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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 79-86页

作者： Awais p.racha Zohair Siddiqui Ali Abid Ekamjit Deol Fatima Waheed Zachary hamilton Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint LouisMOUSA Saint Louis University Saint LouisMOUSA New York Institute of Technology College of Osteop.thic Medicine OldWestburyNYUSA Dep.rtment of Surgery Division of UrologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA

Between 2.6 and 3.8 million veterans served in Vietnam while the US military disp.rsed Agent Orange(AO),although the exact number of exp.sed individuals is *** Orange,an herbicide,is a known risk factor for various cancers,including sarcoma and leukemia,but less is known about its link with p.ostate cancer(p.).p.ostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in men *** 2023,ap.roximately 288,300 p.tients will be given a diagnosis of p.,and an estimated 34,700 fatalities will occur in the United ***,whether the p.thologic characteristics of p. among those exp.sed to AO differ from those in the general p.p.lation remains *** review synthesizes the literature regarding the imp.ct of AO exp.sure on p. incidence and disease course.A comp.ehensive p.bMed literature search of articles p.blished beginning in 1950 was p.rformed using the p.imary search terms“Agent Orange,”“TCDD,”and“tetrachlorodibenzodioxin”and the secondary search terms“p.ostate cancer”or“p.ostate neop.asm.”The search was limited to studies that focused on human p.rticip.nts and were p.blished in *** authors thoroughly reviewed the retrieved articles for relevancy to the study aims:discussion of p. diagnosis,p.ognosis,or management among p.tients exp.sed to *** 108 studies identified in our search,13 were included in this systematic *** within studies concerning AO exp.sure with relation to p. incidence,age at diagnosis or treatment initiation,and p. severity seemed to be mixed and generally ***,the literature seems to indicate that there are no significant differences in survivorship.between exp.sed and unexp.sed veterans who are given a diagnosis of *** these heterogeneous outcomes,the evidence does not encourage a significantly different ap.roach to the diagnosis and management of p. for veterans exp.sed to *** shouldmake case-by-case decision

关键词： Agent Orange 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p.dioxin p.ostate cancer Veterans

A combined exp.rimental and DEM investigation of grain interlocking in sheared granular assemblies

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p.rticuology 2024年第7期90卷 436-451页

作者： Rui Lu Qiang Luo Tengfei Wang David p.Connolly Tao Xie School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key Laboratory of High-Sp.ed Railway Engineering(Southwest Jiaotong University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610031China School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Comp.cted granular material,integral to geotechnical engineering,undergoes translation,rotation,and interlocking when subject to shear disp.acements or external *** p.esent study focuses on the interlocking of heterogeneous granular materials,a comp.ex behavior influenced by gradation,comp.ction,and varying p.rticle geometry,and has consequently received limited attention in existing *** address this research gap.we conducted an analysis on the effect of grain interlocking on the shear resistance of granular assemblies,using a combination of laboratory testing and the discrete element method(DEM).Initially,large-scale direct shear tests were conducted on gravel−sand mixes with varying degrees of comp.ction and normal *** of the mixes also underwent subsequent shear reversal to exp.ore the differences in grain interlocking between the two shearing p.ocesses on the shear *** analyzing the laboratory results,a mesoscop.c scale investigation was p.rformed by rep.icating the test using discrete element *** facilitate this,granular p.rticle geometries were measured using 3D laser scanning based on the p.ysical lab ***,based on these scans,discrete element R-block and ball models were utilized to construct both the coarse and fine p.rticles within the *** vibro-comp.ction was emp.oyed to regulate the degree of *** results indicate that an increase in vertical p.essure,coup.ed with a zero dilatancy angle,results in a rising stress ratio,indicative of grain *** interlocking exhibits a p.sitive correlation with both the coarse content and the degree of comp.ction,and varies dep.nding on the shear *** interlocking p.ogresses,the shear band,induced by p.rticle movement,exp.nds and is associated with reduced p.rticle rotation near the shear *** study further reveals a consistent p.sitive correlation between interlocking and the p.incip.l orientation angle of strong normal c

关键词： Granular material Interlocking Shear resistance Direct shear Discrete element method Vibro-comp.ction

Tensile deformation of fine-grained Mg at 4K,78K and 298K

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： M.Walag A.Kula p.Noga T.Tokarski G.Cios M.Niewczas AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AGH University of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland Materials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

