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THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第3期8卷 387-399页

作者： Eric JUSTES Laurent BEDOUSSAC Christos DORDAS ela frak Gaetan LOUARN Simon BOUDSOCQ Etienne-Pascal JOURNET Anastasios LITHOURGIDIS Chrysanthi PANKOU Chaochun ZHANG Georg CARLSSON Erik Steen JENSEN Christine WATSON Long LI CIRAD Persyst Department34398 MontpellierFrance AGIR Univ ToulouseENSFEAINRAECastanet-TolosanFrance School of Agriculture Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece INRAE UR4URP3F86600 LusignanFrance INRAE UMR Eco&Sols34398 MontpellierFrance AGIR Univ ToulouseINRAECastanet-TolosanFrance LIPM Univ ToulouseCNRSCastanet-TolosanFrance China Agriculture University(CAU) Beijing 100193China Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences(SLU) AlnarpSweden Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC) AberdeenUK

Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological,resilient and sustainable farming *** key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume *** mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole *** mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition,Complementarity,Cooperation,and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping *** is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time,the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources(e.g.,nutrients,water,space,light)than *** is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space,time or *** is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s).Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s)because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic *** 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.

关键词： compensation competition complementarity cooperation interspecific interactions land equivalent ratio light nutrients species mixtures water

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Oncologic outcomes with and without amniotic membranes in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy:A propensity score matched analysis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 19-25页

作者： Jonathan Noël Daniel Stirt Marcio Covas Moschovas Sunil Reddy Abdel Rahman Jaber Marco Sandri Seetharam Bhat Travis Rogers Subuhee Ahmed Anya Mascarenhas ela Patel Vipul Patel Advent Health Global Robotics Institute CelebrationFLUSA University of Central Florida College of Medicine OrlandoFLUSA Big and Open Data Innovation Laboratory University of BresciaItaly SUNY Upstate Medical University SyracuseNYUSA Kansas City University College of Medicine Kansas CityMOUSA Harvard University CambridgeMAUSA

Objective:Placement of human placenta derived grafts during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)hastens the return of continence and *** long-term impact on the oncologic outcomes remains to be *** objective was to determine the oncologic outcomes of patients with dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane(dHACM)at RARP compared to a matched ***:In a referral centre,from August 2013 to October 2019,599 patients used dHACM in bilateral nerve-sparing *** excluded patients with less than 12 months follow-up,simple prostatectomy,and unilateral *** with dHACM(amnio group)were 529,and were propensity score matched 1:1 to 2465 patients without dHACM(non-amnio group)and a minimum follow-up of 36 *** the time of RARP,dHACM was placed around the neurovascular bundle in the amnio *** and categorical variables in matched groups was tested by two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Fisher's exact test *** measured were biochemical recurrence(BCR),adjuvant and salvage therapy ***:Propensity score matching resulted in two groups of 444 *** incidence functions for BCR did not show a difference between the groups(p=0.3).Patients in the non-amnio group required salvage therapy more frequently than the amnio group,particularly after partial nerve-sparing RARP(6.3%vs.2.3%,p=0.001).Limitations are the absence of prospective ***:The data suggest that using dHACM does not have a negative impact on BCR in *** of cancer specific and overall survival will require follow-up study to increase our understanding of these grafts’impact on prostate cancer biology.

关键词： Prostatectomy Prostatecancer Robotic Oncology Outcome Allograft Biomaterial Dehydrated human amnionchorion membrane

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Thoracoscopy in Cameroon: Indications, Technics and Short Term Results

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 278-288页

作者： Guy Aristide Bang Richard II Mbele Fabrice Stephane Arroye Betou Arlette Joelle Moukitek Banaken Amos Bella ela Charles Mve Mvondo Arthur Essomba Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaound&#233 I University Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Yaound&#233 Teaching Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon General Surgery Service Mvog-Ada District Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Yaound&#233 General Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Cardiac Center Shisong St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital Shisong Kumbo Cameroon

