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Relaxin influences ileal muscular activity through a dual signaling pathway in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第8期24卷 882-893页

作者： eglantina idrizaj Rachele Garella Fabio Francini Roberta Squecco Maria Caterina Baccari Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Section of Physiological Sciences University of Florence

AIM To investigate the signaling pathways involved in the relaxin(RLX) effects on ileal preparations from mice through mechanical and electrophysiological *** For mechanical experiments, ileal preparations from female mice were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. The mechanical activity was recorded via force-displacement transducers, which were coupled to a polygraph for continuous recording of isometric tension. Electrophysiological measurements were performed in current-and voltage-clamp conditions by a microelectrode inserted in a single smooth muscle cell(SMC) of the ileal longitudinal layer. Both the membrane passive properties and inward voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ currents were recorded using suitable solutions and voltage stimulation *** Mechanical experiments showed that RLX induced a decay of the basal tension and a reduction in amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. The effects of RLX were partially reduced by 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a ]-quinoxalin-1-one(ODQ) or 9-cyclopentyladenine mesylate(9 CPA), inhibitors of guanylate cyclase(GC) and adenylate cyclase(AC), respectively, and were abolished in the concomitant presence of both drugs. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that RLX directly influenced the biophysical properties of ileal SMCs, decreasing the membrane conductance, hyperpolarizing the resting membrane potential, reducing the L-type calcium current amplitude and affecting its kinetics. The voltage dependence of the current activation and inactivation time constant was significantly speeded by RLX. Each electrophysiological effect of RLX was reduced by ODQ or 9 CPA, and abolished in the concomitant presence of both drugs as observed in mechanical experiments. CONCLUSION Our new findings demonstrate that RLX influences ileal muscle through a dual mechanism involving both GC and AC.

关键词： Relaxin Gastrointestinal motility Smooth muscle AC/cAMP GC/cGMP

Glucagon-like peptide-2 modulates the nitrergic neurotransmission in strips from the mouse gastric fundus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第40期23卷 7211-7220页

作者： Rachele Garella eglantina idrizaj Chiara Traini Roberta Squecco Maria Giuliana Vannucchi Maria Caterina Baccari Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Section of Physiology University of Florence Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Histology and Embryology Research Unit University of Florence

AIM To investigate whether glucagon-like peptide-2(GLP-2) influences the neurally-induced responses in gastric strips from mice, since no data are available. METHODS For functional experiments, gastric fundal strips were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. Mechanical responses were recorded via forcedisplacement transducers, which were coupled to a polygraph for continuous recording of isometric tension. Electrical field stimulation(EFS) was applied via two platinum wire rings through which the preparationwas threaded. The effects of GLP-2(2 and 20 nmol/L) were evaluated on the neurally-induced contractile and relaxant responses elicited by EFS. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase(n NOS) enzyme was evaluated by *** In the functional experiments, electrical field stimulation(EFS, 4-16 Hz) induced tetrodotoxin(TTX)-sensitive contractile responses, which were reduced in amplitude by GLP-2(P 0.05). The direct smooth muscle response to methacholine was not influenced by GLP-2(P > 0.05). In the presence of guanethidine and carbachol, the addition of GLP-2 to the bath medium evoked TTX-sensitive relaxant responses that were unaffected by L-NNA(P > 0.05). EFS induced a fast NO-mediated relaxation, whose amplitude was enhanced in the presence of the hormone(P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical experiments showed a significant increase(P < 0.05) in n NOS immunoreactivity in the nerve structures after GLP-2 exposure. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that in gastric fundal strips, GLP-2 influences the amplitude of neurally-induced responses through the modulation of the nitrergic neurotransmission and increases n NOS expression.

