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Assembly and release of infectious hepatitis C virus involving unusual organization of the secretory pathway

World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第19期8卷 796-814页

作者： Miriam Triyatni edward A Berger Bertrand Saunier Roche Innovation Center Roche Pharma Research and Early Development F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Molecular Structure Section Laboratory of Viral Diseases NIAID NIH Unité de virologie Structurale Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569

AIM: To determine if calnexin(CANX), RAB1 and alphatubulin were involved in the production of hepatitis C virus(HCv) particles by baby hamster kidney-West Nile virus(BHK-WNv) cells. METHODS: Using a si RNA-based approach complemented with immuno-fluorescence confocal microscope and Western blot studies, we examined the roles of CANX, RAB1 and alpha-tubulin in the production of HCv particles by permissive BHK-WNv cells expressing HCv structural proteins or the full-length genome of HCv genotype 1a. Immuno-fluorescence studies in producer cells were performed with monoclonal antibodies against HCv structural proteins, as well as immunoglobulin from the serum of a patient recently cured from an HCv infection of same genotype. The cellular compartment stained by the serum immunoglobulin was also observedin thin section transmission electron microscopy. These findings were compared with the JFH-1 strain/Huh-7.5 cell ***: We found that CANX was necessary for the production of HCv particles by BHK-WNv cells. This process involved the recruitment of a subset of HCv proteins, detected by immunoglobulin of an HCv-cured patient, in a compartment of rearranged membranes bypassing the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediary compartment and surrounded by mitochondria. It also involved the maturation of N-linked glycans on HCv envelope proteins, which was required for assembly and/or secretion of HCv particles. The formation of this specialized compartment required RAB1; upon expression of HCv structural genes, this compartment developed large vesicles with viral particles. RAB1 and alpha-tubulin were required for the release of HCv particles. These cellular factors were also involved in the production of HCvcc in the JFH-1 strain/Huh-7.5 cell system, which involves HCv RNA replication. The secretion of HCv particles by BHK-WNv cells presents similarities with a pathway involving caspase-1; a caspase-1 inhibitor was found to suppress the production of HCv particles from

关键词： Membrane rearrangements Hepatitis C virus Flavivirus replicon virus assembly and secretion Host cellular factors

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Genomic era diagnosis and management of hereditary and sporadic colon cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第5期5卷 1036-1047页

作者： edward David Esplin Michael Paul Snyder Department of Genetics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 United States

The morbidity and mortality attributable to heritable and sporadic carcinomas of the colon are substantial and affect children and adults alike. Despite current colonoscopy screening recommendations colorectal adenocarcinoma(CRC) still accounts for almost 140000 cancer cases yearly. Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) is a colon cancer predisposition due to alterations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, which is mutated in most CRC. Since the beginning of the genomic era next-generation sequencing analyses of CRC continue to improve our understanding of the genetics of tumorigenesis and promise to expand our ability to identify and treat this disease. Advances in genome sequence analysis have facilitated the molecular diagnosis of individuals with FAP, which enables initiation of appropriate monitoring and timely intervention. Genome sequencing also has potential clinical impact for individuals with sporadic forms of CRC, providing means for molecular diagnosis of CRC tumor type, data guiding selection of tumor targeted therapies, and pharmacogenomic profiles specifying patient specific drug tolerances. There is even a potential role for genomic sequencing in surveillance for recurrence, and early de-tection, of CRC. We review strategies for diagnostic assessment and management of FAP and sporadic CRC in the current genomic era, with emphasis on the current, and potential for future, impact of genome sequencing on the clinical care of these conditions.

关键词： Colorectal adenocarcinoma Familial adenomatous polyposis Genome sequencing Personalized medicine Cancer genomics Pharmacogenomics Genomic medicine

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An AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a reduced surface electric field and an improved breakdown voltage

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第8期21卷 360-364页

作者：谢刚 edward Xu Niloufar Hashemi 张波 Fred Y.Fu Wai Tung Ng The edward S.Rogers Sr.Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Toronto State key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Crosslight Software Inc.Burnaby BCCanada

A reduced surface electric field in an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） is investigated by employing a localized Mg-doped layer under the two-dimensional electron gas （2-DEG） channel as an electric field shaping layer. The electric field strength around the gate edge is effectively relieved and the surface electric field is distributed evenly as compared with those of HEMTs with conventional source-connected field plate and double field plate structures with the same device physical dimensions. Compared with the HEMTs with conventional sourceconnected field plates and double field plates, the HEMT with a Mg-doped layer also shows that the breakdown location shifts from the surface of the gate edge to the bulk Mg-doped layer edge. By optimizing both the length of Mg-doped layer, Lm, and the doping concentration, a 5.5 times and 3 times the reduction in the peak electric field near the drain side gate edge is observed as compared with those of the HEMTs with source-connected field plate structure and double field plate structure, respectively. In a device with vGS = -5 v, Lm 1.5 m, a peak Mg doping concentration of 8×10^17 cm-3 and a drift region length of 10 m, the breakdown voltage is observed to increase from 560 v in a conventional device without field plate structure to over 900 v without any area overhead penalty.

