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Identifying the relationships between subsurface absorber defects and the characteristics of kesterite solar cells

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Carbon Energy 2023年第8期5卷 42-54页

作者： Dae-Ho Son Dong-hwan Jeon Dae-hwan kim Jin-Kyu Kang Shi-Joon Sung Jaebaek Lee Taeseon Lee Enkhjargal Enkhbayar JunHo kim Kee-Jeong Yang Division of Energy Technology DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Research Center for Thin Film Solar Cells DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea

Understanding the defect characteristics that occur near the space-charge regions(SCRs)of kesterite(CZTSSe)solar cells is important because the recombination loss at the CZTSSe/CdS interface is considered the main cause of their low *** surfaces with different elemental compositions were formed without polishing(C00)and with polishing for 20 s(C20)and 60 s(C60).For C60,a specific region near the SCR was excessively Cu-rich and Zn-poor compared to C00 and *** charged defects formed where the elemental variation was *** the main deep acceptor defect energy level(E_(a2))near the SCR increased,the efficiency,open-circuit voltage deficit,and current density degraded,and this phenomenon was especially rapid for large E_(a2) *** the E_(a2) near the SCR became deep,the carrier diffusion length decreased more for the CZTSSe solar cells with a low carrier mobility than for the CuInGaSe_(2)(CIGSe)solar *** large amplitude of the electrostatic potential fluctuation in the CZTSSe solar cells induced a high carrier recombination and a short carrier ***,the properties of the CZTSSe solar cells were more strongly degraded by defects with deep energy levels near the SCR than those of the CIGSe solar cells.

关键词： defect density defect energy level elemental variation kesterite space charge region

CaCO_3 film synthesis from ladle furnace slag: morphological change, new material properties, and Ca extraction efficiency

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第12期25卷 1447-1456页

作者： Seung-Woo Lee Yong-Jae kim Jun-hwan Bang Soochun Chae Center for carbon mineralization Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources Frontier in extreme physics Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

A rapidly air-cooled ladle furnace slag(RA-LFS), which is a type of steelmaking slag discharged from a steel mill, was used to synthesize CaCO_3 film. The CaCO_3 film with 35 cm^2 of surface area was synthesized under atmospheric conditions, and the surface morphology of the CaCO_3 films was changed by using additives(CaCl_2 and ethylene glycol). Especially, the addition of CaCl_2 changed the surface morphology of CaCO_3 film with pore and induced new material properties, such as water adsorption. The(012) face of CaCO_3 film(calcite) was rapidly decreased by the addition of CaCl_2. The major components of RA-LFS were calcium(type of CaO, 53.9 wt%) and aluminum(type of Al_2 O_3, 37.9 wt%), and the major crystal phases of RA-LFS were C_3 S, C_(12) A_7, and C_3 A. The calcium extraction efficiency of RA-LFS was significantly increased after the CaCO_3 film synthesis. The material properties(hardness and elastic modulus) and the thermal characteristics of the CaCO_3 films were analyzed by nano-indentation and thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis. The synthesized CaCO_3 films from RA-LFS and Ca(OH)_2(reagent) showed similarities in terms of their material properties and the decomposition temperature.

关键词： carbon dioxide ladle furnace slag carbonation calcium carbonate film calcium efficiency

Language Model Using Differentiable Neural Computer Based on Forget Gate-Based Memory Deallocation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 537-551页

作者： Donghyun Lee Hosung Park Soonshin Seo Changmin kim Hyunsoo Son Gyujin kim Ji-hwan kim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sogang UniversitySeoul04107Korea

A differentiable neural computer(DNC)is analogous to the Von Neumann machine with a neural network controller that interacts with an external memory through an attention *** DNC’s offer a generalized method for task-specific deep learning models and have demonstrated reliability with reasoning *** this study,we apply a DNC to a language model(LM)*** LM task is one of the reasoning problems,because it can predict the next word using the previous word ***,memory deallocation is a problem in DNCs as some information unrelated to the input sequence is not allocated and remains in the external memory,which degrades ***,we propose a forget gatebased memory deallocation(FMD)method,which searches for the minimum value of elements in a forget gate-based retention *** forget gatebased retention vector indicates the retention degree of information stored in each external memory *** experiments,we applied our proposed NTM architecture to LM tasks as a task-specific example and to rescoring for speech recognition as a general-purpose *** LM tasks,we evaluated DNC using the Penn Treebank and enwik8 LM *** it does not yield SOTA results in LM tasks,the FMD method exhibits relatively improved performance compared with DNC in terms of *** the speech recognition rescoring tasks,FMD again showed a relative improvement using the LibriSpeech data in terms of word error rate.

