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The shifts of precipitation phases and their impacts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： xuemei LI Tao CHE Yuanlong TANG Huan'e duan Guigang WANG xu ZHANG Chuanming YANG jun WU Yue ZHANG Lanhai LI Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong University National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring Key Laboratory of Science and Technology in Surveying & Mapping Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese academy of Sciences Tianshan Snow Cover and Avalanche Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang

Precipitation comes in various phases, including rainfall, snowfall, sleet, and hail. Shifts of precipitation phases, as well as changes in precipitation amount, intensity, and frequency, have significant impacts on regional climate, hydrology,ecology, and the energy balance of the land-atmosphere system. Over the past century, certain progress has been achieved in aspects such as the observation, discrimination, transformation, and impact of precipitation phases. Mainly including:since the1980s, studies on the observation, formation mechanism, and prediction of precipitation phases have gradually received greater attention and reached a certain scale. The estimation of different precipitation phases using new detection theories and methods has become a research focus. Avariety of discrimination methods or schemes, such as the potential thickness threshold method of the air layer, the temperature threshold method of the characteristic layer, and the near-surface air temperature threshold method,have emerged one after another. Meanwhile, comparative studies on the discrimination accuracy and applicability assessment of multiple methods or schemes have also been carried out simultaneously. In recent years, the shift of precipitation from solid to liquid (SPSL) in the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has become more pronounced due to global warming and human activities. It leads to an increase in rain-on-snow (ROS) events and avalanche disasters, affecting the speed, intensity, and duration of spring snow-melting, accelerating sea ice and glacier melting, releasing carbon from permafrost, altering soil moisture, productivity, and phenological characteristics of ecosystems, and thereby affecting their structures, processes, qualities, and service functions. Although some progress has been made in the study of precipitation phases, there remains considerable research potential in terms of completeness of basic data, reliability of discrimination schemes,

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Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin duan Feiyang Xing jun Wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

Persistent alterations in gray matter in COVID-19 patients experiencing sleep disturbances:a 3-month longitudinal study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 3013-3024页

作者： Kaixuan Zhou Gaoxiong duan Ying Liu Bei Peng Xiaoyan Zhou Lixia Qin Lingyan Liang Yichen Wei Qingping Zhang Xiaocheng Li Haixia Qin Yinqi Lai Yian Lu Yan Zhang Jiazhu Huang Jinli Huang Yinfei Ouyang Bolin Bin Mingming Zhao jun Liu Jianrong Yang Demao Deng Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine School of MedicineGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Department of Radiology the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionGuangxi Academy of Medical SciencesNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Department of Sleep Medicine the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Department of Radiology The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Sleep Medicine the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina

Sleep disturbances are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 *** studies have demonstrated abnormal brain structures in patients with sleep disturbances who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,neuroimaging studies on sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19 are scarce,and existing studies have primarily focused on the long-term effects of the virus,with minimal acute phase *** a result,little is known about the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in the acute phase of *** address this issue,we designed a longitudinal study to investigate whether alterations in brain structure occur during the acute phase of infection,and verified the results using 3-month follow-up data.A total of 26 COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances(aged 51.5±13.57 years,8 women and 18 men),27 COVID-19 patients without sleep disturbances(aged 47.33±15.98 years,9 women and 18 men),and 31 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(aged 49.19±17.51 years,9 women and 22 men)were included in this *** COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances were included in a longitudinal *** found that COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances exhibited brain structural changes in almost all brain *** cortical thicknesses of the left pars opercularis and left precuneus were significantly negatively correlated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ***,we observed changes in the volume of the hippocampus and its subfield regions in COVID-19 patients compared with the healthy *** 3-month follow-up data revealed indices of altered cerebral structure(cortical thickness,cortical grey matter volume,and cortical surface area)in the frontal-parietal cortex compared with the baseline in COVID-19 patients with sleep *** findings indicate that the sleep disturbances patients had altered morphology in the cortical an

关键词： brain structure cortical gray matter volume cortical surface area cortical thickness hippocampus magnetic resonance imaging Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections sleep disturbances sub-cortical volume

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豆荚状磁性碳纳米管降解雷尼替丁性能研究

水处理技术 2025年第1期51卷 64-70页

作者：段旭艾伟宋海东杜红霞张军中国市政工程西北设计研究院有限公司甘肃兰州730000 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院陕西西安710055

