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Stress intervention and disease in African Am.rican lupus patients: The balancing lupus experiences with stress strategies (BLESS) study

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Health 2014年第1期6卷 71-79页

作者： edith m. williams Diane Kam.n m.gan Penfield Jam.s C. Oates Division of Rheum.tology and Im.unology Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA Institute for Partnerships to Elim.nate Health Disparities Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia USA Institutional Assessm.nt and Com.liance University of South Carolina Columbia USA University of South Carolina Charleston USA 3Institutional Assessment and Compliance University of South Carolina Columbia USA Medical Service Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston USA

Very little is known about the im.act of psychosocial stress on underlying biological m.chanism. in African Am.rican lupus patients, although African Am.rican wom.n display the highest rates of lupus. Due to the exposure of African Am.ricans to a unique trajectory of stressors throughout the life course, it m.y be critical to understand the relationship between psychosocial stress and underlying biological m.chanism. that influence disease activity and pathology in this high risk group. To begin to fill this research void, an evidence-based self-m.nagem.nt program.was piloted am.ng a cohort of African Am.rican lupus patients participating in a SLE database project at the m.dical University of South Carolina (m.SC). To assess disease activity, during each clinic visit, a history is obtained, and physical exam.nation, phlebotom., and urine collection are perform.d. SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and System.c Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/Am.rican College of Rheum.tology (SLICC/ACR) Dam.ge Index (SDI) scores are assessed at each visit. Disease data corresponding with data collection tim.fram.s for each participant were extracted from.the m.SC SLE Database to assess the effectiveness of the program. Several differences were observed between the intervention and control groups on sym.tom. pertaining to lupus activity, and m.ny of these differences had large effect sizes. Our findings can be rapidly translated into im.roved delivery of health care and targeted trials/interventions with relevance to health disparities, and if widely im.lem.nted, m.rbidities and m.rtality related to lupus could be drastically reduced in African-Am.ricans.

关键词： SLE African Am.ricans Self m.nagem.nt Stress Lupus Disease Activity

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An intervention to reduce psychosocial and biological indicators of stress in African Am.rican lupus patients: The balancing lupus experiences with stress strategies study

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Open Journal of Preventive m.dicine 2014年第1期4卷 22-31页

作者： edith m. williams m.gan Penfield Diane Kam.n Jam.s C. Oates Division of Rheum.tology and Im.unology Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA Division of Rheum.tology and Im.unology Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA m.dical Service Ralph H. Johnson VA m.dical Center Charleston USA Institute for Partnerships to Elim.nate Health Disparities Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia USA Institutional Assessm.nt and Com.liance University of South Carolina Columbia USA

Objective: Very little is known about the im.act of psychosocial stress on African Am.rican lupus patients. Due to the exposure of African Am.ricans to a unique trajectory of stressors throughout life, it m.y be critical to understand the relationship between psychosocial stress and underlying biological m.chanism. that influence disease activity and pathology in this high risk group. m.thods: The Balancing Lupus Experiences with Stress Strategies (BLESS) study piloted the validated “Better Choices, Better Health” Chronic Disease Self-m.nagem.nt Program.(CDSm.) in 30 African-Am.rican lupus patients participating in the SLE Clinic Database Project at the m.dical University of South Carolina (m.SC). m.asures of psychosocial and biological indicators of stress were collected in all of the patients in each of the study conditions before and after intervention activities, as well as four m.nths’ post-intervention, to assess the effectiveness of the program.in reducing perceived and biological indicators of stress. Results: Participation in the workshops had large effects upon depression (d = 1.63 and d = 1.68), social/role activities lim.tations (d =1.15), health distress (d = 1.13 and d = 0.78), fatigue (d = 1.03), pain (d = 0.96), and lupus self-efficacy (d = 0.85). Neither the differences in cortisol or DHEA levels pre- and post-intervention were found to be significantly different between intervention participants and controls. Conclusion: The intervention workshops acted to reduce perceived stress and im.rove quality of life. Our findings im.ly that com.arable, if not m.re significant gains in relevant health indicators are possible in African Am.rican patients when provided the opportunity to participate in CDSm.’s.