关键词： AlGaN/GaN HEMT reduced surface electric field Mg-doped layer breakdown voltage

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The International Year of Planet Earth （2007-2009）： Earth Sciences for Society

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Episodes 2006年第2期29卷 82-86页

作者： Eduardo EJ. de Mulder Ted Nield edward Derbyshire Chair Board of Officers International Year of Planet Earth Chair Outreach Programme Committee International Year of Planet Earth Chair Science Programme Committee International Year of Planet Earth

Last December the United Nations General Assem- bly voted unanimously to approve 2008 as Interna- tional Year of Planet Earth. This ambitious research and outreach project, which will actually extend over three years, is Earth science＇s big chance to put itself back at the centre of public science awareness. All it needs now - apart from $20m - is you ...

关键词：天体国际年行业交流地球会议

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Gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to enteral nutrition bezoar: A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第8期12卷 369-376页

作者： edward David Siddens Yahya Al-Habbal Mayank Bhandari General Surgery Fiona Stanley HospitalUpper Gastrointestinal UnitPerthWestern AustraliaWA 6150Australia

BACKGROUND Post-operative enteral nutrition via gastric or jejunal feeding tubes is a common and standard practice in managing the critically ill or post-surgical *** has its own set of complications,including obstruction,abscess formation,necrosis,and *** present here a case of small bowel obstruction caused by enteral nutrition *** is the second recorded incidence of this complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the medical *** SUMMARY The 70-year-old female presented to our institution for a pancreaticoduodenectomy(Whipple’s procedure)for pancreatic *** day 5 post-operative,having failed to progress and developing symptoms of small bowel obstruction,she underwent a computed tomography scan,which showed features of mechanical small bowel *** this,she underwent an emergency laparotomy and small bowel *** recovery was long and protracted but,ultimately,she was discharged home.A literature search of reports from 1966-2020 was conducted in the MEDLINE *** identified eight articles describing a total of 14 cases of small bowel obstruction secondary to enteral feed *** those 14 cases,all but 4 occurred after upper gastrointestinal surgery;all but 1 case required further surgical intervention for deteriorating clinical *** postulated causes for this include pH changes,a reduction in pancreatic enzymes and gastric motility,and the use of opioid *** Enteral feed bezoar is a complication of enteral *** rare incidence,it can cause significant morbidity and potential mortality.

关键词： Upper gastrointestinal surgery Enteral nutrition Gastrointestinal obstruction Bezoar Hepatobiliary Case report

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Management of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期21卷 3462-3471页

作者： Matthew Quirk Yun Hwan Kim Sammy Saab edward Wolfgang Lee Division of Inter-ventional Radiology Department of Radiology UCLA Medical Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles Department of Radiology Korea University College of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Hepatology Pfleger Liver Institute University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with portal vein thrombosis(PvT) is complex andrequires an understanding of multiple therapeutic options. PvT is present in 10%-40% of HCC at the time of diagnosis, and is an adverse prognostic factor. Management options are limited, as transplantation is generally contraindicated, and surgical resection is only rarely performed in select centers. Systemic medical therapy with sorafenib has been shown to modestly prolong survival. Transarterial chemoembolization has been performed in select cases but has shown a high incidence of complications. Emerging data on treatment of PvT with Y-90 radioembolization suggest that this modality is well-tolerated and associated with favorable overall survival. Current society guidelines do not yet specifically recommend radioembolization for patients with PvT, but this may change with the development of newer staging systems and treatment algorithms. In this comprehensive literature review, we present current and available management options with the relative advantages, disadvantages and contraindications of these treatment options with summarized data on overall survival.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Portal vein thrombosis Yt

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Harnessing the synergy of perfusable muscle flap matrix and adipose-derived stem cells for prevascularization and macrophage polarization to reconstruct volumetric muscle loss

