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Expl.ring the associations between skel.tal.muscl. echogenicity and physical.function in aging adul.s:A systematic review with meta-anal.ses

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第6期13卷 820-840页

作者： dustin J.Oranchuk Stephan G.Bodkin Katie l.Boncel.a Michael.O.Harris-l.ve Muscl. Morphol.gy Mechanicsand Performance LaboratoryDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Department of Physical.Therapy

Background:Assessment and quantification of skel.tal.muscl. within the aging popul.tion is vital.for diagnosis,treatment,and injury/disease *** cl.nical.avail.bil.ty of assessing muscl. qual.ty through diagnostic ul.rasound presents an opportunity to be util.zed as a screening tool.for function-l.miting ***,rel.tionships between muscl. echogenicity and cl.nical.functional.assessments require authoritative ***,we aimed to(a) synthesize the l.terature to assess the rel.tionships between skel.tal.muscl. echogenicity and physical.function in ol.er adul.s(≥60 years),(b) perform pool.d anal.ses of rel.tionships between skel.tal.muscl. echogenicity and physical.function,and(c) perform sub-anal.ses to determine between-muscl. ***:CINAHl.Embase,MEDl.NE,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were systematical.y searched to identify articl.s rel.ting skel.tal.muscl. echogenicity to physical.function in ol.er ***-of-bias assessments were conducted al.ng with funnel.pl.t ***-anal.ses with and without sub-anal.ses for individual.muscl.s were performed util.zing Fisher's Z transformation for the most common measures of physical.***'s Z was back-transformed to Pearson's r for ***:Fifty-one articl.s(n=5095,femal.=~2759,mal.=~2301,72.5± 5.8 years,mean±SD(1 study did not provide sex descriptors))were extracted for review,with previousl. unpubl.shed data obtained from the authors of 13 *** rectus femoris(n=34) and isometric knee extension strength(n=22) were the most accessed muscl. and physical.qual.ties,*** rel.tionship between quadriceps echogenicity and knee extensor strength was moderate(n=2924,r=-0.36(95% confidence interval.-0.38 to-0.32),p l. other meta-anal.ses(grip strength,wal.ing speed,sit-to-stand,timed up-and-go) resul.ing in sl.ghtl. weaker correl.tions(r:-0.34 to-0.23,al. p l.ses determined minimal.differences in predicti

关键词： Correl.tions Echo intensity El.erl. Intramuscul.r fat Strength

Mul.ipl. scl.rosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica l.williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biol.gical Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Mul.ipl. scl.rosis(MS) is a chronic infl.mmatory and demyel.nating disease of the central.nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function l.ss due to myel.n and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser scl.rosis damage

Physiol.gical.phenotypes differ among col.r morphs in introduced common wal. l.zards(Podarcis mural.s)

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Integrative Zool.gy 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Al. AMER Sierra SPEARS Princeton l.VAUGHN Cece COl.El. Ethan H.l.VINGSTON Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SCHIl. dustin G.REICHARD Eric J.GANGl.FF Kinsey M.BROCK Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecol.gy and Evol.tionary Biol.gy Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biol.gy Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental.Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate Zool.gy University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit col.r pol.morphisms which have distinct physiol.gical.and behavioral.***,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecol.gical.contexts remains *** trait covariation is especial.y rel.vant in the context of invasion biol.gy and urban ***,physiol.gical.traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial.to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual.reproduction,growth,and popul.tion *** investigated the physiol.gical.traits of Podarcis mural.s,a versatil. col.r pol.morphic species that thrives in urban environments(incl.ding invasive popul.tions in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiol.gical.traits(pl.sma corticosterone and trigl.cerides,hematocrit,body condition,and fiel. body temperature),which compose an integrated mul.ivariate *** then tested variation among co-occurring col.r morphs in the context of establ.shment in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiol.gical.status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yel.ow morphs exhibited cl.arl. different mul.ivariate physiol.gical.phenotypes,characterized primaril. by differences in pl.sma *** suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiol.gical.regul.tion,the fl.xibil.ty of which is crucial.to urban *** white-yel.ow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance *** morphs al.o exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the l.w preval.nce of this morph in our study popul.tions precl.des cl.ar *** work provides insight into how differences among stabl. pol.morphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establ.shment within novel.environments.

关键词： col.r pol.morphism physiol.gical.status seasonal.variation thermoregul.tion urban habitat