关键词： Lupus Stress African-Am.rican Self-m.nagem.nt

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Evaluating im.licit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology m.etings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahm.d Andrew m.cDonald Jam.la Skinner Harley williams Julie E.Strychowsky m.Elise Graham Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of m.dicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing num.ers of wom.n enter m.dical school *** num.er of fem.le physicians in leadership positions has been m.ch slower to *** are also well‐docum.nted differences in the treatm.nt of wom.n as com.ared to m.n in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a m.n perform.ng the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)m.etings from.2017 to 2020 to determ.ne the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from.CSOHNS m.etings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter dem.graphics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and m.ltivariate logistic regression was used to com.are genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional form. of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the tim.,while m.le presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the tim.(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the m.st frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS m.etings dem.nstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional form. of unconscious bias that m.y be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology wom.n

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Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Radeeb Akhtar Jeffrey m.Ring Lucy m.Candib Erick m.ssias Ronald m.Epstein m.rc Tunzi Am. L Lee Christopher P m.rley Carina m.Brown David Slawson Jill Konkin David G Cam.bell Ian Couper Susan williams Robert Brooks Lucie Walters Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Independent Health Psychologist Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Public Health and Preventive m.dicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Fam.ly m.dicine Residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunningham. Arm.m.dical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Departm.nt of Rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation’,authors address the following them.s:‘Relational connections in the doctor–patient partnership’,‘Fem.nism.and fam.ly m.dicine’,‘Positive fam.ly m.dicine’,‘m.ndful practice’,‘The new,old ethics of fam.ly m.dicine’,‘Public health,prevention and populations’,‘Inform.tion m.stery in fam.ly m.dicine’and‘Clinical courage.’m.y readers nurture their curiosity through these essays.

关键词： them.tic illustration doctor

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Assessm.nt of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic adm.nistration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of prim.ry hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro m.chael Wan Takura Darlington m.kabeta Ella m.lev m.rketa Gross Claudia williams m.ham.ad m.njra Jan Herm.n Kuiper John m.rnaghan Departm.nt of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of m.dicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Departm.nt of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in m.dicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim.of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum.and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the m.nim.m.inhibitory concentration of the likely organism. that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower lim. arthroplasty from.between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optim.l frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the im.act of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regim.,com.ined with a reduction in the duration of adm.nistration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following prim.ry elective total hip and knee arthroplasty m.THODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing prim.ry total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regim.(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were com.ared to those after a change to a new regim.(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** prim.ry outcom. in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were perform.d in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted tim. series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regim.,with a reduction in num.er of post-operative doses had no adverse im.act on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

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Sounding Board. The illness as the focus of geriatric m.dicine

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第1期46卷 86-86页

作者： m.E williams 不详

Understanding the difference between illness and disease is a prerequisite to the care of patients affected by incurable *** palliation in the absence of substantive inform.tion regarding this discrepancy is the art of *** elderly patients often present with several chronic diseases,m.ny of which are irreversible,cure-oriented physicians caring for the elderly are especially vulnerable to frequent disappointm.nts.

关键词： patients diseases irreversible

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Rapid Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Reishi and Their Antibacterial Activity and m.chanism.

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Journal of Biom.terials and Nanobiotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 51-63页

作者： Akam. J. Ewunkem.T’nasia Priester Desia williams Bailey Ariyon Ilunga Tshim.nga Brittany Justice Dinesh K. Singh Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem North Carolina USA

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field in biom.dical engineering with references to efficiency, safety, and cost-effective approaches. Herein, the objective of this study was to exam.ne an innovative approach to rapidly synthesis silver nanoparticles from.an aqueous extract of m.dicinal m.shroom.Ganoderm. lucidum.(also known as reishi). The structural and dim.nsional dispersion of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from.reishi was confirm.d by UV-Vis spectrophotom.ter (UV-Vis) and Scanning Electron m.croscopy (SEm. analysis. Additionally, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from.resihi were used to explore their potential antim.crobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and m.crococcus luteus and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneum.niae. The results from.this study revealed that the silver nanoparticles m.diated by reishi adopted a spherical shape m.rphology with sizes, less than 100 nm.and revealed strong absorption plasm.n band at 440 nm. Furtherm.re, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from.reishi exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested S. aureus and m. luteus and E. coli and K. pneum.niae by altering their m.rphology which signifies their biom.dical potential.

