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Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: Definitions and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10740-10751页

作者： Nicole e lopez Cristina Prendergast Andrew m Lowy Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While surgical resection remains the only curative option, more than 80% of patients present with unresectable disease. Unfortunately, even among those who undergo resection, the reported median survival is 15-23 mo, with a 5-year survival of approximately 20%. Disappointingly, over the past several decades, despite improvements in diagnostic imaging, surgical technique and chemotherapeutic options, only modest improvements in survival have been realized. Nevertheless, it remains clear that surgical resection is a prerequisite for achieving longterm survival and cure. There is now emerging consensus that a subgroup of patients, previously considered poor candidates for resection because of the relationship of their primary tumor to surrounding vasculature, may benefit from resection, particularly when preceded by neoadjuvant therapy. This stage of disease, termed borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, has become of increasing interest and is now the focus of a multiinstitutional clinical trial. Here we outline the history, progress, current treatment recommendations, and future directions for research in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer Neoadjuvant Vascular resection Pancreaticoduodenectomy Whipple

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer m.Colón-mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose m.Santiago Samuel e.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain eAAT-1/GLAST eAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

evolution in the formation of graphene nanocapsules from coal tar pitch

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第4期7卷 816-824页

作者： D.m.Puente-Siller A.e.Garcia-Castillo J.A.lopez-Corpus A.Perea-Garduno Department of Research and Development Altos Hornos de MexicoS.A.B.de C.V.Prolongacion JuarezS/NLa Loma.25770 Monclova.CoahuilaMexico

It has recently been reported that coal tar pitch(CTP)can be utilised as raw material for the production of graphene nanocapsules(GNCs)because it is formed by a great quantity of aromatic organic compounds(which promote the rearrangement of double bonds by a process of polymerisation).Due to the importance of graphene and the search for a non-expensive methodology to produce it,this work used CTP to synthesise GNCs using an in situ activation technique at low temperatures and evaluating the effect of the working temperature on the formation of such *** other words,analysing the form of the particle as the temperature rises from 600 to 900℃.As result of the experimentation,powders were obtained and analysed by the techniques of X-Ray Diffraction,Raman Spectroscopy and microscopy,employing Field Fmission Scanning electron microscopy by normal mode as well as by Scanning Transmission electron microscopy and a High-Resolution Scanning electron *** results show that working with temperatures between 800 and 850℃promotes the production of GNCs,considering that their size reduces as the working temperature rises.

关键词： Synthesis Nanocapsule Graphene Tar Agglomeration

Valorization of Kraft Lignin as Thickener in Castor Oil for Lubricant Applications

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Journal of Renewable materials 2018年第4期6卷 347-361页

作者： A.m.Borrero-lopez F.J.Santiago-medina C.Valencia m.e.eugenio R.martin-Sampedro J.m.Franco Department of Chemical engineering University of HuelvaEl Carmen CampusAgrifood Campus of International Excellence(ceiA3)21071 HuelvaSpain Pro2TecS-Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Center University of Huelva21071 HuelvaSpain INIA-CIFOR Ctra de la Coruñakm 7.5.28040MadridSpain

It is known that large amounts of residual lignin are generated in the pulp and paper industry.A new alternative for Kraft lignin valorization,which consists of first a chemical modification using a diisocyanate and then the efficient dispersion in castor oil to achieve stable gel-like systems,is proposed in this *** properties and microstructure of these materials were determined by means of small amplitude oscillatory shear tests and viscous flow measurements and atomic force microscopy observations,***,both standardized penetration tests and tribological assays,usually performed in the lubricant industry,were carried out to evaluate the performance characteristics as lubricating *** viscoelasticity functions are affected by the lignin/diisocyanate ratio and thickener *** thermorheological response evidenced a softening temperature of around 105°*** microstructure of these gel-like dispersions is composed of interconnected thin fibers,homogeneously distributed in castor ***,the NCO-functionalized lignin gel-like dispersions studied show lower friction coefficients than traditional lubricating greases.

关键词： Kraft lignin diisocyanate gel-like dispersion rheology thermal properties

Ozone forming potential and sulfur effects on in-use vehicles of the metropolitan area of mexico City

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2006年第3期7卷 463-471页

作者： SCHIFTeR I. DíAZ L. lopez-SALINAS e. Instituto mexicano del Petróleo Estudios Ambientales Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152 San Bartolo Atepehuacan México D.F. 07730 Mexico

The largest urban areas of mexico cities have witnessed high levels of air pollution in the past few decades. The most important air pollutants are ozone and paniculate matter with levels that are still far above current air quality standard. In this work we studied exhaust and evaporative emissions of mexico City metropolitan area （mAmC） vehicles using fuels in which sulfur content was varied from 89×10^-6 to 817×10^-6, and calculated the ozone forming potential of emissions as well as the specific reactivity of the exhaust for each average fleet-fuel combinations. Data on emission levels were compared to those obtained in 2000 for the same vintage of vehicles. The almost twofold increase in emissions found could be due to degradation of the exhaust emissions control systems.