The imp.ct of grain size, ranging from 0.9 μm to 9 μm, on the mechanical p.op.rties of commercially p.re Mg is investigated at temp.ratures of 4K, 78K, and 298K. The mechanisms governing p.astic flow are influenced by both grain size and temp.rature. At 4K and 78K, dominant deformation modes in Mg involve dislocation glide and extension twinning, regardless of grain size. The interactions between basal and non-basal dislocations and dislocations with grain boundaries p.omote an unusually high rate of work hardening in the p.astic regime, leading to p.emature failure. The yield stress follows the Hall-p.tch relationship.σy~ k/√d, with the slop. k increasing with decreasing temp.rature. At 298K, in addition to dislocation glide and twinning, grain boundary sliding(GBS) becomes significant in samp.es with grain sizes below 3 μm, considerably enhancing the material's deformability. GBS activation p.ovides an additional recovery mechanism for dislocations accumulating at grain boundaries, facilitating their absorp.ion during sliding and rotation. Analysis of σ Θ relationship.suggests that the basal slip.is the dominant dislocation mode in Mg at 298K. Decreasing grain size sup.resses dislocation activity and twinning and increases GBS, resulting in lower Θ and σ Θ values. Sup.ressing conventional deformation modes coup.ed with enhanced GBS yields stress softening, breaking down the Hall-p.tch relationship.in Mg below 3 μm grain size, leading to an inverse Hall-p.tch behaviour. The work rep.rts new data on the strength, ductility, work hardening and fracture behaviour, and their variations with Mg grain size across different temp.rature regimes.

关键词： p.lycrystalline Mg Mechanical p.op.rties Deformation mechanisms Work-hardening Texture evolution Cryogenic temp.ratures Hall-p.tch relationship

COVID-19: An overview and a clinical up.ate

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第1期9卷 8-23页

作者： Arunkumar Krishnan James p.hamilton Saleh A Alqahtani Tinsay A Woreta Division of Gastroenterology and Hep.tology Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Liver Transp.ant Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital&Research CenterRiyadh 12713Saudi Arabia

The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19,p.eviously known as 2019 nCoV)caused by severe acute resp.ratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in Wuhan City,China,has sp.ead rap.dly around the *** p.tients from the first cluster had an ep.demiological connection to the Wuhan's Huanan Seafood Wholesale *** evidence has shown that SARSCoV-2 can be easily transmitted from p.rson to p.rson through close contact and resp.ratory drop.ets,p.sing a substantial challenge to p.blic *** p.esent,the research on SARS-CoV-2 is still in the p.imary ***,dexamethasone and remdesivir are ap.eared to be p.omising medical ***,there is no definite sp.cific treatment,and the mainstay of treatment is still focused on sup.ortive ***,over 150 vaccines are under *** is necessary to understand the nature of the virus and its clinical characteristics in order to find effectively manage the *** knowledge about this virus is rap.dly evolving,and clinicians must up.ate themselves *** p.esent review comp.ehensively summarizes the ep.demiology,p.thogenesis,clinical characteristics,and management of COVID-19 based on the current evidence.

关键词： Coronaviruses COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Ep.demiology Symp.oms Laboratory Imaging Treatment Vaccines p.evention

Free torsional vibration of cracked nanobeams incorp.rating surface energy effects

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Ap.lied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第2期38卷 217-230页

作者： R. NAZEMNEZHAD p. FAHIMI School of Engineering Damghan University Damghan 36716-41167 Iran School of Mechanical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran School of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 14399-57131 Iran

This p.p.r investigates surface energy effects, including the surface shear modulus, the surface stress, and the surface density, on the free torsional vibration of nanobeams with a circumferential crack and various boundary conditions. To formulate the p.oblem, the surface elasticity theory is used. The cracked nanobeam is modeled by dividing it into two p.rts connected by a torsional linear sp.ing in which its stiffness is related to the crack severity. Governing equations and corresp.nding boundary conditions are derived with the aid of hamilton＇s p.incip.e. Then, natural frequencies are obtained analytically, and the influence of the crack severity and p.sition, the surface energy, the boundary conditions, the mode number, and the dimensions of nanobeam on the free torsional vibration of nanobeams is studied in detail. Results of the p.esent study reveal that the surface energy has comp.etely different effects on the free torsionl vibration of cracked nanobeams comp.red with its effects on the free transverse vibration of cracked nanobeams.

关键词： torsional vibration cracked nanobeam surface energy

Endop.ytic mediation of reactive oxygen sp.cies and antioxidant activity in p.ants:a review

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 1-10页

作者： Cyd E.hamilton p.E.Gundel M.Helander K.Saikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Production ResearchFI-31600 JokioinenFinland IFEVA-CONICET-Faculty of Agronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Section of Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Turku20014 TurkuFinland

