queen's University82 Barrie StreetKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada

The role of nurse practitioners in primary healthcare has been validated over the years and is now being considered as a key solution in various primary healthcare settings to the provision of comprehensive *** context in which the role has been established positions nurse practitioners'practice within medical and nursing *** the healthcare system evolves,nurse practitioners must define their identity to advocate for roles that reflect their professional values.A historical overview highlighting the context in which the NP role expanded will guide a philosophical discussion regarding role *** exposing tensions between the nursing and medicine disciplines,Abbots'theory of profession will be utilized to understand the foundations leading to initial research on nurse practitioner integration within the healthcare *** philosopher bell hooks'discourse on marginality will serve as a platform to reflect on the nurse practitioner identity within the current social ***'s notions of governmentality,parrhesia and care of the self will then guide reflections regarding ways for nurse practitioners to locate themselves as a profession.

关键词： Feminist Foucault Nurse practitioner Role Social justice

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