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4～(th) International Conference on Road & Airfield Pavement Technology

作者： eddie y.j.chou George j. Murnen Department f Civil Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 Department f Civil Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606

＜正＞ This paper describes the development of a comprehensive pavement management information （PMIS） system for the city of Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A. The city has a paved street network of approximately 1, 100 miles, of which about 360 miles are considered major roads with a traffic volume of greater than600 per day. The rest are considered as secondary and residential streets. Instead of using off-the- shelf commercial software or hiring out the work to an outside contractor, the City and the University of Toledo developed a partnership to design and implement a PMIS that uses the state-of-the-art technologies and responses to the specific needs of the city. The PMIS uses a geographic information system （GIS）-ArcView by ESRI-as its presentation module and includes a number of other modules. Data base module stores pavement inventory and condition data in a custom-designed Microsoft Access database, which facilitates data input and update. The major streets are dynamically segmented while the residential streets are management by pavement sections between two intersections. Current condition data are collected using a van equipped with laser profiler （for measuring ride quality） and digital camera （for surveying surface distresses）. Most of the data processing tasks have been automated, so the chance for operator induced error has been minimized. At the heart of the PMIS is a module that predicts pavement performance based on past and current conditions, expected traffic loading, pavement structure, materials, and climatic environment. This pavement performance prediction module is crucial in supporting the PMIS to provide a multiyear work plan. Since the City had had little record regarding its pavement performance prior to this project, a condition prediction model were assumed initially and updated as actual data are accumulated. A multiyear optimization module then uses current and predicted conditions, specific distresses and likely treatments, traffic volume, availab

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Acquiring Weak Annotations for Tumor Localization in Temporal and Volumetric Data

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 318-330页

作者： yu-Cheng chou Bowen Li Deng-Ping Fan Alan yuille Zongwei Zhou Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA Computer Vision Lab ETH ZurichZurich 8001Switzerland

Creating large-scale and well-annotated datasets to train AI algorithms is crucial for automated tumor detection and ***,with limited resources,it is challenging to determine the best type of annotations when annotating massive amounts of unlabeled *** address this issue,we focus on polyps in colonoscopy videos and pancreatic tumors in abdominal CT scans;Both applications require significant effort and time for pixel-wise annotation due to the high dimensional nature of the data,involving either temporary or spatial *** this paper,we develop a new annotation strategy,termed Drag&Drop,which simplifies the annotation process to drag and *** annotation strategy is more efficient,particularly for temporal and volumetric imaging,than other types of weak annotations,such as per-pixel,bounding boxes,scribbles,ellipses and ***,to exploit our Drag&Drop annotations,we develop a novel weakly supervised learning method based on the watershed *** results show that our method achieves better detection and localization performance than alternative weak annotations and,more importantly,achieves similar performance to that trained on detailed per-pixel ***,we find that,with limited resources,allocating weak annotations from a diverse patient population can foster models more robust to unseen images than allocating per-pixel annotations for a small set of *** summary,this research proposes an efficient annotation strategy for tumor detection and localization that is less accurate than per-pixel annotations but useful for creating large-scale datasets for screening tumors in various medical modalities.

关键词： Weak annotation detection localization segmentation colonoscopy abdomen

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Comprehensive analysis and mitigation strategies for safety issues of sodium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1343-1349页

作者： Tao Wei Xiao-Ling Xian Shi-Xue Dou Wei Chen Shu-Lei chou Institute for Carbon Neutralization College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon NeutralizationWenzhou325035China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongInnovation CampusWollongongNSW2522Australia

Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system,but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass *** paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety issues,including thermal runaway,sodium dendrite,internal short circuits,and gas *** promising solutions are proposed,such as high-safety electrode materials in the cathode and anode,high-safety electrolytes,and external battery management *** in also we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models while suggesting advanced machine learning tools for *** a comprehensive approach,this study offers valuable recommendations to optimize materials and solutions for improving the safety of sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries Safety issues Thermal runaway Sodium dendrites

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Effect of Laser Welding on Properties of Dissimilar joint of Al-Mg-Si and Al-Mn Aluminum Alloys

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第3期26卷 276-282页

作者： C.C.Chang C.P.chou S.N.Hsu G.y.Hsiung j.R.Chen Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chiao-Tung University National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing-Hua University

This study discusses the welding properties for the components of an aluminum-alloy ultra-high vacuum chamber and beam position monitor （BPM）.The welding parameters include the modes of laser output （pulsed wave and continuous wave）,welding speed,shield gas flow,welding bead structure,and focusing *** results showed that the welding defect rate of the pulsed wave type was larger than that of the continuous wave *** crack in the welding bead reduced with decreasing welding *** fusion penetration of the welding bead was higher when the focusing distance was long enough to deepen into the welding *** morphology during the experimental process revealed the proper flow of shield *** adaptability design of the welding bead structure in the preceding processes had more effect on overall welding structure and morphology.

