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First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi Gabor S Ungvari Stanley N Caroff Gábor Gazdag Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health Service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years *** Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical *** his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease *** of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th ***,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early *** past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in *** Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical *** introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this *** authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

Inflammatory responses in esophageal mucosa before and after laparoscopic antireflux surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 871-881页

作者： Pelin Ergun Sezgi Kipcak Nur Selvi Gunel Eser Yildirim Sozmen Serhat bor Department of Otolaryngology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States Division of Gastroenterology Ege UniversityFaculty of MedicineEge Reflux GroupIzmir 35100Turkiye Department of Medical Biology Ege UniversityFaculty of MedicineIzmir 35100Turkiye Department of Medical Biochemistry Ege UniversityFaculty of MedicineIzmir 35100Turkiye

BACKGROUND Currently,the primary treatment for gastroesophageal reflux is acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors,but they are not a cure,and some patients don’t respond well or refuse long-term ***,alternative therapies are needed to understand the disease and develop better *** anti-reflux surgery(LARS)can resolve symptoms of these patients and plays a significant role in evaluating esophageal healing after preventing harmful *** LARS improves typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in most patients,main-ly by reducing the exposure time to gastric contents in the ***-ration of the inflammatory response and a recovery response in the esophageal epithelium is expected following the cessation of the noxious *** To explore the role of inflammatory biomolecules in LARS and assess the time required for esophageal epithelial *** Of 22 patients with LARS(pre-and post/5.8±3.8 months after LARS)and 25 healthy controls(HCs)were *** subjects underwent 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,during which esophageal biopsy samples were collected using endoscopic *** molecules in esophageal biopsies were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and multiplex-enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** Post-LARS samples showed significant increases in proinflammatory cytokines[interleukin(IL)-1β,interferon-γ,C-X-C chemokine ligand 2(CXCL2)],anti-inflammatory cytokines[CC chemokine ligand(CCL)11,CCL13,CCL17,CCL26,CCL1,CCL7,CCL8,CCL24,IL-4,IL-10],and homeostatic cytokines(CCL27,CCL20,CCL19,CCL23,C-CL25,CXCL12,migration inhibitory factor)compared to both HCs and pre-LARS ***17 and CCL21 levels were higher in pre-LARS than in HCs(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of AKT1,fibroblast growth factor 2,HRAS,and mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 were significantly decreased post-LARS vs pre-LARS.

关键词： Anti-reflux surgery Gastroesophageal reflux disease Cytokine Inflammatory response Esophagus

Carbon Monoxide as C1 Building Block in Fine Chemical Synthesis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui M.B.Carrilho Mario J.F.Calvete Gabor Mikle Laszlo Kollar Mariette M.Pereira University of Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry and ELKH-PTE Research Groupfor Selective Chemical Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carbon monoxide(CO)has become one of the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks for chemical synthesis,especially in the fine chemicals industry,due to the development of efficient and selective catalysts for its *** this review,we present a comprehensive critical analysis of the last 10 years literature on the use of CO as a renewable feedstock for fine chemicals *** review is organized by type of catalytic reaction,namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation,hydroformylation,carbonylation of aryl halides,carbonylative cross-coupling and C-H *** examples of the synthesis of relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are *** is placed on examples of utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic *** catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of the examples.

关键词： Carbon monoxide Fine chemicals Carbonylation Hydroformylation C-H functionalization

Cholesterol synthesis inhibition or depletion in axon regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 271-276页

作者： bor Luen Tang Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University Health SystemNational University of SingaporeSingapore

Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells. Beyond its metabolic role in steroidogenesis, it is enriched in the plasma membrane where it has key structural and regulatory functions. Cholesterol is thus presumably important for post-injury axon regrowth, and this notion is supported by studies showing that impairment of local cholesterol reutilization impeded regeneration. However, several studies have also shown that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A reductase, are enhancers of axon regeneration, presumably acting through an attenuation of the mevalonate isoprenoid pathway and consequent reduction in protein prenylation. Several recent reports have now shown that cholesterol depletion, as well as inhibition of cholesterol synthesis per se, enhances axon regeneration. Here, I discussed these findings and propose some possible underlying mechanisms. The latter would include possible disruptions to axon growth inhibitor signaling by lipid raft-localized receptors, as well as other yet unclear neuronal survival signaling process enhanced by cholesterol lowering or depletion.

