检索结果-南通市图书馆

Thermodynamic analysis, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: Study of its effect on pretreated rice husk

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第8期60卷 143-154页

作者： eileen Katherine Coronado-Aldana Cindy Lizeth Ferreira-Salazar nubia Yineth Piñeros-Castro Rubén Vázquez-Medina Felipe A.Perdomo Universidad de BogotáJorge Tadeo Lozano Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IngenieríaCra.422-61CundinamarcaBogotáColombia Instituto Politecnico nacional CICATA QueretaroCerro Blanco 141Colinas del Cimatario76090 QueretaroMexico School of Engineering University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FBUnited Kingdom

This work is focused on the determination of the optimal reaction conditions to synthesize the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([EMIM][Cl]) and assess its suitability for the pretreatment of rice husk. The modified UnIFAC(UnIversal quasi-chemical Functional-group Activity Coefficients)approach for ionic liquids is used to develop a thermodynamic model that describes the reactive system methylimidazole(MIM), chloroethane(C_(2)H_(5)Cl) and [EMIM][Cl]. The model allows to study the phase equilibria coexistence(vapor–liquid equilibria and solid–liquid equilibria) and yields the theoretically optimal conditions to synthesize the ionic liquid. The model predictions are validated with the available experimental and reported data. By implementing the developed model, a simple way to synthesize ionic liquid [EMIM][Cl] was found allowing to study its influence on the structure and morphology of pretreated rice husk. The lignocellulosic materials involved in this study are characterized by their composition, enzymatic digestibility, scanning electron microscopy, and crystallinity. Compared to untreated material, [EMIM][Cl]-pretreated rice husk produces cellulose that can be efficiently enzymatic hydrolyzed with high sugar yields. This work offers a suitable methodology to include the synthesis and thermodynamics of the solvent media within the design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment.

关键词： Ionic liquids Fluid-phase equilibria Thermodynamics Waste treatment UnIFAC approach

Intense widely controlled terahertz radiation from laser-driven wires

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第4期8卷 1-15页

作者： n.Bukharskiia ph.Korneev national Research nuclear University MEphI 31 Kashirskoe shosse115409 MoscowRussian Federation

Irradiation of a thin metallic wire with an intense femtosecond laser pulse creates a strong discharge wave that travels as a narrow pulse along the wire *** traveling discharge efficiently emits secondary radiation with spectral characteristics that are mostly defined by the wire *** examples of designs are considered here in the context of generation of intense terahertz radiation with controllable characteristics for various scientific and technological *** proposed setup may be easily realized,and it has the merits of robustness,versatility,and high conversion efficiency(reaching several percent)of laser energy to terahertz radiation.

关键词： laser intense characteristics

Wood-derived freestanding integrated electrode with robust interface-coupling effect boosted bifunctionality for rechargeable zinc-air batteries

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Green Energy & Environment 2024年第12期9卷 1835-1846页

作者： Benji Zhou nengneng Xu Liangcai Wu Dongqing Cai eileen HYu Jinli Qiao State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Environmental Science and EngineeringDonghua University2999 Ren'min North RoadShanghai201620China College of Science Donghua University2999 Ren'min North RoadShanghai201620China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security 1515 North Zhongshan RoadShanghai200092China Department of Chemical Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK

Fabricating non-noble metal-based carbon air electrodes with highly efficient bifunctionality is big challenge owing to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction/evolution reaction(ORR/OER).The efficient cathode catalyst is urgently needed to further improve the performance of rechargeable zinc-air ***,an activation-doping assisted interface modification strategy is demonstrated based on freestanding integrated carbon composite(ConiLDH@nPC)composed of wood-based n and P doped active carbon(nPC)and Coni layer double hydroxides(ConiLDH).In the light of its large specific surface area and unique defective structure,ConiLDH@nPC with strong interfacecoupling effect in 2D-3D micro-nanostructure exhibits outstanding *** carbon composites show half-wave potential of 0.85 V for ORR,overpotential of 320 mV with current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) for OER,and ultra-low gap of 0.70 ***,highly-ordered open channels of wood provide enormous space to form abundant triple-phase boundary for accelerating the catalytic ***,zinc-air batteries using ConiLDH@nPC show high power density(aqueous:263 mW cm^(-2),quasi-solid-state:65.8 mW cm^(-2))and long-term stability(aqueous:500 h,quasi-solid-state:120 h).This integrated protocol opens a new avenue for the rational design of efficient freestanding air electrode from biomass resources.

