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Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry:a review

Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 481-500页

作者： Philip H.W.Mak Muhammad Attiq Rehman Elijah G.Kiarie edward Topp Moussa s.Diarra Guelph Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(AAFC)GuelphONCanada Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphONCanada London Research and Development Center AAFCLondonONCanada.

Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers,despite substantial efforts in prevention and *** have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases,but also for growth ***,these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans,ani-mals,and the *** break down the antimicrobial resistance(AMR),poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use(AMU)while adopting the antibiotic-free(ABF)and organic production practices to satisfy consum-ers’***,it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut *** Gram-negative(salmonella enterica serovars,Campylobacter jejuni/coli,***)and Gram-positive(Enterococcus spp.,staphylococcus *** ***)bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically-and ABF-raised *** this review,we discussed major poultry production systems(conventional,ABF and organic)and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportuni-ties to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.

关键词： Antibiotic-free Antimicrobial resistance Conventional feeding Organic Poultry

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当代艺术与新媒体:数字鸿沟,还是混合话语?

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艺术当代 2024年第2期23卷 80-87页

作者：爱德华·A.尚肯李镇(编译) 美国华盛顿大学克雷姆斯多瑙大学孟菲斯大学阿姆斯特丹大学中国艺术研究院摄影与数字艺术研究所

自20世纪90年代中期以来,主流当代艺术与新媒体艺术之间一直存在着话语分歧.新媒体艺术在寻求合法性的过程中发展出了一个自主和孤立的新媒体艺术的艺术界.本文深入分析了主流当代艺术与新媒体艺术之间趋同和分歧的中心点.通过讨论平行... 详细信息

自20世纪90年代中期以来,主流当代艺术与新媒体艺术之间一直存在着话语分歧.新媒体艺术在寻求合法性的过程中发展出了一个自主和孤立的新媒体艺术的艺术界.本文深入分析了主流当代艺术与新媒体艺术之间趋同和分歧的中心点.通过讨论平行艺术界、后媒介状况、进一步挑衅,对克莱尔·毕晓普、罗莎琳·克劳斯、尼古拉斯·伯瑞奥德等人的观点以及主流当代艺术界的权力结构进行了批判.进而提出弥合裂隙,建构一种混合话语,在和解中对艺术史的正典以及新兴的艺术和文化形式形成新见解的主张.

关键词：主流当代艺术新媒体艺术数字艺术后媒介

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Extraction of 17β-estradiol in water using non-imprinted polymer submicron particles in membrane filters

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1820-1825页

作者： Yiyan Li edward P. C. Lai Institute of Environmental science Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada. Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada

17β-Estradiol （E2） is an endocrine disrupting chemical of harm to both animals and human beings at a low concentration level （ng/L）. It cannot be completely removed by wastewater treatments, and is often detected in both environment and drinking waters. The purpose of this feasibility study, towards environmental engineering in the field of water analysis and treatment, was to remove E2 by extraction using non-imprinted polymer （NIP） submicron particles. Experimental results showed that 0.5 mg/L of E2 could be completely extracted by adding 10 mg of NIP particles directly into 10 mL of water. However, the extraction efficiency decreased to 64% for 100 mL of water. prefilling the NIP particles inside a membrane filter showed a potential for water treatment of a large volume, requiring no effort to distribute the particles uniformly in the water. High extraction efficiency （80 ± 10）% for E2 was achieved for 100 mL of water. A total mass of 0.29 mg E2 was extracted from 1000 mL of water containing 0.8 mg/L E2 （by using only 10 mg of NIP particles）. Both efficiency and mass capacity can be increased, by scaling up the amount of NIP particles, towards environmental engineering applications.