关键词： Forget gate-based memory deallocation differentiable neural computer language model forget gate-based retention vector

A novel strategy for gas mitigation during swine manure odour treatment using seaweed and a microbial consortium

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 203-214页

作者： Madhavaraj Lavanya Ho-Dong Lim Kong-Min kim Dae-Hyuk kim Balasubramani Ravindran Gui hwan Han Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms(CIALM) Jeongeup-si 56212Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Biology Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 561-756Republic of Korea Department of Environmental Energy&Engineering Kyonggi UniversitySuwon-si 16227Republic of Korea

Gas emissions from swine farms have an impact on air quality in the Republic of *** manure stored in deep pits for a long time is a major source of harmful gas ***,we evaluated the mitigation of emissions of ammonia(N H 3),hydrogen sulfide(H2S)and amine gases from swine manure with biological products such as seaweed(Sargassum homeri)and a microbial consortium(Bacillus subtilis(1.2×10^9 CFU/mL),Thiobacillus sp.(1.0×10^10 CFU/mL)and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(2.0×10^9 CFU/mL))used as additives due to their promising benefits for nutrient ***,seaweed powder masking over two days provided notable control of over 98%-100%of the gas ***,significant control of gas emissions was especially pronounced when seaweed powder masking along with a microbial consortium was applied,resulting in a gas reduction rate of 100%for NH 3,amines and H2S over 10 days of *** results also suggested that seaweed powder masking and a microbial consortium used in combination to reduce the gas emissions from swine manure reduced odour compared with that observed when the two additives were used *** the consortium,seaweed decreased total volatile fatty acid(VFA)*** proposed novel method of masking with a microbial consortium is promising for mitigating hazardous gases,simple,and environmentally *** research is warranted to determine the mechanisms underlying the seaweed and substrate interactions.

关键词： Seaweed Consortium Mitigation Ammonia H2S Volatile fatty acids(VFAs)

URANS simulations for a free-running container ship:Part 1. Turning-circle

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2021年第3期33卷 421-447页

作者： Dong-hwan kim Yugo Sanada Sungtek Park Hamid Sadat-Hosseini Frederick Stern IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering The University of IowaIowa CityUSA Costal Development and Ocean Energy Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyBusanKorea Mechanical Engineering University of North TexasDentonUSA

The incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)simulations are performed for a free-running container ship in maneuvering conditions:the starboard and portside turning circle simulations with 35°rudder *** validation variables include trajectory,motions,and propeller performances,and the prediction shows acceptable agreements against the experimental *** the steady-state part of the turning,the inertial forces balancing the local forces are reported to quantitatively assess the centrifugal force which appears from the force equilibrium between the rudder,propeller,and the *** study on the local flow focuses on finding the correlations between the propeller inflow and the propeller performance to investigate the differences in propeller performances during the portside and starboard *** preliminary simulations,performed with the grid triplet,comprise propeller open-water,resistance,and self-propulsion simulations,from which the validation studies and the studies for the local force and the local flow are fulfilled and applied for the main *** propeller and rudder are fully discretized and controlled,mimicking the ***-set,overset approach and Mentor’s SST model are employed for the free-surface capturing,large motion prediction,and turbulence closure.

关键词： Turning-circle unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) KRISO Container Ship(KCS) CFDShip-IOWA

Effects of ciglitazone and troglitazone on the proliferation of human stomach cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第3期15卷 310-320页

作者： Chan Woo Cheon Dae hwan kim Dong Heon kim Yong Hoon Cho Jae Hun kim Department of Surgery School of MedicineMedical Research InstitutePusan National UniversityBusan 602-739South Korea

