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Frequency Bands and Gaps of Magnetospheric Chorus Waves Generated by Resonant Beam/Plateau Electrons

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Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第6期13卷 864-891页

作者： Konrad Sauer Huayue Chen eduard Dubinin Quanming Lu CAS Key Laboratory of Geoscience Environment School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China CAS Center of Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei China Max-Plnack Institute for Solar System Research G&ouml ttingen Germany

In this paper, the modifications of the whistler dispersion characteristics are investigated which arise if resonant electrons are taken into account. The following chain of processes is emphasized: Generation of whistler waves propagating at different angles to the magnetic field and their nonlinear interaction with resonant electrons result in the appearance of modulated electron beams in the background plasma. As a result, the dispersion characteristics of waves in this new plasma might be significantly changed. By analysing the modified dispersion characteristics these changes are discussed. Supported by particle simulations and space observations, it is assumed that in the electron distribution function at the resonance velocity a plateau-like beam is formed. Because of the weakness of the beam, the term “beam/plateau population (b/p)” is used. By solving the kinetic dispersion relation of whistler waves in electron plasmas with b/p populations, the associated modifications of the whistler dispersion characteristics are presented in diagrams showing, in particular, the frequency versus propagation angle dependence of the excited waves. It is important to point out the two functions of the b/p populations. Because of the bi-directional excitation of whistler waves by temperature anisotropy, one has to distinguish between up- and downstream populations and accordingly between two b/p modes. The interaction of the beam-shifted cyclotron mode ω= Ωe + k⋅vb (v bvb is the b/p velocity, Ωe: electron cyclotron frequency) with the whistler mode leads to enhanced damping at the ω-k point where they intersect. This is the origin of the frequency gap at half the electron cyclotron frequency (ω~Ωe/2) for quasi-parallel waves which are driven by temperature anisotropy. Furthermore, it is shown that the upstream b/p electrons alone (in the absence of temperature anisotropy) can

关键词： Radiation Belts Waves Whistlers Chorus

Predicting full-thickness necrosis in adult acute corrosive ingestion injuries in a sub-Saharan African setting

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第6期15卷 39-50页

作者： Matthias Frank Scriba eduard Jonas Galya Eileen Chinnery Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Department of SurgeryGroote Schuur HospitalUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa

BACKGROUND Corrosive ingestion remains an important global pathology with high morbidity and *** on the acute management of adult corrosive injuries from sub-Saharan Africa is scarce,with international investigative algorithms,relying heavily on computed tomography(CT),having limited availability in this *** To investigate the corrosive injury spectrum in a low-resource setting and the applicability of parameters for predicting full-thickness(FT)necrosis and *** A retrospective analysis of a prospective corrosive injury registry(March 1,2017–October 31,2023)was performed to include all adult patients with acute corrosive ingestion managed at a single,academic referral centre in Cape Town,South *** demographics,corrosive ingestion details,initial investigations,management,and short-term outcomes were described using descriptive statistics while multivariate analysis with receiver operator characteristic area under the curve graphs(ROC AUC)were used to identify factors predictive of FT necrosis and 30-day *** One-hundred patients were included,with a mean age of 32 years(SD:11.2 years)and a male predominance(65.0%).The majority(73.0%)were intentional suicide *** on admission was the most frequent initial investigation performed(95 patients),while only 17 were assessed with *** patients had full thickness necrosis at surgery,of which eleven underwent emergency resection and six were ***-day morbidity and mortality were 27.0%and 14.0%,*** with full thickness necrosis and those with an established perforation had a 30-day mortality of 58.8%and 91.0%,*** thickness necrosis was associated with a cumulative 2-year survival of only 17.6%.Multivariate analyses with ROC AUC showed admission endoscopy findings,CT findings,and blood gas findings(pH,base excess,lactate),to all have significant predictive value for full thickness necrosis,with endoscopy pr

关键词： Corrosive injuries Caustic injuries Adult Predicting necrosis Endoscopy predictive performance CT predictive performance Short-term survival

Disturbance of hepatic and intestinal microcirculation in experimental liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第6期11卷 846-849页

作者： Sasa-Marcel Maksan eduard Ryschich Zilfi (U|¨)lger Martha Maria Gebhard Jan Schmidt Department of Surgery

