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莱索托的社会救助——制度效果及改善对策研究

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莱索托的社会救助——制度效果及改善对策研究

作者： Teboho edith Rabale（艾静）南昌大学

学位级别：硕士

社会援助已成为抗击贫困和脆弱性的新范式,这使社会援助成为当前最重要的反贫困政策手段之一。社会援助计划旨在根据年龄和公民身份原则,为生活在贫困或脆弱境况中的人们提供收入或实物支持,而没有固有的条件限制。社会援助是福利国家... 详细信息

社会援助已成为抗击贫困和脆弱性的新范式,这使社会援助成为当前最重要的反贫困政策手段之一。社会援助计划旨在根据年龄和公民身份原则,为生活在贫困或脆弱境况中的人们提供收入或实物支持,而没有固有的条件限制。社会援助是福利国家的重要组成部分。每个国家都有一些社会援助,但是其结构、资格标准和阻碍其有效性方面可能会有所不同。社会援助是必不可少的公共服务,是任何市场经济的核心要素。各国政府有责任确保其公民,特别是最弱势群体的福祉,因此莱索托政府已经意识到这一点并采取了适当措施,以促进社会中处境不利群体的机会均等,并使他们充分参与所有领域公共生活。莱索托政府的社会支持系统拥有悠久历史,并已成为撒哈拉以南非洲正式社会援助计划的先驱。尽管莱索托政府取得了一定的成就,但当前的社会救助体系仍然存在许多问题,如排斥/缺乏全面支持的问题。也就是说,由于该计划覆盖面较低,仍有一些弱势群体得不到社会救助服务。与此同时,莱索托的山区和难以到达的地形对社区来说,即使是最近的社会援助设施也构成了严峻的挑战、一些人不明白自己是否有资格被纳入莱索托。莱索托继续在制定各种辅助性社会援助程序方面保持高度创新,并努力协调和协调所有现有的核心社会援助方案(儿童补助金、OVC补助金、养老金和公共援助)。本研究基于对莱索托现有社会援助计划,其发展方式和有效性的描述性分析,分析了影响社会救助体系有效性的问题,包括系统本身的设计不足、社会救助组织的不合理建设以及系统外部的整合压力(政治、国际外部力量和腐败)。然后,本文讨论了提高莱索托社会援助有效性的对策,并就如何改善其现有系统提供了见解。

关键词：社会救助政策有效性体制改革莱索托

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土地利用与土地覆盖变化对生态系统的影响

植物生态学报 2020年第5期44卷 543-552页

作者：白娥薛冰长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室东北师范大学长春130024 东北师范大学地理科学学院长春130024 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳110016

随着人口的增长和人类社会的发展,土地利用与土地覆盖变化已经是不可避免。土地利用与土地覆盖变化不仅对生态系统的要素、结构和功能产生深远的影响,也会对全球变化产生反馈作用。针对土地利用与土地覆盖变化的过程、驱动机制以及在各... 详细信息

随着人口的增长和人类社会的发展,土地利用与土地覆盖变化已经是不可避免。土地利用与土地覆盖变化不仅对生态系统的要素、结构和功能产生深远的影响,也会对全球变化产生反馈作用。针对土地利用与土地覆盖变化的过程、驱动机制以及在各个方面可能产生的生态环境效应的科学研究已经全面开展。该文综述了土地利用与土地覆盖变化对气候、土壤、生物地球化学循环、生物多样性以及区域生态环境等影响方面的研究进展,并提出了相关研究的前沿方向展望。随着新技术的不断发展,学者们将更多地侧重预测未来全球变化背景下的土地利用与土地覆盖变化趋势、合理性以及适应性,为可持续发展提供基础资料和理论依据。

关键词：土地利用变化土地覆盖变化生物地球物理生物地球化学生态环境效应气候变化

Russian Collaborative Development of Reproduction Technologies for the Sustainable Management of Amphibian Biodiversity