关键词： axon regeneration cholesterol 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMG-CoA reductase) lipid raft methyl-β-cyclodextrin Nogo receptor prominin-1 RhoA statins

Novel electrocardiographic dyssynchrony criteria that may improve patient selection for cardiac resynchronization therapy

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第1期19卷 31-43页

作者： Gábor Katona András Vereckei Department of Medicine and Hematology Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary

Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is an evidence-based effective therapy of symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction refractory to optimal medical treatment associated with intraventricular conduction disturbance,that results in electrical dyssynchrony and further deterioration of systolic ventricular ***,the non-response rate to CRT is still 20%−40%,which can be decreased by better patient *** main determinant of CRT outcome is the presence or absence of significant ventricular dyssynchrony and the ability of the applied CRT technique to eliminate *** current guidelines recommend the determination of QRS morphology and QRS duration and the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction for patient selection for ***,QRS morphology and QRS duration are not perfect indicators of electrical dyssynchrony,which is the cause of the not negligible non-response rate to CRT and the missed CRT implantation in a significant number of patients who have the appropriate substrate for *** imaging modalities,many ventricular dyssynchrony criteria were devised for the detection of mechanical dyssynchrony,but their utility in patient selection for CRT is not yet proven,therefore their use is not recommended for this ***,CRT can eliminate only mechanical dyssynchrony due to underlying electrical dyssynchrony,for this reason ECG has a greater role in the detection of ventricular dyssynchrony than imaging *** improve assessment of electrical dyssynchrony,we devised two novel ECG dyssynchrony criteria,which can estimate interventricular and left ventricular intraventricular dyssynchrony in order to improve patient selection for *** we discuss the results achieved by the application of these new ECG dyssynchrony criteria,which proved to be useful in predicting the CRT response in patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance pattern(the second greatest group of CRT candidates),an

关键词： patient synchronization eliminate

Atomistic fracture in bcc iron revealed by active learning of Gaussian approximation potential

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 135-145页

作者： Lei Zhang Gábor Csányi Erik van der Giessen Francesco Maresca Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands Engineering Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUK Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands

The prediction of atomistic fracture mechanisms in body-centred cubic(bcc)iron is essential for understanding its semi-brittle *** atomistic simulations of the crack-tip under mode-I loading based on empirical interatomic potentials yield contradicting predictions and artificial *** enable fracture prediction with quantum accuracy,we develop a Gaussian approximation potential(GAP)using an active learning strategy by extending a density functional theory(DFT)database of ferromagnetic bcc *** apply the active learning algorithm and obtain a Fe GAP model with a converged model uncertainty over a broad range of stress intensity factors(SIFs)and for four crack *** learning efficiency of the approach is analysed,and the predicted critical SIFs are compared with Griffith and Rice *** simulations reveal that cleavage along the original crack plane is the atomistic fracture mechanism for{100}and{110}crack planes at T=0 K,thus settling a long-standing *** work also highlights the need for a multiscale approach to predicting fracture and intrinsic ductility,whereby finite temperature,finite loading rate effects and pre-existing defects(e.g.,nanovoids,dislocations)should be taken explicitly into account.

关键词： approximation potential apply

Compressing local atomic neighbourhood descriptors

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1593-1605页

作者： James P.Darby James R.Kermode Gábor Csányi Engineering Dept University of CambridgeTrumpington StCambridgeCB21PZUK Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK

Many atomic descriptors are currently limited by their unfavourable scaling with the number of chemical elements S *** length of body-ordered descriptors,such as the SOAP power spectrum(3-body)and the(ACE)(multiple body-orders),scales as(NS)^(ν)whereν+1 is the body-order and N is the number of radial basis functions used in the density *** introduce two distinct approaches which can be used to overcome this scaling for the SOAP power ***,we show that the power spectrum is amenable to lossless compression with respect to both S and N,so that the descriptor length can be reduced from O(N^(2)S^(2))to O(NS).Secondly,we introduce a generalised SOAP kernel,where compression is achieved through the use of the total,element agnostic density,in combination with radial *** ideas used in the generalised kernel are equally applicably to any other body-ordered descriptors and we demonstrate this for the(ACSF).