Introduction: Thoracoscopy is a video-assisted surgical approach that mirrors the techniques used in thoracotomy. Our aim is to map the current state of thoracoscopy practice in Cameroon’s hospitals. Methods: This was a descriptive study that collected both retrospective and prospective data over 57 months across four hospitals in Cameroon. It included 13 patients and focused on variables such as socio-demographic factors, clinical profiles, surgical procedures, and postoperative follow-up. Results: Thirteen patients, predominantly male (84.6%, n = 11), with a mean age of 37.5 ± 16 years, were enrolled. Alcohol use (61.5%) and smoking (38.5%) were the most common past histories. The major complaints were dyspnea (84.6%) and chest pain (58.3%). The primary surgical procedure was clot-free thoracoscopy in 30.8% of cases, mainly for persistent hemothorax (41.8%). Most surgeries were elective (76.9%) and performed under general anesthesia with selective intubation (61.5%). The most common approach was single-port thoracoscopy (U-VATS) (76.9%), with no reported difficulties;however, one intraoperative incident occurred and was successfully treated. Drainage was performed systematically in all patients, and one case required conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications were minor (Clavien-Dindo grade I) and mainly consisted of pain, with a mortality rate of 15.4%. No significant association was found between risk factors and the occurrence of complications or postoperative mortality. Conclusion: Thoracoscopy, a novel approach in our context, primarily focuses on minor thoracic surgeries.

关键词： Thoracoscopy Single-Port Hemothorax Cameroon

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Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 346-368页

作者： Armand Ndedy Bile Alain Mpouam Benoit Fouadjio Lorette Guedeu Kambale Muhesi Steve Tassiamba Paulette Kouam Eric Wete Marius ela Michèle Yimga Joseph Ambara Louis Aimé Fono Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Wood and Forest Sciences ISABEE University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biology and Plant Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Deutsche Gresellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) Bertoua Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

关键词： Prunus africana Prostate Quota Mass Model Sustainable Management

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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Impact of the injected water salinity on oil recovery from sandstone formations:Application in an Egyptian oil reservoir

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Petroleum 2022年第1期8卷 53-65页

作者： M.Fouad Snosy Mahmoud Abu El ela Ahmed El-Banbi Helmy Sayyouh General Petroleum Company Egypt Cairo University Egypt The American University in Cairo Egypt

In the last decade,there has been an increasing interest in understanding the effects of changing injected water salinity on the performance of oil *** paper aims to investigate the effects of injected water salinity on oil recovery of an Egyptian oil reservoir(Bahariya formation).An experimental work program has been performed using 25 core plugs and 5 different water salinities to study the effects of changing water salinity during both secondary and tertiary stages of *** objectives of the experimental work were to(1)investigate the effects of the low water salinity on oil recovery and(2)identify the optimum water salinity and the main reservoir parameters for application of low salinity waterflooding project(LSWF)in Bahariya *** results revealed that there is an optimum salinity for waterflooding in the secondary flooding ***,for the tertiary flooding stage,the results showed that the controlling factor is not decreasing the salinity,but rather changing the salinity(*** increasing or decreasing).It was also clear that applying the optimum salinity in the secondary recovery stage is more effective than applying it in the tertiary recovery ***,the results showed that the positive impact of LSWF may be expected in reservoirs with high amount of kaolinite,high values of CEC,and low amounts of plagioclase *** study is an original contribution to develop guidelines for designing optimum salinity waterflooding projects in sandstone reservoirs.

关键词： Low salinity Waterflooding LSWF Sandstone Bahariya formation Western desert

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Role of the injected water salinity and ion concentrations on the oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs

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Petroleum Research 2022年第3期7卷 394-400页

作者： M.Fouad Snosy Mahmoud Abu El ela Ahmed El-Banbi Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineer General Petroleum CompanyEgypt Professor of Petroleum Engineering Cairo UniversityEgypt Professor of Petroleum Engineering The American University in CairoEgypt

Low salinity water flooding(LSWF)was initially considered using water with a low concentration of dissolved salts and was later extended to include modifying the ionic content of injected *** work investigates the effects of changing water salinity and composition along with the concentration of sulfate and iodide ions on oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs during the tertiary recovery *** experimental study was carried out using crude oil of 29°API,8 core samples extracted from the Eocene carbonate reservoir(Egypt),and 6 different water *** results showed additional oil recovery up to 5%of the original oil in place(OOIP)in the tertiary recovery stage with changing water salinity and water *** of high salinity(HS)and low salinity(LS)brines with high sulfate concentrations increased the incremental oil recovery by a value ranging from 1.7 to 3.8%of the *** the contrary,injection of HS and LS brines with low sulfate concentrations showed insignificant incremental oil recovery(less than 1%of the OOIP).Furthermore,injection of water with potassium iodide(KI)after injection of water with high sulfate brines showed additional oil recovery of about 1.7%of the *** the other hand,injection of water with KI after injection of water with low sulfate concentration showed insignificant incremental oil recovery(less than 0.4%of the OOIP).The concentration of sulfate in the injected water appeared to be key parameter to achieve effective waterflooding(WF)projects in carbonate ***,the results revealed that the multi-component ion exchange(MIE)mechanism seems to be the primary recovery mechanism for LSWF in carbonate *** results and conclusions of this study can be used to develop guidelines for designing waterflooding projects in carbonate reservoirs with optimum salinity.