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Asian Herpetological Research 2023年第1期14卷 103-115页

作者： Victor K.UTESHEV edith N.GAKHOVA Ludmila I.KRAMAROVA Natalia V.SHISHOVA Svetlana A.KAUROVA Elena A.KIDOVA Artem A.KIDOV Robert K.BROWNE Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of SciencesPushchinoMoscow 142290Russia Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of SciencesPushchinoMoscow 142290Russia Russian State Agrarian University-K.A.Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow 127550Russia Sustainability America La Isla RoadCorozal DistrictBelize

Reproduction technologies(RTs)can provide for the reliable reproduction of amphibians,as well as perpetuation of species genetic variation with the use of *** 1982,in anticipation of the biodiversity conservation crisis,major Russian institutions collaborated in a dynamic program to develop and implement RTs for the sustainable management of amphibian *** initial primary focus was the captive breeding of threatened Russian endemic anuran and caudate species,using RTs that varied from environmental manipulation to the use of exogenous gonadotropic hormones to stimulate *** species were mostly from Palearctic or cool mountain regions,but also included a wide range of species from warm *** early achievements included the successful cryopreservation of anuran spermatozoa and anuran diploid pluripotent cell nuclei,in order to store both the matrilineal and patrilineal genomes in biobanks,with their subsequent development to the blastula stage after implantation into enucleated *** the turn of the 21st Century,in support of the priorities of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan(2007),we developed RTs for the refrigerated storage of testicular or urinary spermatozoa for days to weeks at 4℃,the cryopreservation of urinary spermatozoa using anovel cryoprotectant,the in vitro fertilisation of hormonally induced oocytes either fresh or after refrigerated ex situ or in situ storage,and the artificial insemination of salamanders with fresh *** this article,we describe previously unpublished techniques and techniques from obscure Russian sources.

关键词： artificial fertilisation assisted reproductive technologies(ART) cryopreservation gonadotropic hormones oocytes spermatozoa storage urinary spermatozoa

Modeling and Simulation of the Autocatalytic Kinetics of Haemoglobin SS Polymerization: Onset of Polymerization

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第3期4卷 21-27页

作者： edith Egbimhanhu Alagbe Alfred Akpoveta Susu Adedoyin Owolabi Dosunmu Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering Lagos State University Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of Hematology Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja Lagos Nigeria

We report a fresh and simpler approach to the modelling of the kinetics of the polymerization of Hb SS in sickle cell patients that couples the kinetics and the hydrodynamics of blood flow in mechanistic understanding of the process. The well-known two-step autocatalytic reaction scheme was used for the polymerization reaction with the assumption of simpler first-order reaction scheme for each stage. In addition, the forces acting on a particle in motion were also introduced to account for compelling settling of the red cells that lead to vessel occlusion (vaso-occlusion). A first attempt on the prediction of vessel blockage was made using this novel model. The time for the onset of the polymerization reaction was derived from hydrodynamic considerations and kinetics while the kinetic rate constants were obtained from the autocatalytic nature of the reaction. Experimental data for model validation were obtained from recruited SS patients and in vitro data of Hofrichter. Over 100 volunteers were recruited for participation in this work but less than 40% met the inclusion criteria. Participants were of age range 13 - 43 (with a mean of 26 ± 8 years) for SCD patients and 18 - 43 (with a mean of 28 ± 7 years) for control participants. Blood indices and Transcranial Doppler (TCD) test parameters of all participants were the principal parameters used for model validation. Constant k2/k1 ratios was obtained for individual in vivo/in vitro system. This ratio is unique for any individual, independent on protein sequence and also suggests the degree of expression of the symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) with higher values reflecting greater propensity to pain crisis. Delay time, tD, was found to have an inverse relationship with the kinetic constant for the residual reaction, k1. Therefore, long delay times calculated, offer insight on why SCD patients are not in perpetual crises because enough time is provided the cells to escape microcirculation while keeping the residu