关键词： Immunohistochemistry Gastric motility Glucagon-like peptide-2 Neuronal nitric oxide synthase Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmission

Adiponectin affects the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第35期24卷 4028-4035页

作者： eglantina idrizaj Rachele Garella Giovanni Castellini Hermine Mohr Natalia S Pellegata Fabio Francini Valdo Ricca Roberta Squecco Maria Caterina Baccari Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Section of Physiological Sciences University of Florence Psychiatry Unit Department of Health Sciences University of Florence Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Helmholtz Zentrum München

AIM To investigate whether the adipocytes derived hormone adiponectin(ADPN) affects the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus. METHODS For functional experiments, gastric strips from the fundal region were cut in the direction of the longitudinal muscle layer and placed in organ baths containing KrebsHenseleit solution. Mechanical responses were recorded via force-displacement transducers, which were coupled to a polygraph for continuous recording of isometric tension. Electrical field stimulation(EFS) was applied via two platinum wire rings through which the preparation was threaded. The effects of ADPN were investigated on the neurally-induced contractile and relaxant responses elicited by EFS. The expression of ADPN receptors, Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2, was also evaluated by touchdown-PCR analysis. RESULTS In the functional experiments, EFS(4-16 Hz) elicited tetrodotoxin(TTX)-sensitive contractile responses. Addition of ADPN to the bath medium caused a reduction in amplitude of the neurally-induced contractile responses(P 0.05). The direct smooth muscle response to methacholine was not influenced by ADPN(P > 0.05). In carbachol precontracted strips and in the presence of guanethidine, EFS induced relaxant responses. Addition of ADPN to the bath medium, other than causing a slight and progressive decay of the basal tension, increased the amplitude of the neurally-induced relaxant responses(P < 0.05). Touchdown-PCR analysis revealed the expression of both Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 in the gastric *** The results indicate for the first time that ADPN is able to influence the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus.

关键词： Adiponectin Adiponectin receptors Gastric motility Nitric oxide Non-adrenergic,non-cholinergic neurotransmission

Application of a Portable XRF Spectrometer for <i>In-Situ</i>and Nondestructive Investigation of Pigments in Two 15th Century Icons

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2020年第6期10卷 305-317页

作者： eglantina Merkaj Nikolla Civici Engineering Department Albanian University Tirana Albania Metropolitan University of Tirana Tirana Albania

A simple portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was successfully used for in-situ and nondestructive identification of the painting materials in two 15th century icons from the Onufri Museum in Beart, Albania. The spectrometer is based on a low power X-ray tube, a thermoelectrically cooled Si PIN detector and the spectrum acquisition system. It was assembled and adjusted at our laboratory for the investigation of the icons. A small number of pigments were clearly identified by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements in both icons. This includes Lead white for the white color, gold and yellow ochre for the yellow color, red lead, cinnabar and red ochre for the red color, as well as cooper based pigments for the green color. At the same time, the investigation raised some new questions that need further investigations by the use of additional analytical techniques. The results show that in both icons are used similar pigments, which are in accordance with the Byzantine icon painting tradition.

关键词： Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometer Pigment Analysis Icons Albanian Icons Berat Albania

Micro-XRF Investigation of Decoration Materials and Painting Techniques in Three 18th-19th Century Mosques in Berat, Albania

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2019年第5期7卷 1-15页

作者： eglantina Merkaj Nikolla Civici Department of Physics Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Tirana Tirana Albania Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics University of Tirana Tirana Albania

We will present here the data obtained from the examination with micro-XRF of a series of micro samples taken from the decorations of three mosques in Berat, Albania. These are parts of an Islamic religious complex situated at the central area of the old town and include the “Helvetia Tekke”, the King’s Mosque and the Bachelors’ Mosque, which were built or reconstructed during the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Beside the architectural values of the buildings, the interiors of the monuments are decorated with paintings of the walls and the ceilings made of carved wood. The results of the measurements indicate that the preparation layer of the paintings on wooden ceilings was made of gypsum while that of the wall paintings was made of calcium carbonate. The palette includes the following inorganic pigments: lead white, gold, yellow and red ochre, vermilion, red lead, a copper based green, smalt and probably carbon black at Helvetia Tekke;green earth, yellow ochre, red ochre, red lead and cinnabar at Bachelors’ Mosque and red lead, orpiment and Indigo should have used for the original decorations of the ceilings in King Mosque, which are later overpainted with traditional pigments like yellow and red ochre, prussian blue and other modern pigments. Organic pigments, probably indigo and carbon black should have been used for the blue and black color. Similarities and differences observed between the monuments and indications about the painting technique as well as the degradation of some pigments will also be discussed.

关键词： Micro-XRF Inorganic Pigments Islamic Art Berat Albania