关键词： Laser welding Aluminum alloy Ultra-high vacuum Beam position monitor (BPM)

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Flu channel drug resistance:a tale of two sites

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Protein & Cell 2010年第3期1卷 246-258页

作者： Rafal M.Pielak james j.chou Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The M2 proteins of influenza A and B virus,AM2 and BM2,respectively,are transmembrane proteins that oligomerize in the viral membrane to form proton-selective *** conductance of the M2 proteins is required for viral replication;it is believed to equilibrate pH across the viral membrane during cell entry and across the trans-Golgi membrane of infected cells during viral *** addition to the role of M2 in proton conductance,recent mutagenesis and structural studies suggest that the cytoplasmic domains of the M2 proteins also play a role in recruiting the matrix proteins to the cell surface during virus *** viral ion channels of minimalist architecture,the membrane-embedded channel domain of M2 has been a model system for investigating the mechanism of proton ***,as a proven drug target for the treatment of influenza A infection,M2 has been the subject of intense research for developing new anti-flu ***2 is the target of two anti-influenza A drugs,amantadine and rimantadine,both belonging to the adamantane class of ***,resistance of influenza A to adamantane is now widespread due to mutations in the channel domain of *** review summarizes the structure and function of both AM2 and BM2 channels,the mechanism of drug inhibition and drug resistance of AM2,as well as the development of new M2 inhibitors as potential anti-flu drugs.

关键词： M2 BM2 influenza proton channel amantadine rimantadine

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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ON THE KINETICS OF Mg-6mol%LaNi PREPARED By HyDRIDING COMBUSTION SyNTHESIS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第2期19卷 124-132页

作者： Q. Li K.C. chou K.D. Xu L.j. jiang j.y. Zhang X.G. Lu School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China Department of Physical Chemistry University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088 China

A new model to study the hydriding/dehydriding （H/D） kinetic mechanism has been applied in the two-phase （α-β） region of the Mg-6mol%LaNi composite at temperature and pressure ranging from 523 to 623K and 0.256 to 0.992MPa H2. respectively. The coincidence of the theoretical calculation with the experimental data indicates that the rate-limiting step is hydrogen diffusion in the β phase for hydriding process and the diffusion of hydrogen in the α solid solution for hydrogen desorption with activation energies 89500 and 87900j/mol H2 for HID processes, respectively, which were much smaller than those of MgH2 and can be attributed to the La and Ni additions.

关键词： powder metallurgy hydrogen storage materials kinetics

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Participation of CD45,NKR-P1A and ANK61 antigen in rat hepatic NK cell(pit cell)-mediated target cell cytotoxicity

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第4期6卷 546-552页

作者： David Vermiilen Bülent Ahishali Vasilis Triantis Karin Vanderkerken Peter j. K.Kuppen eddie Wisse Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology. Department of Hematology and immunology Free University of Brussels(VUB)Brussels-JetteBelgium K Vanderkerken is a postdoctoral researcher of the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders. Department of Surgery and Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

AIM Several triggering receptors have beendescribed to be involved in natural killer（NK）cell-mediated target *** these studies,NKcells derived from blood or spleen were *** are liver-specific NK cells that possess ahigher level of natural cytotoxicity and a differentmorphology when compared to blood NK *** aim of this study was to characterize the roleof the NK-triggering molecules NKR-P1A,ANK61antigen,and CD45 in pit cell-mediated killing oftarget *** 51Cr-release and DNA fragmentationwere used to quantify target cell lysis andapoptosis,*** Flow cytometric analysis showed thatpit cells expressed CD45,NKR-P1A,and *** of pit cells with monoclonalantibody（mAb）to CD45（ANK74）not onlyinhibited CC531s or yAC-1 target lysis but alsoapoptosis induced by pit *** mAbs to NKR-P1A（3.2.3）and ANK61 antigen（ANK61）had no effect on pit cell-mediated CC531s or yAC-1 targetcytolysis or apoptosis,while they did increase theFcγ receptor positive（FcγR+）P815 cytolysis *** enhanced cytotoxicity could beinhibited by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin,an inhibitorof *** These results indicate that CD45participates in pit cell-mediated CC531s and yAC-1target cytolysis and ***-P1A andANK61 antigen on pit cells function as activationstructures against FcγR+ P815 cells,which wasmediated by the perforin/granzyme pathway.

