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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： edwin T.Moran Michael R.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with its associated Na+. This partly explains increas

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： Joseph edwin Kanu Jonathan Soldera Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric adenocarcinoma.Eradicating H.pylori is crucial for treating and preventing these conditions.While conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression therapies.Potassium competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for H.pylori eradication.Initially used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for H.pylori eradication.AIM To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODS This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating H.pylori were included.Exclusion criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference abstracts.Data variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and H.pylori eradication method were gathered by two independent reviewers.Meta-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were generated.RESULTS A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search command.Ultimately,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple therapy.The intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention group and 3578 in the PPI control group across th

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

Modelling and Characterization of Basalt/Vinyl Ester/SiC Micro-and Nano-hybrid Biocomposites Properties Using Novel ANN–GA Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 938-952页

作者： Yesudhasan Thooyavan Lakshmi Annamali Kumaraswamidhas Robinson Dhas edwin Raj Joseph Selvi Binoj Bright Brailson Mansingh Antony Sagai Francis Britto Alamry Ali Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad(ISM)DhanbadJharkhand826004India Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya(GSV-A Central University Funded By GoI in the Ministry of Railways) LalbaugVadodaraGujarat390004India Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennaiTamilnadu602105India Metal Joining Research Centre Department of Mechanical EngineeringSri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeCoimbatoreTamilnadu641022India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulamTamil Nadu629401India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-KharjPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11942Al-KharjSaudi Arabia

Basalt fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is becoming more and more popular because of its environmental friendliness and mechanical qualities that are comparable to those of synthetic fibers.Basalt fiber strengthened vinyl ester matrix polymeric composite with filler addition of nano-and micro-sized silicon carbide(SiC)element spanning from 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent was studied for its mechanical and wear properties.The application of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to correlate the filler addition composition for optimum mechanical properties is required due to the non-linear mechanical and tribological features of composites.The stuffing blend and composition of the composite are optimized using the hybrid model and Genetic Algorithm(GA)to maximize the mechanical and wear-resistant properties.The predicted and tested ANN–GA optimal values obtained for the composite combination had a tensile,flexural,impact resilience,hardness and wear properties of 202.93 MPa,501.67 MPa,3.460 J/s,43 HV and 0.196 g,respectively,for its optimum combination of filler and reinforcement.It can be noted that the nano-sized SiC filler particle enhances most of the properties of the composite which diversifies its applications.The predicted mechanical and wear values of the developed ANN–GA model were in closer agreement with the experimental values which validate the model.

关键词： Hybrid polymer composite Prediction Process modelling Artificial neural networks Genetic algorithm

The Origin of Electric Charge in Quantum Gravity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 511-535页

作者： edwin Eugene Klingman Cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio CA USA

A model fermion has been produced in a theory of quantum gravity that establishes the existence of a mass gap and half-integral spin. The third requirement for the fermion is electric charge. We herein develop a dualism-based analysis that explains the origin of charge at the fermion scale in a primordial field theory of quantum gravity.

关键词： Duality Topology Parallel Transport Particle Genesis Primordial Field Self-Interaction Equations Yang-Mills Gravity

Calabi-Yau Topology of Primordial Fermions

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第1期15卷 132-158页

作者： edwin Eugene Klingman Cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio CA USA

Quantum field theory creates fermions via abstract operators exciting abstract fields, with a specific field for each type of specific particle. This operator algebra lends itself well to quantum statistics, nevertheless, our physical understanding of this process is nonintuitive at best. In this paper we analyze the creation of fermions from primordial gauge field quantum gravity loops in the context of Calabi-Yau manifold theory. I extend a prior mass-gap treatment based on Yang-Mills gauge theory of higher order self-interaction to include the half-integral spin of fermions.

关键词： Calabi-Yau Topology Fermion Spin Particle Genesis Primordial Field Self-Interaction Equations Yang-Mills Gravity

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Tracking Development

ChinAfrica 2024年第5期16卷 42-43页

作者： edwin NYIRONGO 不详

Malawi is expected to generate hundreds of jobs,thanks to the railway project China Railway Signal and Communication Corp.International will undertake in the country.Malawi’s Minister of Transport and Public Works Jacob Hara made the comment after returning from the third Road and Belt Forum for International Cooperation that took place in Beijing in October 2023.