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第4期22卷 588-614页

作者： Qixu Zhang Yulun Chiu Youbai Chen Yewen Wu Lina W.Dunne Rene D.Largo edward I.Chang David M.Adelman Mark v.Schaverien Charles E.Butler Department of Plastic Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA Department of Plastic Surgery Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China

Muscle flaps must have a strong vascular network to support a large tissue volume and ensure successful *** developed porcine stomach musculofascial flap matrix(PDSF)comprising extracellular matrix(ECM)and intact *** had a dominant vascular pedicle,microcirculatory vessels,a nerve network,well-retained 3-dimensional(3D)nanofibrous ECM structures,and no allo-or ***-depth proteomic analysis demonstrated that PDSF was composed of core matrisome proteins(e.g.,collagens,glycoproteins,proteoglycans,and ECM regulators)that,as shown by Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis,are functionally related to musculofascial biological ***,PDSF􀀀human adipose-derived stem cell(hASC)synergy not only induced monocytes towards IL-10􀀀producing M2 macrophage polarization through the enhancement of hASCs’paracrine effect but also promoted the proliferation and interconnection of both human skeletal muscle myoblasts(HSMMs)and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUvECs)in static triculture ***,PDSF was successfully prevascularized through a dynamic perfusion coculture of hASCs and HUvECs,which integrated with PDSF and induced the maturation of vascular networks in *** a xenotransplantation model,PDSF demonstrated myoconductive and immunomodulatory properties associated with the predominance of M2 macrophages and regulatory T *** a volumetric muscle loss(vML)model,prevascularized PDSF augmented neovascularization and constructive remodeling,which was characterized by the predominant infiltration of M2 macrophages and significant musculofascial tissue *** results indicate that hASCs’integration with PDSF enhances the cells’dual function in immunomodulation and *** in part to this PDSF-hASC synergy,our platform shows promise for vascularized muscle flap engineering for vML reconstruction.

关键词： Muscle flap fabrication Extracellular matrix Decellularization vascularization Macrophage polarization volumetric muscle loss

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Immune cell interplay in colorectal cancer prognosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第10期7卷 221-232页

作者： Samuel E Norton Kirsten A Ward-Hartstonge edward S Taylor Roslyn A Kemp Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago

The immune response to colorectal cancer has proven to be a reliable measure of patient outcome in several studies. However, the complexity of the immune response in this disease is not well understood, par-ticularly the interactions between tumour-associated cells and cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. This review will discuss the relationship betweencancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as between macrophages and T cells, and demonstrate how each population may support or prevent tumour growth in a different immune environment.

关键词： Colorectal cancer neoplasms Fibroblasts Immune sys

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Regulatory RNAs,microRNA,long-non coding RNA and circular RNA roles in colorectal cancer stem cells

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第4期14卷 748-764页

作者： Hsiao-Mei Chao Teh-Wei Wang edward Chern Shan-hui Hsu Department of Pathology Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11696Taiwan Department of Pathology School of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei 110Taiwan niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Department of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10617Taiwan Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10617Taiwan

The properties of cancer stem cells(CSCs),such as self-renewal,drug resistance,and metastasis,have been indicated to be responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with colon *** epigenetic regulatory network plays a crucial role in CSC *** non-coding RNA(ncRNA),including microRNAs,long noncoding RNAs,and circular RNAs,have an important influence on cell *** modulate cells by regulating gene expression in different *** review discusses the basic characteristics and the physiological functions of colorectal cancer(CRC)stem *** of these ncRNAs will help us understand the pathological mechanism of CRC progression,and they could become a new target for cancer treatment.

关键词： Regulatory RNAs MicroRNA Long-non coding RNA Circular RNA Colorectal cancer Cancer stem cell Stemness

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Quantitative image analysis of celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第9期21卷 2577-2581页

作者： edward J Ciaccio Govind Bhagat Suzanne K Lewis Peter H Green Department of Medicine Celiac Disease CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032United States

We outline the use of quantitative techniques that are currently used for analysis of celiac *** processing techniques can be useful to statistically analyze the pixular data of endoscopic images that is acquired with standard or videocapsule *** is shown how current techniques have evolved to become more useful for gastroenterologists who seek to understand celiac disease and to screen for it in suspected *** directions for focus in the development of methodology for diagnosis and treatment of this disease are *** is evident that there are yet broad areas where there is potential to expand the use of quantitative techniques for improved analysis in suspected or known celiac disease patients.

关键词： Celiac disease Frequency analysis Motility videoca

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