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Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Non-Isocyanate Urethane Monomer from Jatropha curcas Oil for Wood Composite Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第1期11卷 41-59页

作者： Samsul Bhakri Muhammad Ghozali edy cahyono Evi Triwulandari Witta Kartika Restu Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat Apri Heri Iswanto Petar Antov Viktor Savov Lee Seng Hua ErikaAyu Agustiany Lubos Kristak Widya Fatriasari Department of Chemistry Universitas Negeri SemarangSemarang50229Indonesia Research Center for Chemistry National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Serpong15314Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong16911Indonesia Department of Forest Product Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedan20155Indonesia JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center Medan20155Indonesia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofia1797Bulgaria Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest ProductUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia Department of Forest Products Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology Technical University in ZvolenZvolen96001Slovakia

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the potential of using renewable natural feedstock,i.e.,Jatropha curcas oil(JCO)for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)resin for wood composite applications.Commercial polyurethane(PU)is synthesized through a polycondensation reaction between isocyanate and poly-ol.However,utilizing toxic and unsustainable isocyanates for obtaining PU could contribute to negative impacts on the environment and human health.Therefore,the development of PU from eco-friendly and sustainable resources without the isocyanate route is required.In this work,tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide was used as the activator to open the epoxy ring with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxisylane as a catalyst to yield urethane of JCO(UJCO).The UJCO were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy(FTIR)and their oxirane,and hydroxyl values were measured.The result showed that a decrease in oxirane value was found while the hydroxyl value was increased during the time,confirming that the urethane group was formed.The presence of functional groups in FTIR spectra at wave numbers 1732.08,1562.34,and 3348.42 cm^(−1) indicates the functional groups of C=O(urethane carbonyl),–NH,and–OH,respectively confirmed this finding.The potential applications of NIPU in the wood composite were also outlined.

关键词： Jatropha curcas oil urethane groups non-isocyanate polyurethane epoxidized JCO cyclic carbonate oxirane value wood composites

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Assessment of the Indirect Cost of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment to Patients in a High Burden, Low Income Setting in Mozambique

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 91-104页

作者： Júlia Malache António Domingas Pacala Isabelle Munyangaju Isaías Benzana Claudia Mutaquiha Dulce Osório Benedita José edy Nacarapa Pereira Zindoga Faculdade de Cincias de Sade Universidade Catlica de Moambique Beira Moambique Programa Nacional de Controlo da Tuberculose Ministrio da Sade de Moambique Maputo Moambique ISGlobal Hospital Clnic Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Tinpswalo Association Vincentian Association to Fight AIDS and TB Chokwe Mozambique Centro de Estudos e Apoio Psicolgico (CEAP) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Moambique

Introduction: Tuberculosis is closely linked to poverty, with patients facing significant indirect treatment costs. Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis further increases these expenses. Notably, there is a lack of published data on the indirect costs incurred by patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique. Objective: To assess the indirect costs, income reduction, and work productivity incurred by patients undergoing diagnosis and treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) in Mozambique during their TB treatment. Methods: As part of a comprehensive mixed-methods study conducted from January 2021 to April 2023, this research utilized a descriptive cross-sectional approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary goal was to evaluate the costs incurred by the national health system due to drug-resistant TB. Additionally, to explore the indirect costs experienced by patients and their families during treatment, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals who had been undergoing treatment for over six months. Results: All survey participants unanimously reported a significant decline in labour productivity, with 70.3% experiencing a reduction in their monthly income. Before falling ill, the majority of respondents (33.3%) earned up to $76.92 monthly, representing the minimum earnings range, while 29.2% had a monthly income above $230.77, the maximum earnings range. Among those who experienced income loss, the majority (22.2%) reported a decrease of up to $76.92 per month, and 18.5% cited a loss exceeding $230.77 per month. Notably, patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) have not incurred the direct costs of the disease, as these are covered by the government. Conclusion: The financial burden of treating Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB), along with the income reduction it causes, is substantial. Implementing a patient-centred, multidisciplinary, and multisector approach, coupled with strong psychosocial support, can significantly reduce the

关键词： Economic Costs Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Catastrophic Costs

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Geophysical evidence of a large occurrence of mud volcanoes associated with gas plumbing system in the Ross Sea(Antarctica)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 304-324页

作者： Martina Busetti Riccardo Geletti Dario Civile Chiara Sauli Giuseppe Brancatelli edy Forlin Daniela Accettella Lorenza Barro Savonuzzi Laura De Santis Aldo Vesnaver Andrea Cova National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics–OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/c34010 SgonicoTriesteItaly