本研究通过简便的一锅煅烧法制备了一种新型碳基催化剂,该催化剂为包裹Fe_(3)C颗粒的氮掺杂碳纳米管(Fe_(3)C@NCNTs)。利用多种表征手段探究了材料的晶格结构、微观形貌、元素组成和磁性能,该豆荚状磁性碳纳米管的特定结构既有利于电子... 详细信息

本研究通过简便的一锅煅烧法制备了一种新型碳基催化剂,该催化剂为包裹Fe_(3)C颗粒的氮掺杂碳纳米管(Fe_(3)C@NCNTs)。利用多种表征手段探究了材料的晶格结构、微观形貌、元素组成和磁性能,该豆荚状磁性碳纳米管的特定结构既有利于电子转移,又能防止Fe_(3)C在溶液中溶解。将其用于活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解典型胃药雷尼替丁(RNT)。当煅烧温度为800℃时,Fe_(3)C@NCNTs表现出最高的催化活性。通过优化反应条件,得出在RNT初始浓度为10 mg/L,催化剂投加量为0.3 g/L,PMS浓度为0.5 mmol/L、pH=7时,Fe_(3)C@NCNTs-800/PMS体系30 min内对RNT的降解效率达到97.68%,反应速率常数达0.1271 min^(-1)。此外,循环实验表明热处理有利于重塑Fe_(3)C@NCNTs的催化活性且对其晶型无明显影响。活性氧物种淬灭和捕获实验表明·OH、·SO_(4)^(-)、·O_(2)^(-)和^(1)O_(2)共同参与了RNT的降解,提出了该反应体系可能涉及的电子转移机理。

关键词：磁性纳米材料碳纳米管过一硫酸盐雷尼替丁催化

High-precision low-power quartz tuning fork temperature sensor with optimized resonance excitation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2013年第4期14卷 264-273页

作者： jun xu Xin LI Jin-hua duan Hai-bo xu College of Automation Harbin University of Science and Technology Computer Center Harbin University of Science and Technology

This paper presents the design,fabrication,and characterization of a quartz tuning fork temperature sensor based on a new ZY-cut quartz crystal bulk acoustic wave resonator vibrating in a flexural *** and performance analysis of the quartz tuning fork temperature sensor were conducted and the thermal sensing characteristics were examined by measuring the resonance frequency shift of this sensor caused by an external *** element method is used to analyze the vibratory modes and optimize the structure of the *** sensor prototype was successfully fabricated and calibrated in operation from 0 to 100 ℃ with the thermo-sensitivity of 70×10-6/℃.Experimental results show that the sensor has high thermo-sensitivity,good stability,and good *** work presents a high-precision low-power temperature sensor using the comprehensive thermal characterization of the ZY-cut quartz tuning fork resonator.

关键词： Tuning fork ZY-cut quartz Quartz micromachining Thermal sensing Temperature sensor

Cobalt anchored CN sheet boosts the performance of electrochemical CO oxidation

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第6期30卷 498-503页

作者： xu Liu jun-Chao Huang Xiang-Mei duan School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

Single-atom catalysts(SACs) have attracted great interest due to their significant roles played in applications of environmental protection, energy conversion, energy storage, and so on. Using first-principles calculations with dispersioncorrection, we investigated the structural stability and catalytic activity of Co implanted CN sheet towards CO *** adsorption energy of CO and O_(2) on the catalysts Co@CN and 2 Co@CN are close, thus preventing CO *** three possible CO oxidation mechanisms, termolecular Eley-Rideal is the most appropriate reaction path, and the corresponding rate-limiting reaction barriers of the two systems are 0.42 eV and 0.38 eV, respectively.

关键词： first-principles calculations single-atom catalyst CO oxidation rate-limiting reaction barrier

KVPO_(4)F/carbon nanocomposite with highly accessible active sites and robust chemical bonds for advanced potassium-ion batteries

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第5期8卷 1469-1478页

作者： Jianzhi xu Liping duan Jiaying Liao Haowei Tang jun Lin Xiaosi Zhou School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China