关键词： Fuel formulation Ozone forming potential Vehicles emissions mexico

First report of L1014F kdr mutation in Culex quinquefasciatus in mexico

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 829-834页

作者： Gustavo Ponce Iram P. Sanchez Selene m. Garcia Jose m. Torrado Saul Lozano-Fuentes Beatriz lopez-monroy Adriana e. Flores Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon A v. Universidad sin Cd. Universitaria San Nicolas de los GarzaN.L. 66455 Mexico Department of microbiology Immunology and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA

The L1014F mutation in the voltage-sodium channel gene has been associated with resistance to DDT and pyrethroids in various arthropod species including mosquitoes. We determined the frequency of the L1014F kdr mutation in 16 field populations of Culex quinquefasciatus from Northeastern mexico collected between 2008 and 2013. The L1014F was present in all populations analyzed with the lowest frequency （3.33%） corresponding to the population from monclova collected in 2012, and the highest frequency （63.63%） from the monterrey population collected in 2012. The presence of a kdr mutation in populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus from northeastern mexico provides evidence ofpyrethroid resistance. This requires a special attention, considering that pyrethroid-based insecticides are commonly used in vector-control campaigns, especially against Aedes aegypti （L.）.

关键词： Culex quinquefasciatus insecticide resistance kdr L 1014F mutation

Loss of largest and oldest individuals of the montpellier snake correlates with recent warming in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 607-613页

作者： Cosme lopez-CALDeRON monica FeRICHe esmeralda ALAmINOS Juan m. PLeGUeZUeLOS Department of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Seville C/Reina Mercedes Seville E-41012 Spain Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences University of Granada Granada E-18071 Spain

The effects of climate change on organisms are now being extensively studied in many different taxa. However, the variation in body size, usually shrinkage in response to increasing temperature, has received little attention regarding to reptiles. During past periods of global warming, many organisms shrank in size, and current evidence and experiments manipulating temperature have shown a biomass decrease in some organisms with increasing temperatures. Here we test whether the body size of the montpellier snake malpolon rnonspessulanus from the southeastern Iberian Peninsula is changing and correlated with the increasing temperature in this region during a 39- year period （1976-2014）. We measured the snout-vent length （SVL） of vouchers in scientific collections to check for trends in adult body size at the population level in relation with temperature, while controlling for the age of the individuals （estimated by skeletochronology, n =141）. Given the great ontogenetic variation in body size of the study species, we categorized age in 3 classes：＂young adults＂（under 5 years old）, ＂intermediate adults＂（from 5 to 7 years old）, and ＂old adults＂（from 8 to 14 years old）. By means of linear mixed models, we found a negative relationship between SVL of ＂old adults＂ and average annual temperature in the region during the lifetime of each individual. Our results indicate that largest and oldest individuals of the montpellier Snake, that is, males because of strong sexual size dimorphism in this species, disappeared from the study population, and suggest that it occurred in response to rising environmental temperature.

关键词： body shrinkage climate warming differential mortality malpolon monspessulanus skeletochronology snakes Spain.

environmental chemical study on the marsh of Fatimid cemetery at Aswan City, egypt

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2002年第4期14卷 464-473页

作者： m.e.Soltan Chemistry Department Faculty of Science

environmental chemical study were carried out on the Fatimid cemetery marsh at Aswan City(24°1'N and 32°9'e), egypt. marsh contents(warter, soil, sediment, metal and nonmetal bearing salts, and emergent weed) were analysed to known the source of marsh water, speciation of the different elements between the marsh contents, and the toleration of emergent weed (Phargmites australies) for different metals and their bioaccumulation coefficients. Thus, metals(Ca, mg, Na, K, Ni, Fe, mn, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) and nonmetals(CO 2- 3, HCO - 3, Cl -, SO 2- 4, PO 3- 4, NO - 3, SiO 2, organic matter and pH value) were determined in the samples. According to the chemical analysis, and applying the base exchange equation(water type) and calculate the hydrochemical parameters for marsh water samples, we can indicate that the marsh water is ground water with Na SO 4 type and deep meteoric genesis. Topsoil of marsh dry land characterized by CaCl as dominant salt,while NaCl is a dominant salt in subsoil. The elevated pH values of marsh contents minimized the metal solubilities in different samples. Phragmites australies showed a strong ability to accumulate mn and Fe in the aerial part in opposite to Co, Ni and Cd.

关键词： marsh water soil sediment emergent weed egypt

A simple,azulene-based colorimetric probe for the detection of nitrite in water

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2020年第1期14卷 90-96,F0004页

作者： Lloyd C.murfin Carlos m.lopez-Alled Adam C.Sedgwick Jannis Wenk Tony D.James Simon e.Lewis Department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA27AYUK Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies University of BathBath BA27AYUK Department of Chemical engineering and Water Innovation and Research Centre(WIRC@Bath) University of BathBath BA27AYUK

We describe the synthesis and evaluation of an azulene-based chemodosimeter for *** probe was found to undergo two distinct color changes upon introduction of aqueous nitrite ion.A near-instant formation of a grey color provides a qualitative indication of the presence of nitrite,followed by the formation of a deep-yellow/orange color,the endpoint from which quantitative data can be *** azulene probe exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry of reaction with nitrite in water,and is selective for nitrite over other *** azulene probe was applied to determine nitrite content in cured meat,and compared with the British Standard testing procedure(Griess test).The value obtained from the azulene-based probe agreed closely with the standard *** procedure only requires the preparation of one standard solution,instead of the three required for the standard Griess test.

关键词： azulene nitrite diazoquinone