Seafloor and buried reliefs occur along continental margin of the Ross Sea(Antarctica).These features are several kilometres wide and tens of metres high,exhibiting cone or flat-top dome shapes.Previous studies have proposed a volcanic or glacial origin for these formations,but these hypotheses do not account for all the available evidence.In this study,we use morpho-bathymetric data,intermediate resolution multichannel seismic and high resolution chirp profiles,as well as magnetic lines to investigate these clusters of mounds.By employing targeted processing techniques to enhance the geophysical characterization of the seafloor and buried reliefs,and to understand the underlying geological features,we propose that the reliefs are mud volcanoes.Some of these formations appear to be associated with a plumbing system,as indicated by acoustic anomalies linked to sediment containing gas.These formations are likely fed by clayey source rocks of Miocene age.Additionally,other reliefs might be the result of mud mobilisation caused by gravity instability and fluid overpressure.

关键词： Ross Sea Antarctica Mud volcanoes Gas plumbing system Gas hydrate Bottom Simulating Reflector

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An Analysis of the Accounting Costs Associated with 20-Month DR TB Regimens in Maputo City, Mozambique

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 73-90页

作者： Júlia Malache António Isaías Benzana Isabelle Munyangaju Benedita José Dulce Osório edy Nacarapa Claudia Mutaquiha Simeão Nhabinde Pereira Zindoga Universidade Catlica de Moambique Beira Moambique Centro de Estudos e Apoio Psicolgico (CEAP) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Moambique ISGlobal Hospital Clnic Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Tinpswalo Association Vincentian Association to Fight AIDS and TB Chokwe Mozambique Programa Nacional de Controlo da Tuberculose Ministrio da Sade de Moambique Maputo Mozambique Faculdade de Economia Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Moambique

Introduction: Socioeconomic and demographic conditions in a country can influence tuberculosis incidence and mortality, with nearly 95% of tuberculosis-related deaths occurring in poorer countries. Mozambique is among the 30 countries with the highest TB burden. Objective: The study aimed to estimate the average direct medical cost of treating drug-resistant tuberculosis in 19 health centers in Maputo City, Mozambique. Methods: A retrospective analysis of direct medical costs was conducted on patients aged 18 and older who completed 20-month drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens in Maputo City in 2019. Results: This analysis covered 140 patients who completed a 20-month treatment regimen, with 64.3% (78) being male and 35.7% (62) female. Approximately 50% of the participants were aged between 29 and 47. The average direct medical cost of DRTB treatment was $4789.43, reaching up to $6568.00, with a standard deviation of $753.26, including clinical interventions and treatment. Conclusion: The direct medical costs for a basic treatment package for a patient with drug-resistant TB in Mozambique equal 36 minimum wages. Developing alternative and innovative funding mechanisms and identifying ways to mitigate costs through the use of generic medicines would be beneficial.

关键词： Antitubercular Agents Multidrug-Resistant Healthcare Costs Tuberculosis Mozambique

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Time-dependent force of infection and effective reproduction ratio in an age-structure dengue transmission model in Bandung City,Indonesia

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第3期7卷 430-447页

作者： Juni Wijayanti Puspita Muhammad Fakhruddin Nuning Nuraini edy Soewono Doctoral Program of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesInstitut Teknologi BandungJl.Ganesha10Bandung40132Jawa BaratIndonesia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Military Mathematics and Natural SciencesThe Republic of Indonesia Defense UniversityIPSC AreaSentulBogor16810Indonesia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesInstitut Teknologi BandungJl.Ganesha10Bandung40132Jawa BaratIndonesia

Dengue virus infection is a leading health problem in many endemic countries,including Indonesia,characterized by high morbidity and wide spread.It is known that the risk factors that influence the transmission intensity vary among different age groups,which can have implications for dengue control strategies.A time-dependent four−age structure model of dengue transmission was constructed in this study.A vaccination scenario as control strategy was also applied to one of the age groups.Daily incidence data of dengue cases from Santo Borromeus Hospital,Bandung,Indonesia,from 2014 to 2016 was used to estimate the infection rate.We used two indicators to identify the changes in dengue transmission intensity for this period in each age group:the annual force of infection(FoI)and the effective reproduction ratio based on a time-dependent transmission rate.The results showed that the yearly FoI of children(age 0–4 years)increased significantly from 2014 to 2015,at 10.08%.Overall,the highest FoI before and after vaccination occurred in youngsters(age 5–14 years),with a FoI of about 6%per year.In addition,based on the daily effective reproduction ratio,it was found that vaccination of youngsters could reduce the number of dengue cases in Bandung city faster than vaccination of children.