AIM: To analyze hepatic, mesenteric and mucosal microcirculation and leukocyte-endothelium interaction (LEI) in a rat model with liver ***: Hepatic cirrhosis was induced in Wistar rats by gavage with carbon tetrachloride, and intravital videomicroscopy was performed in liver, mesentery and small intestine mucosa. Special emphasis is given on microcirculatory and morphometric changes during cirrhotic portal ***: LEI was influenced significantly in the cirrhotic liver but not in the gut. Blood flow measurement showed significant differences among liver, main mesenteric vessels and the mucosa. The results of our study indicate that liver cirrhosis leads to alterations in hepatic and mesenteric blood flow but not in mucosal blood ***: The enhanced inflammatory response in hepatic microvessels may be caused by a decrease of antithrombin Ⅲ levels and could be responsible for disturbances of organ pathology.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Microcirculation Small intestine Liver

validity of electrocardiographic criteria for increased left ventricular mass in young patients in the general population

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World Journal of Cardiology 2017年第3期9卷 248-254页

作者： eduard Sklyar Paul Ginelli Aaron Barton Richard Peralta Jonathan N Bella Department of Medicine Bronx-Lebanon Hospital CenterBronxNY 10457United States

AIMTo investigate validity of electrocardiographic(ECG)criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy(LvH)in young *** Retrospectively,echocardiograms showing LvH and concomitant electrocardiograms were collected in patients 18 to 39 years old.A control group of patients without LvH was *** echocardiogram as the gold standard,electrocardiograms were analyzed using common voltage *** Study included 100 subjects(52%male,mean age=28±6.8 years,96%Hispanic or African-American)with 50%LvH *** and specificity for SokolowLyon criteria were 24%(95%CI:13.5%-38.4%)and 88%(95%CI:74.9%-95%).For Cornell criteria,sensitivity was 32%(95%CI:19.9%-46.8%)and specificity 98%(95%CI:87.9%-99.8%).For R in a vL criteria,sensitivity was 12%(95%CI:4.9%-25%)and specificity 100%(95%CI:91.1%-100%).CONCLUSION In young adults common ECG voltage criteria have low sensitivities and high specificities similar to other age *** sensitivities preclude these ECG criteria from serving as effective screening tests.

关键词： Electrocardiographic Left ventricular hypertrophy criteria Young adults

CD36 expression and lipid metabolism following an oral glucose challenge in South Asians

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第7期6卷 983-989页

作者： Jeetesh v Patel Amitava Banerjee Silvia Montoro-Garcia eduard Shantsila Mushfique Alam Paul Flinders Kathleen AL Houlton Elizabeth A Hughes Gregory YH Lip Paramjit S Gill University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust Sandwell Medical Research Unit Sandwell General Hospital Primary Care Clinical Sciences University of Birmingham Medical School University of Nottingham

AIM:To investigate lipid metabolism and the relationship with monocyte expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in South ***:An observational study of South Asians whom as an ethnic group have-a higher risk of developing *** susceptibility to diabetes is coupled with an earlier and more rapid progression of micro-,and macro-vascular *** healthy South Asian participants [mean age 34.6(8.9) years,76.2% male,mean body-mass index 25.0(5.2) kg/m2] were recruited from an urban residential area of central Birmingham(United Kingdom).The main outcomes measured were post prandial(30 min) and post absorptive(120 min) changes from fasting(0 min) in circulating lipoproteins,lipds and hormones,andmonocyte expression of CD36 post injection of a 75 g oral glucose *** inducements of variations of monocyte CD36 expression were ***:Our results showed evident changes in monocyte CD36 expression following the glucose challenge(P vels decreased progressively during the challenge(P very low density lipoprotein(vLDL) and low density lipoprotein subfractions(P vels of,glucose,serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol remained largely *** of monocyte CD36 were negatively(r =-0.47,P = 0.04) associated to fat from the diet and positively to carbohydrate from the diet(r = 0.65,P vLDL genesis follows the consumption of glucose within this population,inferring that the sequestration of NEFA from these particles happens due to the increased availability of CD36 *** these are preliminary results,it would appear that lifestyle exposures have a role in moderating the expression of CD36.

