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Gas-phase electrocatalytic conversion of CO_2 to chemicals on sputtered Cu and Cu–C catalysts electrodes

Journal of energy Chemistry 2019年第4期28卷 46-53页

作者： N.Gutiérrez-Guerra J.A.González J.C.Serrano-Ruiz e.lópez-fernández J.l.Valverde A.de.lucas-Consuegra Departamento de Ingeniería Química Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Departamento de Ingeniería Universidad Loyola Andalucía

A novel gas-phase electrocatalytic ce.l containing a low-temperature proton exchange membrane(PeM)was developed to electrochemically convert CO_2into organic compounds.Two different Cu-based cathode catalysts(Cu and Cu–C)were prepared by physical vapor deposition method(sputtering)and subsequently employed for the gas-phase electroreduction of CO_2at different temperatures(70–90°C).The prepared electrodes Cu and Cu–C were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS)and scanning electron microscopy(SeM).As reve.led,Cu is partially oxidized on the surface of the samples and the Cu and Cu–C cathodic catalysts were comprised of a porous,continuous,and homogeneous film with nanocrystalline Cu with a grain size of 16 and 8 nm,respectively.The influence of the applied current and temperature on the electro-catalytic activity and selectivity of these materials was investigated.Among the two investigated electrodes,the pure Cu catalyst film showed the highest CO_2specific electrocatalytic reduction rates and higher selectivity to methanol formation compared to the Cu–C electrode,which was attributed to the higher particle size of the former and lower Cu O/Cu ratio.The obtained results show potential interest for the possible use of electrical renewable energy for the transformation of CO_2into valuable products using low metal loading Cu based electrodes(0.5 mg Cu cm^(-2))prepared by sputtering.

关键词： C02 valorization electro-reduction Cu catalyst PeM Selectivity Methanol production

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Tracking the change in Spanish greenhouse gas emissions through an lMDI decomposition model:A global and sectoral approach

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 114-122页

作者： Paula fernández González María José Presno Manuel landajo Department of Applied economics University of OviedoAuda del Cristos/n 33011 OviedoSpain

The reduction of GHG emissions to reverse the greenhouse effect is one of the main challenges in this century.In this paper we pursue two objectives.First,we analyze the evolution of GHG emissions in Spain in 2008–2018,at both the global and sectoral levels,with the variation in emissions decomposed into a set of determining factors.Second,we propose several actions specifically oriented to more tightly controlling the.level of emissions.Our results showed a remarkable reduction(18.44%)in GHG emissions,mainly due to the intensity effect,but also to the production-per-capita effect.We detected somewhat different patterns among the various sectors analyzed.While the intensity effect was the most influential one in the agricultural,transport,and others sectors,the production-per-capita effect was predominant in the case of industry.The carbonization effect was reve.led as crucial in the commerce sector.The above findings highlight the importance of the energy efficiency measures taken in recent years in the Spanish economy,also pointing to the need to deepen those strategies and to propose new measures that entail greater efficiency in emissions.Additional efforts in areas like innovation,R&D,diffusion of more eco-friendly technologies,and a greater use of greener energies all prove to be essential reduction actions to fight the greenhouse effect.

关键词： lMDI Decomposition Spain GHG emissions

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Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez enrique Campos-González Máximo lópez-lópez Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with Mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAMBe).AlInN was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MMe)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer layers.low substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements reve.led ultraviolet(UV)range emissions.Meanwhile,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band analysis.Mg-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(e.l)in leD structures.We varied the Al composition in the e.l from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SIlVACO Atlas.The results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInN layers through PAMBe.Our simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-leD e.l simulation

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Metastatic pancreatic and lung cancer patient in complete remission following immunotherapy: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 2233-2240页

作者： Joaquina Martínez-Galán Cristina Jiménez-luna Isabel Rodriguez elisabeth Maza Carlos García-Collado Antonio Rodríguez-fernández Javier luis lópez-Hidalgo Octavio Caba Department of Medical Oncology Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GranadaGranada 18012Spain Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine(IBIMeR) University of GranadaGranada 18016Spain Pharmacogenetics Unit Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Department of Medicina Nuclear Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Department of Anatomía Patológica Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain

BACKGROUND Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a lethal malignancy with dispiriting survival data.Immunotherapy is a promising approach to many cancer types,but achieves poor outcomes in advanced PDAC due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.We describe a case of metastatic PDAC effectively treated with pembrolizumab.CASe SUMMARY We report the case of a 67-year-old woman with unresectable.locally advanced PDAC,treated with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel followed by radiotherapy plus capecitabine.At nine months,pancreatic tumor progression was observed at the.level of the hepatic hilum with the appearance of a new pulmonary nodule suggestive of a second primary,confirmed by left lung biopsy.Systemic immunotherapy was then initiated with pembrolizumab,an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting programmed ce.l death protein-1 that covers the two tumor types.The patient showed a complete metabolic response that was maintained throughout the treatment.The patient continues to be disease-free at 5.6 years since the start of immunotherapy.CONClUSION These results suggest that the administration of pembrolizumab after chemoradiotherapy has a beneficial effect in patients with metastatic PDAC.To our knowledge,this is the first reported case of a patient with metastatic PDAC and metastatic lung cancer showing such a long-lasting complete response after pembrolizumab treatment without curative surgery.Further studies are required to determine biomarkers that identify PDAC patients most likely to benefit from this immunotherapy.

关键词： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma lung cancer Immunotherapy Pembrolizumab Programmed ce.l death protein-1 Case report

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Identification and functional characterization of fish Il‑17 receptors suggest important roles in the response to nodavirus infection

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Marine.life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 252-265页

作者： Carmen González‑fernández Miguel A.García‑Álvarez Alberto Cuesta Department of Ce.l Biology and Histology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Murcia30100 MurciaSpain laboratoire d’écotoxicologie Centre de Lyon-VilleurbanneINRAEUR RiverLy69625 VilleurbanneFrance

Th17 is a lymphocyte T helper(Th)subpopulation relevant in the control and regulation of the immune response characterized by the production of inte.leukin(Il)-17.This crucial cytokine family acts through their binding to the Il-17 receptors(Il-17R),having up to six members.Although the biology of fish Th17 is we.l-recognized,the molecular and functional characterization of Il-17 and Il-17R has been limited.Thus,our aim was to identify and characterize the Il-17R repertory and regulation in the two main Mediterranean cultured fish species,the gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)and the european sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax).Our in silico results showed the clear identification of six members in each fish species,from Il-17RA to Il-17Re.like,with we.l-conserved gene structure and protein domains with their human orthologues.All of them showed wide and constitutive transcription in naïve tissues but with highest levels in mucosal tissues,namely skin,gill or intestine.In leucocytes,T mitogens showed the strongest up-regulation in most of the il17 receptors though il17ra resulted in inhibition by most stimulants.Interestingly,in vivo nodavirus infection resulted in alterations on the transcription of il17 receptors.While nodavirus infection led to some increments in the il17ra,il17rb,il17rc and il17rd transcripts in the susceptible european sea bass,many down-regulations were observed in the resistant gilthead seabream.Our data identify the presence and conservation of six coding Il-17R in gilthead seabream and european sea bass as we.l as their differential regulation in vitro and upon nodavirus infection.

关键词： Th17 ce.ls Il-17 receptors Immunity Teleost fish Nodavirus(NNV) Aquaculture

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The effect of slime accumulated in a long-term operating UASB using crude glycerol to treat S-rich wastewater

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 353-366页

作者： Xudong Zhou eva fernández-Palacios Antoni DDorado Javier lafuente Xavier Gamisans David Gabriel Key laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China GeNOCOV Research Group Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringEscola d’EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain Department of Mining Industrial and ICT EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaAvinguda de les Bases de Manresa 61-7308242 ManresaSpain