关键词： Wood biomass Bifunctional air electrode Freestanding carbon composite Interface-coupling effect Zinc-air battery

Functional attributes of two subtropical shrubs and implications for the distribution and management of endangered bird habitat

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 578-592页

作者： Genie M.Fleming Joseph M.Wunderle Jr David n.Ewert Joseph J.O’Brien eileen H.Helmer Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation PO Box 362495San JuanPR 00936USA International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest ServiceSabana Field Research StationHC 02 Box 6205LuquilloPR 00773-1377USA The nature Conservancy 101 East Grand RiverLansingMI 48906USA Center for Forest Disturbance Science USDA Forest Service320 Green StAthensGA 30602USA

Aims The fruits of Erithalis fruticosa *** Lantana involucrata *** important in the diet of u federally endangered Kirtland’s Warblers(Setophaga kirtlandii)wintering in the bahamas *** two shrubs occur in tropical and subtropical dry forests,including forests that have been subjected to recent *** their importance to the endangered warbler,the disturbance ecology of these shrubs is poorly *** sought to determine,based on functional characteristics of the plants,whether their presence is favored by a particular type or regime of *** We used data from field experiments(seed broadcasting and shrub cutting)conducted on the island of Eleuthera,The bahamas to determine mechanisms of and conditions favoring establishment and persistence(‘vital attributes’)of *** and ***,which enabled categorization according to the plant functional types defined by noble and slatyer(1980).We then compared hypothesized distributions of these plant functional types among different anthropogenic disturbance regimes to observed distribu-tions of *** and *** in order to identify distur-bance regimes most likely to produce habitat used by Kirtland’s *** Findings *** and *** were functionally categorized as widely dispersed but largely shade intolerant species capable of establishing or regenerating individuals after disturbance via both seeds and vegetative *** hypothesized and observed distribution patterns indicated the shrubs were favored by a regime of frequent disturbance producing open canopy and ground *** the anthropogenic disturbances we examined,areas of large-scale land clearing combined with subsequent goat graz-ing most often supported *** and ***,while the shrubs were relatively rare in burned *** the plant functional type framework in combination with field data to evaluate predictions of species occur

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance black torch plant functional type vital attributes wild sage

Behavioural and energetic consequences of competition among three overwintering swan(Cygnus spp.)species

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 707-721页

作者： Kevin A.Wood Julia L.newth Geoff M.Hilton eileen C.Rees Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUnited Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Conservation/Environment and Sustainabil-ity Institute College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter TR109EZUnited Kingdom Department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUnited Kingdom

Background:Winter numbers of the northwest European population of Bewick's Swans(Cygnus columbianus bewickii)declined recently by c.40%.During the same period,numbers of two sympatric and ecologically-similar congeners,the Mute Swan(Cygnus olor)and Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus)showed increases or *** has been suggested that these opposing population trends could have a causal relationship,as Mute and Whooper Swans are larger and competitively dominant to Bewick's Swans in foraging *** so,effects of competition of Mute and Whooper Swans on Bewick's Swans should be detectable as measurable impacts on behaviour and ***:Here,we studied the diurnal behaviour and energetics of 1083 focal adults and first-winter juveniles("cygnets")of the three swan species on their winter grounds in eastern *** analysed video recordings to derive time-activity budgets and these,together with estimates of energy gain and expenditure,were analysed to determine whether individual Bewick's Swans altered the time spent on key behaviours when sharing feeding habitat with other swan species,and any consequences for their energy expenditure and net energy ***:All three swan species spent a small proportion of their total time(0.011)on aggressive interactions,and these were predominantly intraspecific(≥0.714).Mixed-effects models indicated that sharing feeding habitat with higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans increased the likelihood of engaging in aggression for cygnet Bewick's Swans,but not for *** levels of interspecific competition decreased the time spent by Bewick's Swan cygnets on foraging,whilst adults showed the opposite *** among low densities of conspecifics(ndividuals/km^(2)),individual Bewick's Swans spent more time on vigilance in the presence of higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans,whilst individuals within higher density Bewick's Swan flocks showed the opposite ***,we found no evide

关键词： Avian behaviour Energy expenditure Ethology Interference competition Interspecific interactions Time activity budgets Video observations