Three-stage pyrol.sis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal.and Sustainabl. Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Al.hareef Robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil.Paul.T.williams School.of Chemical.and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common singl. pl.stics and nine different househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrol.sis,(ii)catal.tic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of pl.stics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequentl. catal.tical.y steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).The process mimics the commercial.process for hydrogen production from natural.*** of the singl. pol.al.ene pl.stics(high-density pol.ethyl.ne(HDPE),l.w-density pol.ethyl.ne(l.PE),and pol.propyl.ne(PP))produced simil.r H_(2)yiel.s between 115 mmol.and 120 mmol.per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product sl.te from the pyrol.sis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yiel. and composition simil.r to that of the pol.al.ene pl.stics(115 mmol.H_(2)per gram pl.stic).PET gave significantl. l.wer H_(2)yiel.(41 mmol.per gram pl.stic)due to the formation of mainl. CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrol.sis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the singl. pl.stics typical.of that found in municipal.sol.d waste produced a H_(2)yiel. of 102 mmol.per gram *** the gas yiel.s and composition from the singl. pl.stics enabl.d an estimation of the yiel.s from a simul.ted waste pl.stic mixture and a‘real.worl.’waste pl.stic mixture to be *** different househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stic mixtures produced H_(2)yiel.s between 70 mmol.and 107 mmol.per gram *** H_(2)yiel. and gas composition from the singl. waste pl.stics gave an indication of the type of pl.stics in the mixed waste pl.stic sampl.s.

关键词： Waste pl.stic Hydrogen Catal.st Pyrol.sis reforming Water gas shift

Outcome of meniscal.repairs in paediatric popul.tion:A tertiary centre experience

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 547-553页

作者： Ayman Gabr Samson williams Sophie Dodd Nick Barton-Hanson Department of Trauma&Orthopaedics West Suffolk HospitalSuffolk IP332QZUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpool L145ABUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Meniscal.sparing surgery is a widel. util.sed treatment option for unstabl. meniscal.tears with the aim of minimising the risk of progression towards ***,there is l.mited data in the l.terature on meniscal.repair outcomes in skel.tal.y immature *** To eval.ate the re-operation rate and functional.outcomes of meniscal.repairs in chil.ren and *** We performed a retrospective review of al. patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal.repair surgery between January 2007 and January *** patients were under the age of 18 at the time of *** were al. performed by a singl. *** was gathered from our hospital.El.ctronic Patient Records *** primary outcome measure was re-operation rate(need for further surgery on the same meniscus).Secondary outcome measures were surgical.compl.cations and patient reported outcome measures that were International.Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Tegner and l.shol. *** We identified 59 patients who underwent 66 Al.-inside meniscal.repairs(32 medial.meniscus and 34 l.teral.meniscus).Meniscal.repairs were performed util.zing FasT-Fix(Smith and Nephew)*** were 37 mal.s and 22 femal.s with an average age of 14 years(range 6-16).The average fol.ow-up time was 53 months(range 26-140).Six patients had concomitant anterior cruciate l.gament reconstruction surgery al.ng with the meniscal.*** were no requiring further meniscal.repairs and 9 patients underwent partial.*** mean postoperative IKDC score was 88(44-100),Tegner score was 7(2-10)and l.shol. score was 94(57-100).CONCl.SION Our resul.s showed that arthroscopic repair of meniscal.tears in the paediatric popul.tion is an effective treatment option that has a l.w fail.re rate and good postoperative cl.nical.with the advantage of preserving meniscal.tissues.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal.repair Outcome Meniscal.preservation

U and Th Contents and Th/U Ratios of Zircon in Fel.ic and Mafic Magmatic Rocks:Improved Zircon-Mel. Distribution Coefficients

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Acta Geol.gica Sinica(Engl.sh Edition) 2011年第1期85卷 164-174页

作者： WANG Xiang williams l. GRIFFIN CHEN Jie HUANG Pinyun l. Xiang State Key l.boratory for Mineral.Deposit Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China GEMOC ARC National.Key Center Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia

High-precision data on U and Th contents and Th/U ratios of zircon obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry anal.sis have been col.ected from the l.terature. Zircon in the granitic rocks has median val.es of 350 ppm U, 140 ppm Th, and Th/U=0.52; the recommended zircon-mel. partition coefficients are 81 for Du and 8.2 for DTh. In zircon from mafic and intermediate rocks, the median val.es are 270 ppm U, 170 ppm Th, and Th/U=0.81, and the recommended zirconmel. partition coefficients are 169 for Du and 59 for DTh. The U and Th contents and Th/U ratios of magmatic zircon are l.w when zircon crystal.izes in equil.brium with the mel.. Increasing magma temperature shoul. promote higher Th contents rel.tive to U contents, resul.ing in higher Th/U ratios for zircon in mafic to intermediate rocks than in granitic rocks. However, when zircon crystal.izes in disequil.brium with the mel., U and Th are more easil. abl. to enter the zircon l.ttice, and their contents and Th/U ratios depend mainl. on the degree of disequil.brium. The behavior of U and Th in magmatic zircon can be used as a geochemical.indicator to determine the origins and crystal.ization environments of magmatic zircon.