关键词： Nanotechnology Reishi Nanoparticles Antim.crobial Green Synthesis

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Transplantation of prim.ry and reversibly im.ortalized hum.n liver cells and other gene therapies in acute liver failure and decom.ensated chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 636-642页

作者： Stephen m.Riordan Roger williams Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland Department of GastroenterologyThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland

Studies perform.d in experim.ntal sm.ll anim.lswith hepatic-based m.tabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbum.naem.c rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver rem.in in these sites,withim.rovem.nt in m.tabolic function

关键词： liver failure acute liver diseases liver transplantation gene therapy anim.ls laboratory transfering growth factor beta

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Evidentiary discrepancies in sexual assault casework within the US

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 189-194页

作者： Chinyere m.williams Departm.nt of chem.stry and Forensics nottingham Trent UniversitynottinghamUK

In recent years,a significant num.er of investigations have discovered up to 200000 unsubm.tted sexual assault kits(SAKs)in the *** the public outcry was largely directed towards DNA analysis,the SAKs also contained biological specim.ns specifically designated for toxicological *** to the sensitivity of analytes in potential drug facilitated sexual assaults,the preservation and m.intenance of the specim.ns is crucial in providing accurate toxicological *** investigations into the unsubm.tted SAKs have identified subjective law enforcem.nt officer(LEO)rationale for the unsubm.tted kits,however the im.act on toxicological specim.ns has not been *** brief review of policies and guidelines with respect to forensic specim.ns has identified potential sources of evidentiary degradation,despite the use of chem.cal *** respect to tem.erature-controlled environm.nts,the variation in SAK subm.ssion policies established throughout the US are potentially detrim.ntal to the preservation of toxicological *** as a result of tim.-delayed collection and poorly m.intained storage tem.eratures plays a crucial role for/in the interpretation of qualitative and quantitative toxicological *** review finds these delays can be addressed through m.dernisation of facilities;electronic tracking of unsubm.tted SAKs;m.ndated transfer of biological evidence within 72 h;and docum.ntation of tem.erature within the chain of custody or other *** identifying the range of tem.eratures in which the evidence was exposed,forensic toxicologists m.y unintentionally provide erroneous interpretations of toxicological analyses-potentially casting doubt on the survivor’s recall of events and negatively im.acting future sexual assault investigations.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology drug-facilitated sexual assault DFSA chem.cal subm.ssion SANE SART

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Reconstructing seafloor age distributions in lost ocean basins

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 769-780页

作者： Sim.n williams Nicky m.Wright John Cannon Nicolas Flam.nt R.Dietm.r m.ller Departm.nt of Geology Northwest UniversityXi’an710069China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynam.cs Northwest UniversityXi’an710069China Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityACT2601Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Clim.te Extrem.s The Australian National UniversityACT2601Australia EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyAustralia GeoQuEST Research Centre School of EarthAtmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongNorthfields AvenueNSW2522Australia

Reconstructions of past seafloor age m.ke it possible to quantify how plate tectonic forces,surface heat flow,ocean basin volum. and global sea level have varied through geological ***,past ocean basins that have now been subducted cannot be uniquely reconstructed,and a significant challenge is how to explore a wide range of possible ***,we investigate possible distributions of seafloor ages from.the late Paleozoic to present using published full-plate reconstructions and a new,efficient seafloor age reconstruction workflow,all developed using the open-source software *** test alternative reconstruction m.dels and exam.ne the influence of assum.d spreading rates within the Panthalassa Ocean on the reconstructed history of m.an seafloor age,oceanic heat flow,and the contribution of ocean basin volum. to global sea *** reconstructions suggest variations in m.an seafloor age of~15 m.r during the late Paleozoic,sim.lar to the am.litude of variations previously proposed for the Cretaceous to *** reconstructed oceanic age-area distributions are broadly com.atible with a scenario in which the long-period fluctuations in global sea level since the late Paleozoic are largely driven by changes in m.an seafloor *** suggestions of a constant rate of seafloor production through tim. can be m.delled using our workflow,but require that oceanic plates in the Paleozoic m.ve slower than continents based on current reconstructions of continental m.tion,which is difficult to reconcile with geodynam.c studies.

关键词： Plate reconstructions Sea level Seafloor spreading

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