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor targeting sulfate reduction was operated under a constant TOC/S-SO2-4ratio of 1.5±0.3 g C/g S for 639 days using crude glycerol as carbon source.A filamentous and fluffy flocculant material,namely slime.like substances(SlS),was gradually accumulated in the bioreactor after the cease of methanogenic activity.The accumulation of SlS was followed by a decrease in the removal efficiencies and a deterioration in the performance.Selected characteristics of SlS were investigated to explore the causes of its formation and the effect of SlS on the UASB performance.Results showed that glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction processes taking place in the reactor were mainly accomplished in the bottom part of the UASB reactor,as the sludge concentration in the bottom was higher.The accumulation of SlS in the UASB reactor caused sludge flotation that further led to biomass washout,which decreased the sulfate and glycerol removal efficiencies.Batch activity tests performed with granular sludge(GS),slime-covered granular sludge(SCGS)and SlS showed that there was no difference between GS and SlS in the mechanism of glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction.However,the specific sulfate reduction rate of GS was higher than that of SlS,while SlS showed a higher glycerol fermentation rate than that of GS.The different rates in GS and SlS were attributed to the higher relative abundances of fermentative microorganisms found in SlS and higher relative abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)found in GS.

关键词： Sludge flotation Granular sludge Slime.like substances Glycerol fermentation Sulfate reduction Removal efficiency

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The relationship between DNA fragmentation and the intensity of morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第1期13卷 22-27页

作者： Mercedes González-Martínez Pascual Sánchez-Martín Carmen lópez-fernández Stephen D.Johnston Jaime Gosálvez Clínica Ginemed Unidad de ReproducciónSevillaSpain Department of Biology Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblancoMadridSpain School of environment The University of QueenslandGattonAustralia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonAustralia

Objective:To determine the relationship between teratozoospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)in the human ejaculate.Methods:This retrospective study included 100 normozoospermic men as a control cohort(abnormal forms>14%),210 patients with a high level of abnormal forms(≤4%)and 65 patients presenting with a moderate.level of abnormal forms(>4%to≤14%)based on the World He.lth Organization definitions.Sperm morphology was assessed using bright field microscopy.Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay.Non-parametric analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses were conducted to assess sensitivity and specificity of this relationship.Results:A correlation analysis reve.led that the higher the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate,the higher the.level of SDF(Spearman's Rho=-0.230;Perences in the proportion of SDF were found when all cohorts were compared(Pese significant differences were also retained when the different cohorts were compared pairwise.ROC analysis showed a moderate but significant predictive value for SDF to differentiate patients with different levels of teratozoospemia.Conclusions:Although analysis of a more continuous range of values for teratozoospermia would help further clarify any causal relationship with SDF,there is clearly a synergistic or coincident affiliation between these variables that needs to be acknowledged by the clinician when interpreting the spermiogram.

关键词： Teratozoospermia Sperm morphology Sperm DNA fragmentation Male factor Human reproduction Human fertility

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Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water bee.les

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： Susana Pallarés David Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez David Sánchez-fernández Department of Zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of Biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable environments.However,due to evolutionary trade-offs,taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have.little plasticity of such limits(trade-off hypothesis).The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients,but average temperature also varies along such gradients.We explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean saline water bee.les(families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae).For each species,we compared two populations where the species coexist,with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability(continental vs.coastal population).We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population,previously acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found species-specific patterns but overall,our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges,which were wider in the continental(more variable)population.In the two hydrophilid species,this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population,supporting the trade-off hypothesis,but not in the dytiscid one.Our results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms,but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic insects.Ove.looking such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic insects climate change heat coma temperature supercooling point thermal plasticity

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liquid biopsy for gastric cancer:Techniques,applications,and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1680-1705页

作者： Cristina Díaz del Arco M Jesús fernández Aceñero luis Ortega Medina Department of Surgical Pathology Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San CarlosHospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain Department of legal Medicine Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain

After the study of circulating tumor ce.ls in blood through liquid biopsy(lB),this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor,such as nucleic acids,extrace.lular vesicles,tumor-educated platelets,and other metabolites.Additionally,research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma,such as saliva,gastric juice,urine,or stool.lB techniques are diverse,intricate,and variable.They must be highly sensitive,and pre-analytical,patient,and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold,diagnostic method selection,and potential results.Consequently,the implementation of lB in clinical practice still faces several challenges.The potential applications of lB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases,monitoring treatment response,early identification of relapses,or assessing patient risk.On the other hand,gastric cancer(GC)is a disease often diagnosed at advanced stages.Despite recent advances in molecular understanding,the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these patients.The application of lB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these patients.In this comprehensive review,from a pathologist’s perspective,we provide an overview of the main options available in lB,delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques,explore the potential utility of lB application in the context of GC,and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.

关键词： liquid biopsy Gastric cancer Circulating tumor ce.ls Ce.l-free DNA Circulating tumor DNA Molecular

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Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Roure Sílvia Vallès Xavier Pérez-Quílez Olga lópez-Mu?oz Israel Chamorro Anna Abad elena Valerio lluís Soldevila laura espa?a Sergio Hegazy Alaa H. A. fernández-Rivas Gema Gorriz ester Herena Dolores Oliveira Mário Miralles Maria Carme Conde Carmen Montero-Alia Juan José fernández-Pedregal elia Miranda-Sánchez Jose.llibre Josep M. Isnard Mar Bonet Josep Maria estrada Oriol Prat Núria Clotet Bonaventura The Schisto-Stop study group Primary He.lth Care Unit Mataró-(Rocafonda-Palau) Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Camí Ral el Ravalet Mataró Barcelona Spain Barcelona North Metropolitan Primary Care Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Ctra. de Barcelona Sabadell Barcelona Spain Directorate for Innovation and Interdisciplinary Cooperation Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Directorate Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain International He.lth Program (PROSICS) Barcelona North Metropolitan Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases Catalan Institute for Health CAP La Salut Passatge dels Encants S/N Badalona Spain Fundació lluita contra les Infeccions c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Microbiology Department Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Department of Genetics and Microbiology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Faculty of Medicine University of Asyut El Fateh Assiut Governorate Egypt Department of Urology Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Canove.les Primary He.lth Care Unit Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Indústria Canovelles Spain

Background Schistosomiasis is highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and frequently imported to europe. Male urogenital manifestations are often ne.lected. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of genitourinary clinical signs and symptoms among long-term African migrants in a non-endemic european country using a serology test.Methods We carried out a prospective, community-based cross-sectional study of adult male migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain.Schistosoma serology tests and microscopic urine examinations were carried out, and clinical data were obtained from an electronic medical record search and a structured questionnaire.Results We included 388 adult males, mean age 43.5 years [Standard Deviation (SD) = 12.0, range: 18–76]. The median time since migration to the european Union was 17 [Interquartile range (IQR): 11–21] years. The most frequent country of origin was Senegal (N = 179, 46.1%). Of the 338, 147 (37.6%) tested positive forSchistosoma. Parasite eggs were present in the urine of only 1.3%. Nine genitourinary clinical items were significantly associated with positiveSchistosoma serology results: pelvic pain (45.2%;OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.0–2.4), pain on ejaculation (14.5%;OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.0–3.5), dyspareunia (12.4%;OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.2–5.2), erectile dysfunction (9.5%;OR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.3–7.6), self-reported episodes of infertility (32.1%;OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.0–2.8), haematuria (55.2%;OR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.5–3.6), dysuria (52.1%;OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.3–3.1), undiagnosed syndromic STIs (5.4%), and orchitis (20.7%;OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1). Clinical signs tended to cluster.Conclusions Urogenital clinical signs and symptoms are prevalent among male African long-term migrants with a positiveSchistosoma serology results. Genital involvement can be frequent even among those with long periods of non-residence in their sub-Saharan African countries of origin. Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate therapeutic approaches to chronic schistosomiasis.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Chronic schistosomiasis Urogenital schistosomiasis Male genital schistosomiasis longterm migrant

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