关键词： CD36 Lipoprotein Glucose South Asians Diabetes Micro-vascular Macro-vascular

Corona with Streamers in Atmospheric Pressure Air in a Highly Inhomogeneous Electric Field

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Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2020年第4期3卷 28-37页

作者： victor Tarasenko Evgenii Baksht vladimir Kuznetsov victor Panarin victor Skakun eduard Sosnin Dmitry Beloplotov Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian Branch(SB)Russian Academy of Sciences(RAS)2/3 Akademicheskii Ave.Tomsk634055Russia

The paper presents research data on positive and negative coronas inatmospheric pressure air in a highly inhomogeneous electric field. Thedata show that irrespective of the polarity of pointed electrodes placed ina high electric field (200 kv/cm), this type of discharge develops via ballstreamers even if the gap voltage rises slowly (0.2 kv/ms). The start voltageof first positive streamers, compared to negative ones, is higher andthe amplitude and the frequency of their current pulses are much lower:about two times and more than two orders of magnitude, *** higher frequency of current pulses from negative streamers provideshigher average currents and larger luminous areas of negative coronascompared to positive ones. Positive and negative cylindrical streamersfrom a pointed to a plane electrode are detected and successive dischargetransitions at both polarities are identified.

关键词： Positive and negative coronas Atmospheric pressure air Highly inhomogeneous electric field ICCD camera Ball streamer Cylindrical streamer

Novel CABIN score outperforms other prognostic models in predicting in-hospital mortality after salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2023年第2期14卷 34-45页

作者： Jake Krige eduard Jonas Chanel Robinson Steve Beningfield Urda Kotze Marc Bernon Sean Burmeister Christo Kloppers Department of Surgical Gastroenterology University of Cape Town Health Sciences FacultyCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa Department of Radiology University of Cape Town Health Sciences FacultyCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa Department of Surgical Gastroenterology University of Cape TownFaculty of Health SciencesCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa

BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is now established as the salvage procedure of choice in patients who have uncontrolled or severe recurrent variceal bleeding despite optimal medical and endoscopic *** To analysis compared the performance of eight risk scores to predict in-hospital mortality after salvage TIPS(sTIPS)placement in patients with uncontrolled variceal bleeding after failed medical treatment and endoscopic *** Baseline risk scores for the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II,Bonn TIPS early mortality(BOTEM),Child-Pugh,Emory,FIPS,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),MELD-Na,and a novel 5 category CABIN score incorporating Creatinine,Albumin,Bilirubin,INR and Na,were calculated before ***(C)statistics for predictive accuracy of inhospital mortality of the eight scores were compared using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)*** Thirty-four patients(29 men,5 women),median age 52 years(range 31-80)received sTIPS for uncontrolled(11)or refractory(23)bleeding between August 1991 and November *** TIPS controlled bleeding in 32(94%)patients with recurrence in ***(29%)patients died in *** scoring systems had a significant association with in-hospital mortality(Pvariate *** on in-hospital survival AUROC,the CABIN(0.967),APACHE II(0.948)and Emory(0.942)scores had the best capability predicting mortality compared to FIPS(0.892),BOTEM(0.877),MELD Na(0.865),Child-Pugh(0.802)and MELD(0.792).CONCLUSION The novel CABIN score had the best prediction capability with statistical superiority over seven other risk *** sTIPS,hospital mortality remains high and can be predicted by CABIN category B or C or CABIN scores>*** was 100%in CABIN A patients while mortality was 75%for CABIN B,87.5%for CABIN C,and 83%for CABIN scores>10.

关键词： Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Risk score Portal hypertension variceal bleeding Mortality

Defining the advantages and exposing the limitations of endoscopic variceal ligation in controlling acute bleeding and achieving complete variceal eradication

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第10期12卷 365-377页

作者： Jake Krige eduard Jonas Urda Kotze Christo Kloppers Karan Gandhi Hisham Allam Marc Bernon Sean Burmeister Mashiko Setshedi Departments of Surgery and Medicine University of Cape Town Health Sciences FacultyCape Town 7925South Africa Department of Surgery University of Cape Town Health Sciences FacultyCape Town 7925South Africa

BACKGROUND Bleeding esophageal varices(BEv)is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients with portal hypertension with mortality rates as high as 25%within six weeks of the index variceal *** control of the initial bleeding episode patients should enter a long-term surveillance program with endoscopic intervention combined with non-selectiveβ-blockers to prevent further bleeding and eradicate *** To assess the efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation(EvL)in controlling acute variceal bleeding,preventing variceal recurrence and rebleeding and achieving complete eradication of esophageal varices(Ev)in patients who present with *** A prospectively documented single-center database was used to retrospectively identify all patients with BEv who were treated with EvL between 2000 and *** of acute bleeding,variceal recurrence,rebleeding,eradication and survival were analyzed using Baveno assessment *** One hundred and forty patients(100 men,40 women;mean age 50 years;range,21-84 years;Child-Pugh grade A=32;B=48;C=60)underwent 160 emergency and 298 elective EvL interventions during a total of 928 endoscopy *** hundred and fourteen(81%)of the 140 patients had variceal bleeding that was effectively controlled during the index banding procedure and never bled again from Ev,while 26(19%)patients had complicated and refractory variceal *** controlled the acute sentinel variceal bleed during the first endoscopic intervention in 134 of 140 patients(95.7%).Six patients required balloon tamponade for control and 4 other patients rebled in *** 5-d endoscopic failure to control variceal bleeding was 7.1%(n=10)and four patients required a salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic *** admission mortality was 14.2%(n=20).Ev were completely eradicated in 50 of 111 patients(45%)who survived>3 mo of whom 31 recurred and 3 ***(13.3%)of 120 surviving patients subsequently had 21 Ev re