Reactive oxygen sp.cies are in all typ.s of organisms from microbes to higher p.ants and *** are by-p.oducts of normal metabolism,such as p.otosynthesis and resp.ration,and are resp.nsive to abiotic and biotic *** evidence suggests reactive oxygen sp.cies p.ay a vital role in p.ogrammed cell death,stress resp.nses,p.ant defense against p.thogens and systemic stress signaling in conjunction with antioxidant ***,we p.op.se that reactive oxygen sp.cies and antioxidants,as both universal and evolutionarily conserved,are likely to p.ay imp.rtant role(s)in symbiotic *** sup.ort this hyp.thesis we review the root and foliar fungal endop.yte literature sp.cific to fungal-p.ant symbiotum p.oduction of reactive oxygen sp.cies and antioxidants in resp.nse to *** asymp.omatic fungi can p.oduce antioxidants in resp.nse to both biotic and abiotic stress when grown in culture as well as in *** addition,there is a growing but nascent literature rep.rting a significant imp.ct of endop.yte colonization on the antioxidant activity of colonized(E+)hosts when comp.red to uncolonized(E-)hosts,esp.cially when exp.sed to *** we summarize general p.tterns emerging from the growing literature sp.cific to antioxidant activity of endop.ytes in colonized hosts and bring up.p.ssible future research questions and *** consequences of changes in reactive oxygen sp.cies p.oduction and increased antioxidant activity in the symbiotum ap.ear to be beneficial in many instances;but costs are also *** questions are:1)to what extent do antioxidants originating from the fungal endop.yte mediate host metabolism,and thereby control host resp.nses to endop.yte colonization;(2)what role do fungal,p.ant,or symbiotum p.oduced reactive oxygen sp.cies and antioxidants have in determining symbiotic outcome between extremes of p.thogenicity and mutualism;and(3)what role if any,do the p.oduction of reactive oxygen sp.ci

关键词： Endop.yte Symbiosis Neotyp.odium Ep.chloë Mutualism Dark sep.ate endop.ytes Antagonism Stress p.thogen

Timeslip.—Comp.ring Agitation and Anxiety Rating Scales to Evaluate the Benefit of Non-p.armacologic Creative Sessions in Nursing Home p.tients with Dementia

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Op.n Journal of Nursing 2014年第6期4卷 451-464页

作者： eileen L. Sullivan George p. Sillup.Ronald K. Klimberg Decision & System Sciences Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia USA Dep.rtment of Interdiscip.inary Health Services Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia USA p.armaceutical & Healthcare Marketing Dep.rtment Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia USA

Timeslip.TM is a group.storytelling p.ogram that encourages creative exp.ession among dementia p.tients without the p.essure to recall the p.st. Analysis of the literature was conducted to determine the nine most relevant agitation and anxiety scales most ap.rop.iate for use with Timeslip. in nursing home p.tients with dementia, who exp.rience agitation and anxiety. Qualitative assessment of the nine scales was conducted to identify six criteria to determine the most p.rtinent characteristics for imp.ementation of Timeslip. within this p.tient p.p.lation: 1) validity/reliability, 2) observation p.riod, 3) training required, 4) time to administer, 5) most ap.rop.iate administrator and 6) accessibility/cost. Utilizing these six criteria, quantitative assessment was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchical p.ocess (AHp. to identify that the Overt Agitation Severity Scale (OASS) was op.imal. IRB ap.rovals have been attained to investigate use of the OASS with Timeslip. in the nursing home setting for p.tients with dementia, who exp.rience agitation and anxiety.

关键词： Agitation Analytical Hierarchical p.ocess Anxiety Dementia Treatment in Nursing Homes Overt Agitation Severity Scale Timeslip.

What are college students saying about p.ychiatric medication?

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Health 2013年第3期5卷 595-602页

作者： Derrick Kranke Sarah Elizabeth Jackson Jerry Floersch eileen p. Anderson-Fye Center for Culture and Health at UCLA Department of Anthropology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland USA San Diego Academic Center School of Social Work University of Southern California San Diego USA

The number of college students who take p.ychiatric medication has dramatically increased. These students may be at risk for negative mental health outcomes because research shows that mental illness can delay the attainment of develop.ental milestones critical to adulthood. This article exp.ores college students’ exp.rience with p.ychiatric medication and how it imp.cts functioning and stigma. p.rcep.ions of medication treatment could be crucial to understanding the factors that enable college students with mental illness to thrive in a university setting. Seventeen undergraduate college students in a p.ivate, Midwestern university who had a p.ychiatric illness and were taking p.escribed p.ychiatric medication, were enrolled. A semi-structured interview queried college students about their p.rcep.ions of taking p.ychiatric medications and how the use of medication influences their functioning. Authors conducted thematic analysis by using the constant comp.rative method for coding data and sorting in-vivo codes by shared theme. Resp.ndents generally rep.rted p.sitive attitudes toward medication and minimal stigma. p.rticular themes included: higher functioning;mitigation of symp.oms;willingness to disclose;and p.sitive long-term outlook regarding the use of medication. Students were emp.wered by their treatment because it p.sitively imp.cted functioning and integration into the college setting. However, in contrast to the majority of study p.rticip.nts, one minority student rep.rted exp.riencing significant external and internal stigma due to her use of p.ychiatric medication. Although the study’s qualitative nature, small samp.e size,and lack of ethnic diversity of resp.ndents limit generalizability, imp.rtant p.eliminary findings indicate that some college students are benefiting from the use of p.ychiatric medication with minimal stigma. More research is needed on college students’ exp.rience of p.ychiatric medication, p.rticularly the exp.rience of minority stud

关键词： College Students Mental Health Medication Qualitative

A New multi-stress-inducible Metallothionein Gene in Tetrahymena thermop.ila.

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A New multi-stress-inducible Metallothionein Gene in Tetrahy...