KVPO_(4)F(KVPF)has been extensively investigated as the potential cathode material for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)owing to its high theoretical capacity,superior operating voltage,and three-dimensional Kt conduction ***,the electrochemical behavior of KVPF is limited by the inherent poor electronic conductivity of the phosphate framework and unstable electrode/electrolyte *** address the above issues,this work proposes an infiltration-calcination method to confine the in-situ grown KVPF into the mesoporous carbon CMK-3(denoted KVPF@CMK-3).The assembled KVPF@CMK-3 nanocomposite features three-dimensional interconnected carbon channels,which not only offer abundant active sites and significantly accelerate K t/electron transport,but also prevent the growth of KVPF nanoparticle agglomerates,hence stabilizing the structure of the ***,V–F–C bonds are created at the interface of KVPF and CMK-3,which reduce the loss of F and stabilize the electrode ***,when tested as a cathode material for PIBs,the KVPF@CMK-3 nanocomposite delivers superior reversible capacitiy(103.2 mAh g^(-1) at 0.2 C),outstanding rate performance(90.1 mAh g^(-1) at 20 C),and steady cycling performance(92.2 mAh g^(-1) at 10 C and with the retention of 88.2%after 500 cycles).Moreover,its potassium storage mechanism is further examined by ex-situ XRD and ex-situ XPS *** above synthetic strategy demonstrates the potential of KVPF@CMK-3 to be applied as the cathode for PIBs.

关键词： Potassium-ion batteries Cathode KVPO_(4)F CMK-3 V–F–C bond

A Co-N/C hollow-sphere electrocatalyst derived from a metanilic CoAl layered double hydroxide for the oxygen reduction reaction, and its active sites in various pH media

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Nano Research 2017年第7期10卷 2508-2518页

作者： jun Wang Liqun Li xu Chen Yanluo Lu Wensheng Yang xue duan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China

Transition-metal-coordinating nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts （M-N/C, M = Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, etc.） are considered one of the most promising nonprecious-metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR）. However, they suffer from low ORR catalytic activity, and their active sites have not been fully identified. Herein, we report the synthesis of a porous Co-N/C hollow-sphere electrocatalyst by carbonization of metanilic anions between the layers of a Co-A1 layered double hydroxide. The as-prepared Co-N/C catalyst exhibited excellent ORR catalytic activity with a high half-wave potential and a large diffusion-limited current in alkaline and neutral solutions. The performance of the catalyst was comparable to those of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. Through investigating the effects of mask ions （SCN- and F-） on the ORR activity of the Co-N/C catalyst, and comparing the ORR activity before and after the destruction of Co-Nx sites in different pH media, we concluded that the Co-Nx sites act directly as the ORR active sites in acidic and neutral solutions, but have a negligible effect on the ORR activity in alkaline conditions.

关键词： confined space hollow carbon sphere hierarchical pore structure electrocatalysts oxygen reduction reaction

Nogo-A and Nogo-A receptor expression in periventricular white matter of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第8期5卷 579-584页

作者： Liming Tan Ying Chi Chunyu Wang1, jun Wu1, Hainan Zhang1, Xiangmin Shen1, Shujuanduan1, Bo JiangI jun Wu Hainan Zhang Xiangmin Shen Shujuan duan Bo Jiang Department of Neurology Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410011Hunan ProvinceChina The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443003Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Yichang Central People's HospitalYichang 443003Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Yichang Central People's HospitalYichang 443003Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND：Previous studies have focused on the correlation between Nogo-A expression and multiple sclerosis or between Nogo-A receptor （NgR） expression and multiple sclerosis in the central nervous system. Expression patterns of Nogo-A and NgR remain poorly understood in rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE）.OBJECTIVE：To observe dynamic changes in Nogo-A and NgR protein expression, and to verify the correlation between Nogo-A and NgR protein, as well as expression patterns at various time points, in periventricular tissue of EAE ***, TIME AND SETrlNG：A neuroimmunological, randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Clinical Institute of Hunan People＇s Hospital of China from September to November ***：Immunohistochemistry （streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method） kit was purchased from Boster, ***：A total of 60 female, Wistar rats, aged 6-8 weeks, ware randomly assigned to EAE and control groups （n = 30, respectively）. Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate, self-made complete Freund＇s adjuvant （0.2 mL/100 g）, and pertussis vaccine （0.2 mL） were subcutaneously injected into the hindlimb foot pad of rats from the EAE group to create rat models of EAE. Complete Freund＇s adjuvant （0.2 mL） was infused into rats from the control *** OUTCOME MEASURES：Nogo-A and NgR protein expression was determined in periventricular white matter using immunohistochemical methods. Neurological scores ware determined in all ***：Rats from the EAE group developed acute-onset EAE following immunization. The pathogenetic symptoms reached a peak on day 15, and neurological scores ware also greatest at this time point. Neurological scores decreased with recovery of the illness. Nogo-A was shown to be expressed in neuronal cells and oligodendrocytes, and expression increased 11 days after immunization （P 〈 0.01）, decreased by day 13 （P 〈 0.01）, and then increased again by day 15. Nogo-A expression remained greater in

关键词： experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis immunohistochemistry pathogenesis Nogo-A Nogo-A receptor