关键词： SOAP scaling kernel

Long-term outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal polyps:Results from a 10-year cohort

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第4期16卷 193-205页

作者： Anna Fábián Renáta bor Béla Vasas Mónika Szűcs Tibor Tóth Zsófia Bősze Kata Judit Szántó Péter Bacsur Anita Bálint Bernadett Farkas Klaudia Farkas Ágnes Milassin Mariann Rutka Tamás Resál Tamás Molnár Zoltán Szepes Department of Internal Medicine University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6725Hungary Department of Pathology University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6725Hungary Department of Medical Physics and Medical Informatics University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6720Hungary USZ Translational Colorectal Research Group Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular MedicineSzeged 6725Hungary

BACKGROUND Choosing an optimal post-polypectomy management strategy of malignant colorectal polyps is challenging,and evidence regarding a surveillance-only strategy is *** To evaluate long-term outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal *** A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal polyps between 2010 and *** disease rate and nodal metastases after secondary surgery and local and distant recurrence rate for those with at least 1 year of follow-up were *** rates for categorical variables and means for continuous variables with 95%confidence intervals were calculated,and Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney test were *** risk factors of adverse outcomes were RESULTS In total,135 lesions(mean size:22.1 mm;location:42%rectal)from 129 patients(mean age:67.7 years;56%male)were *** proportion of pedunculated and non-pedunculated lesions was similar,with en bloc resection in 82%and 47%of lesions,*** differentiation,distance from resection margins,depth of submucosal invasion,lymphovascular invasion,and budding were reported at 89.6%,45.2%,58.5%,31.9%,and 25.2%,*** tumor was found in 10 patients,and nodal metastasis was found in 4 of 41 patients who underwent secondary surgical *** analysis identified piecemeal resection as a risk factor for residual malignancy(odds ratio:1.74;P=0.042).At least 1 year of follow-up was available for 117 lesions from 111 patients(mean follow-up period:5.59 years).Overall,54%,30%,30%,11%,and 16%of patients presented at the 1-year,3-year,5-year,7-year,and 9-10-year surveillance *** outcomes occurred in 9.0%(local recurrence and dissemination in 4 patients and 9 patients,respectively),with no difference between patients undergoing secondary surgery and surveillance *** Reporting of histological featur

关键词： Malignant colorectal polyps T1 tumor Endoscopic removal Outcomes Long-term Surveillance

Intraoperative complication rates in cataract surgery performed by resident trainees and staff surgeons in a tertiary eyecare center in Hungary

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第4期15卷 586-590页

作者： Márton Magyar Gábor László Sándor László Ujváry Zoltán Zsolt Nagy Gábor Tóth Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1085Hungary

AIM: To compare the incidence of intraoperative complications during primary phacoemulsification(phaco) surgery between resident surgeons(residents) and staff surgeons(specialists) and to objectively determine the difficulty of stages in phaco surgery. METHODS: This retrospective study included cases of phaco cataract surgery performed between January and December 2019. There were no exclusion criteria. For each patient, demographics, clinical history, case complexity, type of surgeon, and operative details were reviewed. Primary outcomes included intraoperative complication rates and the objective measure of difficulty in the steps of the surgery performed by residents and ***: A total of 3272 cases were included;7.4%(n=241) of cases were performed by residents. The overall complication rate was 5.4%(n=177). The intraoperative complication rate was significantly higher(P<0.001) in residents(n=33, 13.7%) than in specialists(n=144, 4.8%). The most frequent complications were posterior capsule tear(n=85, 2.6%), anterior capsule tear(n=50, 1.53%), zonular fiber loss(n=45, 1.38%), and dropped nucleus(n=15, 0.46%). Objectively, the most difficult steps during surgery were phaco in 66(60.0%), capsulorhexis in 21(19.1%), irrigation/aspiration in 13(11.8%), hydrodissection in 9(8.2%), and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation in 1(0.9%) case. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative complication rates are higher in residents than in specialists. The order of objective difficulty in phaco surgery steps is in line with the subjective findings of other surveys, revealing that the most challenging parts of phaco surgery are phaco and capsulorhexis.

关键词： cataract intraoperative complications resident phacoemulsification staff surgeon