关键词： Vaso-Occlusion Hb SS Polymerization Kinetics Residual and Secondary Reactions Hydrodynamics of Blood Flow Onset of Hb SS Polymerization

Toward diagnostic relevance of theαVβ5,αVβ3,andαVβ6 integrins in OA:expression within human cartilage and spinal osteophytes

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 458-472页

作者： edith Charlier Céline Deroyer Sophie Neuville Zelda Plener Olivier Malaise Federica Ciregia Philippe Gillet Gilles Reuter Mallory Salvé Nadia Withofs Roland Hustinx Dominique de Seny Michel G.Malaise Laboratory of Rheumatology GIGA-I3CHULiègeULiègeLiègeBelgium Department of Orthopaedic Surgery CHULiègeLiègeBelgium Department of Neurosurgery CHULiègeLiègeBelgium Department of Nuclear Medicine CHULiègeLiègeBelgium

We previously reported 18FPRGD2 uptake by the coxofemoral lining,intervertebral discs and facet joint osteophytes in OA using PET/SCAN ***,the molecular mechanism by which the PRGD2 tracer interacts with joint tissues and osteophytes in OA remains *** PRGD2 ligands are expected to belong to the RGD-specific integrin family,the purpose of this study was(i)to determine which integrin complexes display the highest affinity for PRGD2-based ligands,(ii)to analyze integrin expression in relevant tissues,and(iii)to test integrin regulation in chondrocytes using OA-related stimuli to increase the levels of fibrosis and ossification *** this end,the affinity of PRGD2-based ligands for five heterodimeric integrins was measured by competition with *** situ analyses were performed in human normal *** cartilage and spinal *** were characterized by(immuno-)histological *** subunit expression was tested in chondrocytes undergoing dedifferentiation,osteogenic differentiation,and inflammatory *** integrinsαVβ5,αVβ3,andαVβ6 presented the highest affinity for PRGD2-based *** situ,the expression of these integrins was significantly increased in OA compared to normal *** osteophytes,the mean integrin expression score was significantly higher in blood vessels,fibrous areas,and cells from the bone lining than in osteocytes and cartilaginous *** vitro,the levels of integrin subunits were significantly increased during chondrocyte dedifferentiation(except forβ6),fibrosis,and osteogenic differentiation as well as under inflammatory *** conclusion,anatomical zones(such as OA cartilage,intervertebral discs,and facet joint osteophytes)previously reported to show PRGD2 ligand uptake in vivo expressed increased levels ofαVβ5,αVβ3,andβ6 integrins,whose subunits are modulated in vitro by OA-associated conditions that increase fibrosis,inflammation,and osteogenic differentiation.T

关键词： cartilage inflammation femoral

Why is there a difference in facture rates between the East and the West

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Why is there a difference in facture rates between the East ...

Finite Element Orthogonal Collocation Approach for Time Fractional Telegraph Equation with Mamadu-Njoseh Polynomials

International Conference on Osteoporosis and Bone Research 2008

作者： edith M.C.Lau Hong Kong Orthopaedic and Osteoporosis Center for Health and Medical Research Hong KongChina

＜正＞Which fractures are osteoporotic in nature? Hip,vertebral and forearm fractures are the classic osteoporotic ***,it is increasingly being recognized that many other fractures could be *** the Dubbos Study,fractu...

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第9期11卷 2585-2596页

作者： Ebimene James Mamadu Henrietta Ify Ojarikre edith Omamuyovwi Maduku Department of Mathematics Delta State University Abraka Nigeria

Finite element method (FEM) is an efficient numerical tool for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). It is one of the most general methods when compared to other numerical techniques. PDEs posed in a variational form over a given space, say a Hilbert space, are better numerically handled with the FEM. The FEM algorithm is used in various applications which includes fluid flow, heat transfer, acoustics, structural mechanics and dynamics, electric and magnetic field, etc. Thus, in this paper, the Finite Element Orthogonal Collocation Approach (FEOCA) is established for the approximate solution of Time Fractional Telegraph Equation (TFTE) with Mamadu-Njoseh polynomials as grid points corresponding to new basis functions constructed in the finite element space. The FEOCA is an elegant mixture of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Orthogonal Collocation Method (OCM). Two numerical examples are experimented on to verify the accuracy and rate of convergence of the method as compared with the theoretical results, and other methods in literature.