关键词： Endoscopy variceal ligation variceal bleeding Secondary prophylaxis Esophageal varices variceal recurrence

Daclatasvir plus asunaprevir in treatment-na?ve patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第12期24卷 1361-1372页

作者： Lai Wei Fu-Sheng Wang Ming-Xiang Zhang Ji-Dong Jia Alexey A Yakovlev Wen Xie eduard Burnevich Jun-Qi Niu Yong Jin Jung Xiang-Jun Jiang Min Xu Xin-Yue Chen Qing Xie Jun Li Jin-Lin Hou Hong Tang Xiao-guang Dou Yash Gandhi Wen-Hua Hu Fiona McPhee Stephanie Noviello Michelle Treitel Ling Mo Jun Deng Peking University People’s Hospital and Peking University Hepatology Institute Beijing 100044China Qingdao Municipal Hospital Qingdao 266011Shandong ProvinceChina Guangzhou No.8 People’s Hospital Guangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Jiaotong University School of MedicineShenyang 200025Liaoning ProvinceChina TheFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina Hepatology Unit Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515Guangdong ProvinceChina West China Hospital Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina China Medical University Shengjing HospitalShenyang 110004Liaoning ProvinceChina Bristol-Myers Squibb PrincetonNJ 08540United States Bristol-Myers Squibb WallingfordCT 06492United States 302 Military Hospital of China Beijing 100039China Bristol-Myers Squibb Shanghai 200040China the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang Shenyang 110006Liaoning ProvinceChina Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Saint-Petersburg State Healthcare Institution'Clinical Infectious Hospital n.a.S.P.Botkin’ Saint-Petersburg 191167Russia Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow 119991Russia The First Hospital of Jilin University Jilin 1300021Jilin ProvinceChina SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul 07061South Korea

AIM To assess daclatasvir plus asunaprevir(d UAL) in treatment-na?ve patients from China's Mainland, Russia and South Korea with hepatitis C virus(HCv) genotype 1 b infection. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned(3:1) to receive 24 wk of treatment with d UAL(daclatasvir 60 mg once daily and asunaprevir 100 mg twice daily) beginning on day 1 of the treatment period(immediate treatment arm) or following 12 wk of matching placebo(placebodeferred treatment arm). The primary endpoint was a comparison of sustained virologic response at posttreatment week 12(SvR12) compared with the historical SvR rate for peg-interferon plus ribavirin(70%) among patients in the immediate treatment arm. The first 12 wk of the study were blinded. Safety was assessed in d UAL-treated patients compared with placebo patients during the first 12 wk(doubleblind phase), and during 24 wk of d UAL in both arms *** In total, 207 patients were randomly assigned to immediate(n = 155) or placebo-deferred(n = 52) treatment. Most patients were Asian(86%), female(59%) and aged v RNA levels of ≥ 6 million IU/m L. Among patients in the immediate treatment arm, SvR12 was achieved by 92%(95% confidence interval: 87.2-96.0), which was significantly higher than the historical comparator rate(70%). SvR12 was largely unaffected by cirrhosis(89%), age ≥ 65 years(92%), male sex(90%), baseline HCv RNA ≥ 6 million(89%) or IL28 B non-CC genotypes(96%), although SvR12 was higher among patients without(96%) than among those with(53%) baseline NS5 A resistanceassociated polymorphisms(at L31 or Y93 H). during the double-blind phase, aminotransferase elevations were more common among placebo recipients than among patients receiving d UAL. during 24 wk of d UAL therapy(combined arms), the most common adverse events(≥ 10%) were elevated alanine aminotransferase and upper respiratory tract infection; emergent

关键词： Asunaprevir Daclatasvir Direct-acting antiviral Chronic hepatitis C Liver disease NS3 NS5A Genotype 1b