Selective conversion of CO_(2)to CO using earth abundant tin modified copper gas diffusion electrodes

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Materials Reports(Energy) 2023年第2期3卷 154-163,I0004页

作者： Preetam K.Sharma Shahid Rasul Da Li eileen H.Yu Department of Chemical Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria UniversityEllison PlNewcastle Upon TyneNE18STUK State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150090China

Earth-abundant copper-tin(CuSn)electrocatalysts are potential candidates for cost-effective and sustainable production of CO from electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction(eCO_(2)R).However,the requirement of highoverpotential for obtaining reasonable current,low Faradaic efficiencies(FE)and low intrinsic catalytic activities require the optimisation of the CuSn nanoarchitecture for the further advancement in the *** the current work,we have optimised Sn loading on Cu gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)by electrochemical spontaneous *** with various Sn loadings were tested in a three-chamber GDE reactor to evaluate their CO_(2)reduction *** best performance of 92%CO Faradaic efficiency at a cathodic current density of 120 mA cm^(-2)was obtained from the 20 min Sn deposited Cu_(2)O sample operated at-1.13 V *** electrocatalyst had~13%surface coverage of Sn on Cu GDE surface,and had Sn in oxide form and copper in metallic *** catalyst also showed stable performance and was operable for>3 h under chronoamperometric *** surface of the GDE reduces from Cu2O to Cu during eCO_(2)R and goes further reconstruction during the eCO_(2)*** study demonstrates the potential of Cu-Sn for selective CO production at high current densities.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Cu-Sn binary Catalyst Optimising loading Selective CO production Surface reconstruction

Effects of differently polarized microwave radiation on the microscopic structure of the nuclei in human fibroblasts

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第10期11卷 801-805页

作者： Yuriy G.SHCKORBATOV Vladimir n.PASIUGA Elena I.GOnCHARUK Tatiana ph.PETREnKO Valentin A.GRABInA nicolay n.KOLCHIGIn Dmitry D.IVAnCHEnKO Victor n.BYKOV Oleksandr M.DUMIn Kharkiv national University Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

To investigate the influence of microwave radiation on the human fibroblast nuclei,the effects of three variants of electromagnetic wave polarization,linear and left-handed and right-handed elliptically polarized,were *** conditions were:frequency(f) 36.65 GHz,power density(P) at the surface of exposed object 1,10,30,and 100 μW/cm2,exposure time 10 *** fibroblasts growing in a monolayer on a cover slide were exposed to microwave electromagnetic *** layer of medium that covered cells during microwave exposure was about 1 mm *** were stained immediately after irradiation by 2%(w/v) orcein solution in 45%(w/v) acetic *** were made at room temperature(25 °C),and control cell samples were processed in the same *** assessed heterochromatin granule quantity(HGQ) at 600× *** irradiation at the intensity of 1 μW/cm2 produced no effect,and irradiation at the intensities of 10 and 100 μW/cm2 induced an increase in *** intense irradiation induced more chromatin *** right-handed elliptically polarized radiation revealed more biological activity than the left-handed polarized one.

关键词： Human cells Chromatin Heterochromatin Electromagnetic field Elliptical polarization

nOTE On phYSIOGRAphY OF nORTHERn SZECHUAn AnD SOUTHERn KAnSU

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

地理学报 1942年 103-111页

作者： M.n.JEn ph.D. national Chekiang University national Chekiang University Prof

The Present paper is an outcome of a trip to northern Szechuan and Southern Kansu in July-October, 1941. Briefly speaking, the region under consideration is limited by Lanehow on thc north, nuikiang on the south and ... 详细信息

关键词： In nOTE On phYSIOGRAphY OF nORTHERn SZECHUAn AnD SOUTHERn KAnSU

THE InFLUEnCE OF JOInTS On THE DETAILED SCULPTURE OF LAnDFORMS:A STUDY In MICROGEOMORphOLOGY

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

地理学报 1940年 130-138页

作者： M.n.JEn ph.D national Chekiang University

The present landforms may be expressed as a function of structure, proceesand stage. It is admittedly true that in most regions, stage and process areperhaps of more importance in determining the main outline of lands... 详细信息

关键词： In rock THE InFLUEnCE OF JOInTS On THE DETAILED SCULPTURE OF LAnDFORMS