AIM:To determine the cytological and molecular effects of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor(PPAR)-γ and PPAR-γ agonists on stomach cancer ***:To determine the proliferation-suppressive effects of troglitazone and ciglitazone,SNU-216 and SNU-668 stomach cancer cells were plated in media containing 40 μmol/L troglitazone and ciglitazone at a density of 1 × 104 cells/*** 3,5 and 7 d,the cells were counted with a *** assess the appearance of PPAR-γ,a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was *** day 7,Western blotting was used to determine the effects of troglitazone and ciglitazone on the expression of p21 and phosphorylated-ERK(pERK) *** cytometry analysis was used to determine which portion of the cell cycle was delayed when troglitazone was used to suppress cell *** order to clarify the mechanism underlying the activity of troglitazone,microarray analysis was ***:PPAR-γ was manifested in both SNU-216 and SNU-668 *** and troglitazone suppressed cell growth,and troglitazone was a stronger suppressor of stomach cancer cells than ciglitazone,an inducer of cell cycle arrest in the G1 ***-668 cells were also determined to be more sensitive to ciglitazone and troglitazone than SNU-216 *** troglitazone and ciglitazone were administered to stomach cancer cells,levels of p21 expression were increased,but ERK phosphorylation levels were *** GW9662,an antagonist of PPAR-γ,was applied in conjunction with ciglitazone and troglitazone,the cell growth suppression effect was *** gene transcription program revealed a variety of alterations as the consequence of troglitazone treatment,and multiple troglitazone-associated pathways were *** genes whose expression was increased by troglitazone treatment were associated with cell development,differentiation,signal transmission between cells,and cell adhesion,and were also associated

关键词： Peroxisome proliferating-activated receptor-γ Ciglitazone Troglitazone Stomach cancer cells

Double cystic duct without being aware of the anatomic anomaly during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: The first case of reverse Y type anomaly

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第2期20卷 201-202页

作者： Suhyun Lim Chang hwan kim Kwang Yeol Paik Wook kim Department of Surgery Yeouido St.Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea#1063-roYeongdeungpo-guSeoul 07345Korea

To the Editor:Variations in cystic duct anatomy are quite common,but double cystic ducts arising from one gallbladder is extremely rare,which have only been reported in less than 20 cases in literature[1–4].It is difficult to diagnose the anatomic anomaly preoperatively,and the rate of open conversion and post-operation complications were high due to ductal injury during surgery[2].

关键词： anatomy cystic gallbladder

TP-MobNet: A Two-pass Mobile Network for Low-complexity Classification of Acoustic Scene

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3291-3303页

作者： Soonshin Seo Junseok Oh Eunsoo Cho Hosung Park Gyujin kim Ji-hwan kim NAVER Corporation Seongnam13561Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sogang UniversitySeoul04107Korea

Acoustic scene classification(ASC)is a method of recognizing and classifying environments that employ acoustic *** ASC approaches based on deep learning have been developed,with convolutional neural networks(CNNs)proving to be the most reliable and commonly utilized in ASC systems due to their suitability for constructing lightweight *** using ASC systems in the real world,model complexity and device robustness are essential *** this paper,we propose a two-pass mobile network for low-complexity classification of the acoustic scene,named *** inverse residuals and linear bottlenecks,TPMobNet is based on MobileNetV2,and following mobile blocks,coordinate attention and two-pass fusion approaches are *** log-range dependencies and precise position information in feature maps can be trained via coordinate *** capturing more diverse feature resolutions at the network’s end sides,two-pass fusions can also train ***,the model size is reduced by applying weight quantization to the trained *** adding weight quantization to the trained model,the model size is also *** TAU Urban Acoustic Scenes 2020 Mobile development set was used for all of the *** has been confirmed that the proposed model,with a model size of 219.6 kB,achieves an accuracy of 73.94%.

关键词： Acoustic scene classification low-complexity device robustness two-pass mobile network coordinate attention weight quantization

A Study of the Vortical Flow over a Delta Wing with a Leading Edge Extension

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第4期12卷 299-303页

作者： Heuy-Dong kim Young-Ki Lee Tae-Ho kim Myoung-hwan Sohn School of Mechanical Engineering Andong National University Andong 760-749 KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering Andong National University Andong 760-749 KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering Andong National University Andong 760-749 KoreaDepartment of Aerospace Engineering Korean Air Force Academy Chongwon-gun ChungBook-Do 363-849 Korea

The present paper describes computational and experimental work on the vortex flow characteristics of a sharp-edged delta wing with a leading edge extension (LEX). Experiment was carried out using a low-speed wind tunnel that has a test section of 3.5 m(W)×2.45 m(H)×8.7 m(L). The angle of attack of the delta wing ranges from 10° to 30°. The free stream velocity is fixed at 20 m/s, which corresponds to Reynolds number of 0.88×106. Computations using the mass-averaged implicit 3D Navier-Stokes equations were applied to predict the complicated vortical flow over the delta wing. The governing equations were discretized in space using a fully implicit finite volume differencing formation. The standard k-e turbulent model was employed to close the governing equations. The present computations predicted the experimented flow field with a good accuracy.

关键词： delta wing leading edge extension (LEX) vortex core vortex strength.