关键词： age structure model dengue transmission effective reproduction ratio force of infection

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Stepwise Pyrolysis by LBCR Downstream to Enhance of Gasoline Fraction of Liquid Fuel from MMSW

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Energy Engineering 2022年第3期119卷 1169-1178页

作者： Indra Mamad Gandidi edy Suryadi Efri Mardawati Dwi Rustam Kendarto Nugroho Agung Pambudi Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandung40154Indonesia Postgraduate Student of Doctoral Program Faculty Agroindustrial TechnologyUniversitas PadjadjaranJatinangor45363Indonesia Faculty Agroindustrial Technology Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor45363Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia

Pyrolysis is one of the thermal cracking methods to convert hydrocarbon to liquid fuel.The quantity and quality of the process are dependent on several condition including temperature,reaction time,catalyst,and the type of reactor.Meanwhile,a gasoline fraction was maximum product to be considered in the pyrolisis process.Therefore,this study aims to increase the gasoline fraction in liquid fuel using stepwise pyrolysis with a long bed catalytic reactor downstream(LBCR).The LBCR downstream was equipped with the top and bottom outlet and the fed source was mixed municipal solid waste(MMSW).The activated natural dolomite at 500℃ was used to allow the repetition of the secondary cracking.Also,the reactor temperature was setup at around 200℃-300℃ and the pyrolizer was 400℃.To analyze the gasoline fraction and physical properties of liquid fuel,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy(GC-MS)and ASTM standard were employed.The experimental results showed there was a significant increase in the gasoline fraction of liquid fuels compared to using direct catalytic cracking and absence of catalysts.By using a LBCR at 250℃,the liquid fuel obtained at top outlet(TO)and bottom outlet(BO)have 84.08 and 56.94 percent peak area of gasoline fraction(C5-C12),respectively.The average value(TO and BO)of the fraction at 250℃ by LBCR was 70.51 percent peak area and it was increased by about 93.6%and 51.14%compared to without catalyst and direct catalytic,respectively.Furthermore,pyrolytic liquid oils were found to have kinematic viscosity of 2.979 and 0.789 cSt,density of 0.781 and 0.782 g/cm^(3),and flash point<−5℃ for BO-250 and TO-250 liquid fuel,respectively.These results showed BO liquid fuel was comparable to diesel conventional fuel while TO liquid fuel was comparable to gasoline.Evidently,the presence of LBCR made a major contribution to generate multi secondary cracking and to produce more gasoline fraction from mixed MMSW feedstock,as well as to increase the physical properties of liquid fuel.

关键词： Liquid fuel gasoline fraction LBC MMSW stepwise pyrolysis natural dolomite catalys

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Comparative Study of Reverse Algorithms via Artificial Neural Networks Based on Simulated Indentation Tests

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 393-399页

作者： Somsak Swaddiwudhipong edy Harsono Department of Civil Engineering National University of Singapore

The advances in the instrumented indentation equipments and the need to assess the properties of materials of small volume such as those constitute the micro-electro-mechanical devices, micro-electronic packages, and thin films have propelled the interest in material characterization via indentation tests. The load-displacement curves and their characteristics, namely, the curvature of the loading path, C, and the ratio of the remaining and total work done, WR / WT, can be conveniently obtained from finite element simulations for various elasto-plastic material properties. The paper reports the comparative study on two reverse neural networks algorithms involving several combinations of databases established from the results obtained from simulated indentation tests. The performance of each set of results is analyzed and the most appropriate algorithm identified and reported. The approach with the selected neural networks model has great potential in practical applications on the characterization of a small volume of materials.

关键词： artificial neural networks finite element simulation friction least square support vector machines material characterization indentation tests

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Artificial intelligence system for the detection of Barrett’s esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第48期29卷 6198-6207页

作者： Ming-Chang Tsai Hsu-Heng Yen Hui-Yu Tsai Yu-Kai Huang Yu-Sin Luo edy Kornelius Wen-Wei Sung Chun-Che Lin Ming-Hseng Tseng Chi-Chih Wang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung 402TaiwanChina School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung 402TaiwanChina Division of Gastroenterology Changhua Christian HospitalChanghua 500TaiwanChina Artificial Intelligence Development Center Changhua Christian HospitalChanghua 500TaiwanChina Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 400TaiwanChina Department of Medical Informatics Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung 402TaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung 402TaiwanChina Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Chung-Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung 402TaiwanChina Department of Urology Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung 402TaiwanChina Information Technology Office Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung 402TaiwanChina