关键词： hepatic NK cells pit cells cytolysis apoptosis perforin/granzyme pathway

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Hot Cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第7期27卷 633-640页

作者： C.j. Huang C.M. Cheng C.P. chou F.H. Chen Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan China Department of Industrial Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 106 Taiwan China

This paper examined the impact of the number of thermal cycles and augmented strain on hot cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloy. Statistical analyses were performed. Following observation using a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, an energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） was used for component analysis. Results showed that Al content in magnesium alloy has an effect on hot cracking susceptibility. In addition, the nonequilibrium solidification process produced segregation in Al content, causing higher liquid Mg-alloy rich Al content at grain boundaries, and resulting into liquefied grain boundaries of partially melted zone （PMZ）. In summary, under multiple thermal cycles AZ61 produced serious liquation cracking. AZ61 has higher （6 wt%） Al content and produced much liquefied Mg17Al12 at grain boundaries under multiple thermal cycles. The liquefied Mg17Al12 were pulled apart and hot cracks formed at weld metal HAZ due to the augmented strain. Since AZ31 had half the Al content of AZ61, its hot-cracking susceptibility was lower than AZ61. In addition, AZ61 showed longer total crack length （TCL） in one thermal cycle compared to that in three thermal cycles. This phenomenon was possibly due to high-temperature gasification of Al during the welding process, which resulted in lower overall Al content. Consequently, shorter hot cracks exhibited in three thermal cycles. It was found the Al content of AZ31 and AZ61 can be used to assess the hot-cracking susceptibility.

关键词： Varestraint test Thermal cycles Hot-cracking susceptibility Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) AZ31 AZ61

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Structural stability of methane hydrate at high pressures

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Geoscience Frontiers 2011年第1期2卷 93-100页

作者： I.-Ming chou Russell j.Hemley Ho-kwang Mao 954 National Center U.S.Geological SurveyRestonVA 20192USA Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of WashingtonWashingtonDC 20015USA

The structural stability of methane hydrate under pressure at room temperature was examined by both in-situ single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques on samples with structure types I, II, and H in diamond-anvil ceils. The diffraction data for types II （slI） and H （sH） were refined to the known structures with space groups Fd3m and P63/mmc, respectively. Upon compression, sl methane hydrate transforms to the sll phase at 120 MPa, and then to the sH phase at 600 MPa. The slI methane hydrate was found to coexist locally with sI phase up to 500 MPa and with sH phase up to 600 MPa. The pure sH structure was found to be stable between 600 and 900 MPa. Methane hydrate decomposes at pressures above 3 GPa to form methane with the orientationally disordered Fm3m structure and ice VII （Pn3m）. The results highlight the role of guest （CH4）-host （H2O） interactions in the stabilization of the hydrate structures under pressure.

关键词： Methane hydrate Structural stability High pressure

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Supramolecular approaches for insulin stabilization without prolonged duration of action

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第5期13卷 2281-2290页

作者： Rolande Meudom yanxian Zhang Michael A.VandenBerg Lei Zou yi Wolf Zhang Matthew j.Webber Danny Hung-Chieh chou Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsSchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94305USA Department of Biochemistry School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA

Aggregation represents a significant challenge for the long-term formulation stability of insulin *** supramolecular PEGylation of insulin with conjugates of cucurbit[7]uril and polyethylene glycol(CB[7]-PEG)has been shown to stabilize insulin formulations by reducing aggregation *** prolonged in vivo duration of action,arising from sustained complex formation in the subcutaneous depot,limits the application scope for meal-time insulin uses and could increase hypoglycemic risk several hours after a *** affinity of CB[7]in binding the B1-Phe residue on insulin is central to supramolecular PEGylation using this ***,here we synthesized N-terminal acid-modified insulin analogs to reduce CB[7]interaction affinity at physiological pH and reduce the duration of action by decreasing the subcutaneous depot effect of the *** insulin analogs show weak to no interaction with CB[7]-PEG at physiological pH but demonstrate high formulation stability at reduced ***,N-terminal modified analogs have in vitro and in vivo bioactivity comparable to native ***,in a rat model of diabetes,the acid-modified insulin formulated with CB[7]-PEG offers a reduced duration of action compared to native insulin formulated with CB[7]-*** work extends the application of supramolecular PEGylation of insulin to achieve enhanced stability while reducing the risks arising from a subcutaneous depot effect prolonging in vivo duration of action.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Insulin aggregation Supramolecular PEGylation Selective N-Terminal modification N-terminal acid-modified insulin Subcutaneous depot Hypoglycemia Subcutaneous administration

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