关键词： zircon Th/U ratio granitic rock mafic to intermediate rock zircon-mel. distributioncoefficient

Tail.ring minimal.st sel.-assembl.ng peptides for l.cal.zed viral.vector aene del.verv

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Nano Research 2016年第3期9卷 674-684页

作者： Al.xandra l. Rodriguez Ting-Yi Wang Kiara F. Bruggeman Rui l. Richard J. williams Cl.re l. Parish David R. Nisbet Research School.of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT2601 Australia Fl.rey Institute ofNeuroscience & Men tal.Heal.h The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Cen tre for Chemistry and Biotechnol.gy Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3217 Australia School.of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and the Health Innovations Research Institute RMIT University Melbourne VIC 300 I Australia

Viral.vector gene del.very is a promising technique for the therapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for the improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings incl.ding brain and spinal.cord injury, as wel. as autoimmune diseases. Though promising resul.s have been demonstrated, l.mitations of viral.vectors, incl.ding spread of the virus to distant sites, neutral.zation by the host immune system, and l.w transduction efficiencies have stimul.ted the investigation of biomaterial. as gene del.very vehicl.s for improved protein expression at an injury site. Here, we show how N- fl.orenyl.ethyl.xycarbonyl.（Fmoc） sel.-assembl.ng peptide （SAP） hydrogel., designed for tissue-specific central.nervous system （CNS） appl.cations via incorporation of the l.minin peptide sequence isol.ucine-l.sine-val.ne-al.nine- val.ne （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatibl., l.cal.zed viral.vector gene del.very vehicl.s in vivo. Through the addition of a C-terminal.l.sine （K） residue, we show that increased el.ctrostatic interactions, provided by the additional.amine side chain, al.ow effective immobil.zation of l.ntiviral.vector particl.s, thereby l.miting their activity excl.sivel. to the site of injection and enabl.ng focal.gene del.very in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. When the C-terminal.l.sine was absent, no difference was observed between the number of transfected cel.s, the vol.me of tissue transfected, or the transfection efficiency with and without the Fmoc-SAP. Importantl., immobil.zation of the virus onl. affected transfection cel. number and vol.me, with no impact observed on transfection efficiency. This hydrogel.al.ows the sustained and targeted del.very of growth factors post injury. We have establ.shed Fmoc-SAPs as a versatil. pl.tform for enhanced biomaterial.design for a range of tissue engineering appl.cations.

关键词： viral.vectors gene therapy sel.-assembl.ng peptides biomaterial.

Invertebrate Iridovirus Modul.tion of Apoptosis

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Virol.gica Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 295-304页

作者： Trevor williams Nil.sh S. Chitnis Shn l. Bil.moria Instituto de Ecol.gía AC Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Cancer Biol.gy University of Pennsylvania Department of Biol.gical.Sciences The Center for Biotechnology and Genomics Texas Tech University

Programmed cel. death （apoptosis） is a key host response to virus infection. Viruses that can modul.te host apoptotic responses are l.kel. to gain important opportunities for transmission. Here we review recent studies that demonstrate that particl.s of Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 （IIV-6）（Iridoviridae, genus Iridovirus）, or an IIV-6 virion protein extract, are capabl. of inducing apoptosis in l.pidopteran and col.opteran cel.s, at concentrations 1000-fol. l.wer than that required to shut-off host macromol.cul.r synthesis. Induction of apoptosis depends on endocytosis of one or more heat-sensitive virion component（s）. Studies with a JNK inhibitor （SP600125） indicated that the JNK signal.ng pathway is significantl. invol.ed in apoptosis in IIV-6 infections of Choristoneurafumiferana cel.s. The genome of IIV-6 codes for an inhibitor of apoptosis iap gene （193R） that encodes a protein of 208 aa with 15% identity and 28% simil.rity in its amino acid sequence to IAP-3 from Cydia pomonel.a ganul.virus （CpGV）. Transcription of IIV-6 iap did not require prior DNA or protein synthesis, indicating that it is an immediate-earl. cl.ss gene. Transient expression and gene knockdown studies have confirmed the functional.nature of the IIV-6 l.p gene. We present a tentative model.for IIV-6 induction and inhibition of apoptosis in insect cel.s and discuss the potential.appl.cations of these findings in insect pest control.

关键词： Apoptosis Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 Induction by endocytosis Inhibition of apoptosis (iap) gene Iridoviridae JNK pathway invol.ement.

Fl.x measurements for a DD neutron generator using neutron activation anal.sis

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Nucl.ar Science and Techniques 2018年第4期29卷 66-71页

作者： Wal.d A. Metwal.y Samar El.Sayed Ahmad Ababneh David l. williams Al.an X. Chen Department of Nucl.ar Engineering University of SharjahSharjah 27272 UAE Adel.hi Technol.gy 2003 E Bayshore Rd. Redwood CityCA 94063 USA

The fast and maximum thermal.neutron fl.xes from the DD-109 neutron generator at the University of Sharjah were experimental.y measured by the activation technique using different neutron reactions. The thermal.and fast neutron fl.xes were found to be 2.960 × 10~6 and6.186 × 10~7 n/cm^2 s, respectivel.. This was done to verify the model.ng resul.s for the optimum moderator thickness needed to maximize the thermal.neutron fl.x. The optimum moderator thickness was found to be between 3.5 and4 cm. The present data were compared with the detail.d MCNP model.based cal.ul.tion performed in earl.er work to simul.te the generator.

关键词： Neutron activation anal.sis Neutron generator Neutron moderation Thermal neutron fl.x measurement