关键词： 17β-estradiol non-imprinted polymer submicron particles membrane filter pollution abatement technology

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Purification of total DNA extracted from activated sludge

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2008年第1期20卷 80-87页

作者： sHAN Guobin JIN Wenbiao edward KHLAM XING Xinhui Baolimei Chemical Engineering Co. Ltd. Dongguan 523581 China. Institute of Biochemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Urban and Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China

Purification of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge samples was studied. The effects of extraction buffers and lysis treatments （lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate （sDs）, sonication, mechanical mill and thermal shock） on yield and purity of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge were investigated. It was found that sDs and mechanical mill were the most effective ways for cell lysis, and both gave the highest DNA yields, while by sDs and thermal shock, the purest DNA extract could be obtained. The combination of sDs with other lysis treatment, such as sonication and thermal shock, could apparently increase the DNA yields but also result in severe shearing. For the purification of the crude DNA extract, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone was used for the removal of humic contaminants. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, potassium acetate and phenol/chloroform were used to remove proteins and polysaccharides from crude DNA. Crude DNA was further purified by isopropanol precipitation. Thus, a suitable protocol was proposed for DNA extraction, yielding about 49.9 mg （total DNA）/g volatile suspended solids, and the DNA extracts were successfully used in PCR amplifications for 16s rDNA and 16s rDNA V3 region. The PCR products of 16s rDNA V3 region allowed the DGGE analysis （denatured gradient gel electrophoresis） to be possible.

关键词： 16s rDNA activated sludge PCR lysis treatment DNA purification wasterwater biotreatment

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Multi-length scale modeling of carburization,martensitic microstructure evolution and fatigue properties of steel gears

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 157-165页

作者： edward Charles Henry Crawford O’Brien Hemantha Kumar Yeddu school of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUnited Kingdom

Multi-length scale modeling is performed to(i)predict the carburized case depth of sAE8620 steel gears by solving the Fick’s second law of diffusion,(ii)model the martensitic microstructure evolution in a grain inside the carburized case as well as to study the effect of stress cycling on retained austenite(RA)and martensite using a 3D phase-field model,(iii)simulate the effect of carburization and different RA contents on macroscale fatigue behavior of sAE8620 steel spur gear using the finite element *** diffusion model predicts that the case depth increases with increasing heat treatment time and *** phase-field simulations show that RA can transform to martensite during fatigue loading,where the extent of the transformation will depend on the type of stresses applied,*** in a high stress regime or low stress regime of fatigue *** transformation of martensite to austenite is also observed in low RA sample under high stress *** macroscale simulations show that the carburized case with high RA gives rise to better fatigue life compared to that with low RA.

关键词： Phase-field model Martensitic transformation Microstructure Gear steel Carburization

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In vivo neuronal and astrocytic activation in somatosensory cortex by acupuncture stimuli

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2526-2529页

作者： Xiao-Yue Chang Kai Chen Tong Cheng Pui To Lai Li Zhang Kwok-Fai so edward s.Yang Key Laboratory of CNs Regeneration(Minstry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Brain science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay AreaGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina state Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Acupuncture is a medical treatment that has been widely pra cticed in China for over 3000 years,yet the neural mechanisms of acupuncture are not fully *** hypothesized that neurons and astrocytes act independently and synergistically under acupuncture *** investigate this,we used two-photon in vivo calcium reco rding to observe the effects of acupuncture stimulation at sT36(Zusanli)in *** stimulation in peripheral acupoints potentiated calcium signals of pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex and resulted in late-onset calcium transients in *** inhibition of neurons augmented the astrocytic *** findings suggest that acupuncture activates neuronal and astrocytic activity in the somatosensory co rtex and provide evidence for the involvement of both neurons and astrocytes in acupuncture treatment.