关键词： Low salinity waterflooding Carbonate reservoirs Waterflooding LSWF

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Case studies in psychotherapy training using Austria as an example

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第13期8卷 2787-2801页

作者： ela Neidhart Henriette Löffler-Stastka Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy and Teaching Center–Postgraduate UnitMedical University of Vienna/General Hospital of ViennaVienna 1090Austria

BACKGROUND Case studies(CS)are relevant for the development of theoretical and practical competencies in *** rapid progress in the development of methods and principles for establishing CS in the last three decades,research into the aims of CS,especially in training,or how CS are to be conducted is *** To elucidate the form and methodology of CS,the objectives of CS used in training institutions(TI),and if/how TIs handle therapist ***,this preliminary investigation will suggest avenues for further research and attempt to establish certain *** In order to counteract researcher bias and enlarge the question-pool,a focus group was *** recorded and transcribed text was analyzed with Mayring’s method of qualitative content analysis,and the generated categories were formulated as *** resulting questionnaire with both qualitative and quantitative queries was sent out(after pre-testing)to all 39 Austrian TIs that provide professional psychotherapy *** answers and text passages received were then also categorized with qualitative content *** analysis was discussed by a peer group consisting of three psychotherapists trained in differing schools of psychotherapeutic *** 94%of Austrian institutes use CS as part of their psychotherapeutic *** of the term“case study”is inconsistent and has a wide variety of *** serve mainly:(1)For observation of training/progress in therapeutic practice and knowledge/acquisition of the theory specific to each psychotherapeutic school;(2)To improve(self-)reflection capabilities;and(3)To expand theoretical *** of the CS written are not accessible for students nor for the research *** than two thirds of the CS take only the position of the author into account(the client’s position is not described).15.5%of the TIs do not consider researcher or therapist allegiance at *** A more pre

关键词： Case study Psychotherapy training Case study research Therapist allegiance Researcher bias

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Exploration of nature-based biomimetic approach in landscape architectural design: parametric study of candelabra model design

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2020年第1期3卷 278-288页

作者： Biljana S.Jović Anđela D.Mitić Department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of BelgradeBelgrade 11000Serbia

This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell *** design process described in this research contains two steps:biological and *** the first biological step,a proper model for the creation of an urban element was found from nature in a Bell flower(Campanula persicifolia L.).The upper leaves of the selected plant,which are small with a linear spear and sharpening at the top,were chosen for the modeling *** second step included applying two geometrical methods,i.e.,Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulation.A geometrical leaf form of the selected plant species and the modeling process were obtained using aparametric modeling software,*** different Blender plug-ins and modifiers,Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram were implemented by marking the starting points on the leaf form in the image data source,adjusting the Delaunay triangulation parameters,and creating Voronoi diagrams in which the Voronoi points were located at the shortest distance from the edges of the Voronoi ***,a three dimensional model of a candelabra was developed through this study.

关键词： Biomimetic approach Landscape architectural design Parametric study Blender software Three dimensional model of candelabra

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Evolutionary stable strategies for business innovation and knowledge transfer

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2019年第3期3卷 55-70页

作者： ela Ozkan-Canbolat Aydin Beraha Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of Business AdministrationCankiri Karatekin UniversityUluyaziCankiri 18100Turkey Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of International TradeCankiri Karatekin UniversityUluyaziCankiri 18100Turkey

Evolutionary game theory expands into a number of areas that go beyond the biological concept of evolution to include sociology,economics,and business *** networks determine definite interactions between individuals in social *** common nature of these two broad areas of research generates interest in applying the approaches of evolutionary game theory to social network-based *** transfer that occurs in the process of social interaction improves a company's innovation *** paper attempts to explore ways in which networks relate to knowledge transfer on the basis of evolutionary game *** offer a simple mathematical model to examine the interaction of knowledge transfer and actor behavior in games of coordination.

关键词： Evolutionary game theory Social networks Knowledge transfer Company innovation capability

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