关键词： Sobolev Space Finite Element Method Mamadu-Njoseh Polynomials Orthogonal Collocation Method Telegraph Equation

Odontogenic Cervico-Facial Cellulitis at the University Hospital of Brazzaville: About 431 Cases

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2020年第2期10卷 19-27页

作者： Eboungabeka Trigo edith Rose Marcelle Dibansa Olivier Lekesse Chanelle Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Health Sciences Faculty Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Congo

Context and Objective: Cellulitis is potentially serious polymicrobial infections that can be life-threatening for the patient. They are clearly increasing in our service. It is with the aim of determining the hospital frequency of cellulitis of dental origin epidemiological profile, describing the clinical types, the therapeutic modalities and evaluating the results obtained. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study on the files of 431 hospitalized patients, between January 2010 and December 2018 in the department of stomatology and maxillofacial surgery of the University Hospital of Brazzaville (Congo). The studied parameters: The frequency, the age, the gender, the origin, the consultation average time, the contributing factors, the entrance gate, the seat, the paraclinical assessment, the therapeutic modalities and the evolution. Results: Cervico-facial cellulitis accounted for 32.8% of hospitalizations. The average age was 32.8 ± 1.98 years, ranges from 3 to 93 years. The predominance was male with 241 cases, or 55.9%. 64.73% of patients came from CHUB emergencies. The mandibular seat was dominant with 77.72% of cases. The average consultation time was 6 days. As a contributing factor, we found the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Tooth decay was the most common etiology 92.5%. Antibiotic therapy and surgery had a good evolution in 96.8% of cases. The mortality rate was 3.3%. Conclusion: odontogenic cervicofacial cellulitis remains common in daily practice. Patient care should focus on the preventive component integrating patient awareness of oral health.

关键词： Cervico-Facial Cellulitis Epidemiology Clinical Treatment

Variability in Vitamin A Intake of Pregnant Women in Ngaoundere-Cameroon with Geographic Origin, Socio-Professional and Demographic Factors

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第2期7卷 74-82页

作者： edith N. Fombang Wilfred Damndja Ngaha Richard Aba Ejoh Department of Food Science and Nutrition National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaound&eacute ré Cameroon College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Variability in vitamin A (VA) intake of pregnant women in Ngaoundere town according to geographic origin, socio-professional and demographic factors was studied. A total of 100 pregnant women attending ante natal visits at the Regional Hospital in Ngaoundere were involved in the survey. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on geographic origin, socio-professional status, birth history, demographic and anthropometric factors. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. Meals potentially rich in VA consumed by these women were collected, their carotenoids contents quantified and VA activity determined by conversion. Results indicated that daily VA intake of these women varied significantly (p < 0.05) with geographic origin, level of education and age of pregnancy. VA intake of pregnant women of Northern origin (Adamawa, North and Far North Regions) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (496 μg/day/woman) than that of women of Southern origin (588 μg/day/woman), although both were below the recommended intake of 800 μg/day/woman. The more educated a woman and the older her pregnancy, the higher her VA intake. VA consumption of pregnant women of Northern origin was significantly influenced by their age, whereas for pregnant women of Southern origin, BMI (Body Mass Index) equally had a significant influence on their VA intake. Socio-professional status, marital status and number of children did not significantly influence the daily VA intake of these women. Thus, a pregnant woman originating from the Northern part of the country and having no formal education, consumed less foods rich in carotenoids and therefore was more at risk for vitamin A deficiency.

关键词： Pregnant Women Geographic Origin Socio-Demographic Factors Ngaoundere Vitamin A Intake