关键词： acupuncture astrocyte chemogenetic neuron N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor somatosensory cortex transient receptor potential A1 two-photon in vivo imaging

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HBV genotype characterization and distribution in patients with HBV-related liver diseases in Zhejiang Province, P. R. China: possible association of co-infection with disease prevalence and severity

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2005年第4期4卷 535-543页

作者： edward Zumbika Institute of Infectious Diseases the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003People's Republic of China

BACKGROUND: There are 8 well-documented genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) at this time point. Genotyping can be accomplished based on a partial sequence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome such as the pre-s or s gene. several methods have been developed and used for HBV genotyping including direct sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism, line probe assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay. Recently, a novel, rapid and cost-effective genotyping method based on PCR amplification assay using type-specific primers that can identify all six major genotypes has been developed. This study was undertaken to characterise HBV genotypes and investigate the association between the prevalence of different genotypes and the severity of HBV-induced liver diseases. METHODs: serum samples from carriers of HBV and patients with HBV-related liver diseases from Zhejiang Province were screened for viral serological markers using commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELIsA) kits. serum HBV DNA load was determined by real-time detection PCR. A type-specific primer based the nested-PCR method was employed in the HBV genotyping. The genotype results obtained were confirmed by direct sequencing of nested PCR amplicons of the pre-s region. Ten samples of each genotype (B and C) were sequenced. REsULTs: The survey on a cohort of 125 HBV carriers in and around Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province showed the existence of HBV genotypes A (0.8%), B (48%), C (40.8%), D (0.8%), mixed B and C (9.6%) and an absence of E and F genotypes. Distribution of HBV genotypes in patients with liver diseases revealed a statistically insignificant higher prevalence of genotype B in mild chronic hepatitis (CH). Among the three genotypes B, C and mixed B/C infections 11 (73.3%), 3 (20%) and 1 (6.7%), (Pspectively in subjects with moderate CH, genotype B was significantly predominant. The infection patterns for genotypes B, C and B/C mixed in (i) liver c

关键词： hepatitis B virus chronic hepatitis B liver cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis B e antigen hepatitis B virus DNA load viremia hepatitis B genotypes liver function tests alanine transaminase aspartate transaminase real-time detection PCR

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sYNTHEsIs AND BIOsYNTHEsIs OF β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICs

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中国抗生素杂志 1985年第2期10卷 114-124页

作者： edward Abraham England sir William Dunn school of pathology University of Oxford

In 1928 Fleming observed the antibacterial action of penicillin at ***’s Hospital, London, on a plate seeded with staphylococci that had been contaminated with a strain of penicillium *** than ten years later H. W. Florey and E. Chain and their colleagues at Oxford University showed that crude preparations of penicillin had chemotherapeutic properties which seemed at the time to be almost miraculous. This marked the beginning of investigations that were to lead to the widespread use of β-lactam antibiotics in medicine.

关键词： LACTAM ANTIBIOTICs sYNTHEsIs AND BIOsYNTHEsIs OF

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Modern Heritage, the Other, and the Anthropocene

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Built Heritage 2018年第4期2卷 31-41页

作者： edward Denison The Bartlett school of Architecture University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom

The 2020^(th) century was modernism’s century;a comparatively fleeting moment in which the human race’s transition to an urbanised species created an entirely new geological epoch:the *** existential challenge for our species in the 21st century will be to transform the modern city into a site of truly sustainable human *** challenge requires us to engage critically with the past in a way that serves the needs of the future,globally and *** Historic Urban Landscapes(HUL)approach,together with the UN’s sustainable Development Goals and UN Habitat’s New Urban Agenda,offers a framework for meeting this challenge and,critically,to change our relationship with both the past and the future.

关键词： modernism heritage Anthropocene multiple modernities Historic Urban Landscapes(HUL) the other UNEsCO

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Data and curiosity:Working with mentor Donald ***

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Earthquake science 2022年第1期35卷 29-33页

作者： edward Garnero school of Earth and space Exploration Arizona state University Tempe AZ 85287USA

I arrived at Caltech in June 1986,with interests in both mineral physics and seismology.I was excited to either study mineral physics with Professor Tom Ahrens,or investigate great earthquakes with Hiroo *** arriving,I decided seismology would be my path.I was particularly interested in Hiroo’s work on earthquake size,from some papers I read as an undergraduate(Kanamori,1978,1983).

关键词： earthquake seismology excited

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