关键词： hundreds law railway

Going Digital Clarion Call

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ChinAfrica 2024年第2期16卷 40-41页

作者： edwin NYIRONGO 不详

Rejoice Banda,a student from the University of Malawi,sees herself as a digitally transformed person.A student of computer network equipment,she has recently acquired cutting-edge skills related to information and com... 详细信息

关键词： law has she

Distinct immune escape and microenvironment between RG-like and pri-OPC-like glioma revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analysis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第1期18卷 147-168页

作者： Weiwei Xian Mohammad Asad Shuai Wu Zhixin Bai Fengjiao Li Junfeng Lu Gaoyu Zu Erin Brintnell Hong Chen Ying Mao Guomin Zhou Bo Liao Jinsong Wu edwin Wang Linya You Department of Human Anatomy&Histoembryology School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China Cumming School of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 4N1Canada Glioma Surgery Division Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China Department of Pathology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention Fudan UniversityShanghai200040China School of Mathematics and Statistics Hainan Normal UniversityHaikou570100China

The association of neurogenesis and gliogenesis with glioma remains unclear.By conducting single-cell RNA-seq analyses on 26 gliomas,we reported their classification into primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell(pri-OPC)-like and radial glia(RG)-like tumors and validated it in a public cohort and TCGA glioma.The RG-like tumors exhibited wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase and tended to carry EGFR mutations,and the pri-OPC-like ones were prone to carrying TP53 mutations.Tumor subclones only in pri-OPC-like tumors showed substantially down-regulated MHC-I genes,suggesting their distinct immune evasion programs.Furthermore,the two subgroups appeared to extensively modulate glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes in distinct manners.Some specific genes not expressed in normal immune cells were found in glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes.For example,glial/glioma stem cell markers OLIG1/PTPRZ1 and B cell-specific receptors IGLC2/IGKC were expressed in pri-OPC-like and RG-like glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes,respectively.Their expression was positively correlated with those of immune checkpoint genes(e.g.,LGALS33)and poor survivals as validated by the increased expression of LGALS3 upon IGKC overexpression in Jurkat cells.This finding indicated a potential inhibitory role in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and could provide a new way of cancer immune evasion.

关键词： single-cell RNA-seq glioma radial glia primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell immune escape

Case Report: Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPT II) Deficiency

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 93-101页

作者： Kathy Po Marius Chivu edwin Rosas Balpreet Kaur Department of Internal Medicine Saint James School of Medicine The Quarter Anguilla Department of Internal Medicine Medicine at University of Chicago Chicago USA Department of Internal Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Wisconsin USA

Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) is a very important enzyme that helps with the oxidation of long-chain fatty acid to produce energy. Deficiency in CPTII will lead to energy deficiency in the case of fasting and the accumulation of the long chain fatty in the body. There are three types of CPT II deficiency, the myopathic form, the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form and the lethal neonatal form. They are all inherited as an autosomal recessive. Diagnosis of the CPTII are 1) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in adult form and 2) CPTII polymorphism (F352C), which is linked to reducing the activity of CPTII in infantile form [1]. Glucose is the primary management and medium-chain fatty acid is an alternative due to the bypass of the CPTII enzyme in the pathway. For the prevention of CPTII deficiency are to avoid long chain fatty acid (C12-fatty acid), fasting, prolonged exercise, known triggers, and certain medications such as anti-epileptics and general anesthesia. During the rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria attack, it is very important to maintain hydration to avoid acute renal failure. If, however, renal failure occurs, dialysis is recommended. We present a case of a 27-year-old African American woman with the significant past medical history of CPT II deficiency leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Together with all the research studies from diagnosis to treatment of CPTII deficiency will help in clinical management of patients. And this case report will add to the existing case reports of patients who have CPTII deficiency in terms of how we diagnose, how we treat, and how we prevent symptoms from re-occurring.

关键词： Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II (CPTII) Mitochondria Long Chain Fatty Acid Medium Chain Fatty Acid Carnitine Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I (CPTI) Acyl-Carnitine Beta-Oxidation Rhabdomyolysis Myoglobinuria Renal Failure Hypoketotic Hypoglycemia