BACKGROUND Barrett’s esophagus(BE),which has increased in prevalence worldwide,is a precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma.Although there is a gap in the detection rates between endoscopic BE and histological BE in current research,we trained our artificial intelligence(AI)system with images of endoscopic BE and tested the system with images of histological BE.AIM To assess whether an AI system can aid in the detection of BE in our setting.METHODS Endoscopic narrow-band imaging(NBI)was collected from Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Changhua Christian Hospital,resulting in 724 cases,with 86 patients having pathological results.Three senior endoscopists,who were instructing physicians of the Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan,independently annotated the images in the development set to determine whether each image was classified as an endoscopic BE.The test set consisted of 160 endoscopic images of 86 cases with histological results.RESULTS Six pre-trained models were compared,and EfficientNetV2B2(accuracy[ACC]:0.8)was selected as the backbone architecture for further evaluation due to better ACC results.In the final test,the AI system correctly identified 66 of 70 cases of BE and 85 of 90 cases without BE,resulting in an ACC of 94.37%.CONCLUSION Our AI system,which was trained by NBI of endoscopic BE,can adequately predict endoscopic images of histological BE.The ACC,sensitivity,and specificity are 94.37%,94.29%,and 94.44%,respectively.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Artificial intelligence system Endoscopy Narrow-band imaging Gastroesophageal reflux disease

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An optimal control model of mosquito reduction management in a dengue endemic region

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2014年第5期7卷 145-166页

作者： Karunia Putra Wijaya Thomas Gotz edy Soewono Mathematical Institute University of Koblenz 56070 Koblenz Germany Department of MathematicsBandung Institute of Technology Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Aedes aegypti is known as the responsible vector in transmitting dengue flavivirus. Unavailability of medication to cure the transmission in human blood becomes a global health issue in recent decades. World epidemiologists are encouraged to focus on investigation toward an effective and inexpensive way to prevent dengue transmission, i.e. mosquito control. In this paper, we present a model depicting the dynamics of mosquito population based on indoor–outdoor life cycle classification. The basic mosquito offspring number is obtained and analysis of equilibria is shown. We bring along a discussion on application of optimal control model which engineers two simultaneous schemes. The first scheme is done by disseminating chemical like Temephos in spots where eggs and larvae develop, meanwhile the second scheme is done by conducting fumigation through areas where adult mosquitoes prevalently nest, indoor as well as outdoor. A version of gradient-based method is presented to set down a workflow in minimizing the objective functional with respect to control variable. Numerical results from analysis of the basic mosquito offspring number with constant control and from optimal control suggest that one has to enhance the usage of fumigation rather than Temephos. It is also suggested that applying both control schemes simultaneously gives the most significant reduction to the population.

关键词：最优控制模型蚊子热流管理热传播埃及伊蚊健康问题人体血液

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Climate-based dengue model in Semarang, Indonesia: Predictions and descriptive analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 598-611页

作者： Nuning Nuraini Ilham Saiful Fauzi Muhammad Fakhruddin Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan edy Soewono Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesInstitut Teknologi BandungBandung40132Indonesia Center for Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Institut Teknologi BandungBandung40132Indonesia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Military Mathematics and Natural SciencesThe Republic of Indonesia Defense UniversityIPSC AreaSentulBogor16810Indonesia Center for Research and Development Indonesian Agency for MeteorologyClimatology and GeophysicsJakarta10720Indonesia

Background:Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading vector-borne diseases,which is considered to be a major health concern in tropical and sub-tropical countries.It is strongly believed that the spread and abundance of vectors are related to climate.Construction of climate-based mathematical model that integrates meteorological factors into disease infection model becomes compelling challenge since the climate is positively associated with both incidence and vector existence.Methods:A host-vector model is constructed to simulate the dynamic of transmission.The infection rate parameter is replaced with the time-dependent coefficient obtained by optimization to approximate the daily dengue data.Further,the optimized infection rate is denoted as a function of climate variables using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL)model.Results:The infection parameter can be extended when updated daily climates are known,and it can be useful to forecast dengue incidence.This approach provides proper prediction,even when tested in increasing or decreasing prediction windows.In addition,associations between climate and dengue are presented as a reversed slide-shaped curve for dengue-humidity and a reversed U-shaped curves for dengue-temperature and dengueprecipitation.The range of optimal temperature for infection is 24.3e30.5C.Humidity and precipitation are positively associated with dengue upper the threshold 70%at lag 38 days and below 50 mm at lag 50 days,respectively.Conclusion:Identification of association between climate and dengue is potentially useful to counter the high risk of dengue and strengthen the public health system and reduce the increase of the dengue burden.

关键词： Dengue Climate Host-vector model Infection rate Prediction Descriptive analysis

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